https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=102519
--- Comment #12 from David Edelsohn <dje at gcc dot gnu.org> --- GCC non-quiet mode shows: ... g_31_31_16 f_31_31_17 g_31_31_17 f_31_31_23 g_31_31_23 f_31_31_24 g_31_31_24 f_31_31_25 g_31_31_25 f_31_31_29 g_31_31_29 f_31_31_30 g_31_31_30 f_31_31_31 g_31_31_31 Analyzing compilation unit Performing interprocedural optimizations <*free_lang_data> {heap 4160k} <visibility> {heap 4288k} <build_ssa_passes> {heap 4288k} <opt_local_passes> {heap 4416k} <remove_symbols> {heap 9985k} <targetclone> {heap 9985k} <free-fnsummary> {heap 9985k}Streaming LTO <whole-program> {heap 12M} <profile_estimate> {heap 12M} <icf> {heap 15M} <devirt> {heap 15M} <cp> {heap 15M} <sra> {heap 15M} <cdtor> {heap 15M} <fnsummary> {heap 15M} <inline> {heap 15M} <pure-const> {heap 16M} <modref> {heap 16M} <free-fnsummary> {heap 16M} <static-var> {heap 16M} <single-use> {heap 16M} Assembling functions: f_0_0_0 g_0_0_0 f_0_0_1 g_0_0_1 f_0_0_2 g_0_0_2 f_0_0_7 g_0_0_7 f_0_0_8 g_0_0_8 f_0_0_9 g_0_0_9 f_0_0_15 g_0_0_15 f_0_0_16 g_0_0_16 f_0_0_17 g_0_0_17 f_0_0_23 ... f_17_15_9 g_17_15_9 f_17_15_15 g_17_15_15 f_17_15_16 g_17_15_16 f_17_15_17 g_17_15_17 f_17_15_23 cc1: out of memory allocating 65536 bytes after a total of 1071778432 bytes Somehow the VRP threader change provoked this change in memory usage and failure mode.