https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=92798
--- Comment #1 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> --- -fshort-enums is an ABI-changing option, which means you should recompile the entire toolchain including the standard libraries. Why are you using it anyway? In C++ you can specify a fixed underlying type, so you can control the exact size of each enumeration type.