https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=77339
--- Comment #3 from Marek Polacek <mpolacek at gcc dot gnu.org> --- clang++ says w.C:4:25: error: type 'A<X>' (aka 'int') cannot be used prior to '::' because it has no members template < typename X > A < X >::a; ^ w.C:1:23: note: type alias template 'A' declared here template < typename > using A = int; ^ 1 error generated.