https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=113570
--- Comment #1 from Vineet Gupta <vineetg at gcc dot gnu.org> --- This one is a headache as we don't know where the problem is. And that it takes ~7hr for a QEMU run to finish. Good this is there is a comparison point as VLA build works fine. (1). bloat-o-meter (from Linux kernel) to diff the VLS (nok) and VLA (ok) builds. Function old new delta init_ 6722 6752 +30 __huygens_mod_MOD_huygense 17078 17990 +912 __huygens_mod_MOD_huygensh 14412 15614 +1202 __huygens_mod_MOD_uin.isra 2922 2944 +22 __material_mod_MOD_mat_updatee 4228 4272 +44 __mur_mod_MOD_mur_init 9054 9162 +108 __mur_mod_MOD_mur_storee 2546 2446 -100 __mur_mod_MOD_mur_updatee 10124 10354 +230 __pec_mod_MOD_pec_init 8522 8046 -476 __plane_source_mod_MOD_plane_source_init 6942 7072 +130 __power_mod_MOD___copy_power_mod_Powertyp 14 26 +12 __power_mod_MOD_power_dft 1280 1156 -124 __power_mod_MOD_power_init 9830 9994 +164 __power_mod_MOD_power_print 2304 1556 -748 __upml_mod_MOD_upml_allocate.isra 19384 19614 +230 __upml_mod_MOD_upml_init 25564 26178 +614 __upml_mod_MOD_upml_set_eps_arrays.isra 5406 6356 +950 __upml_mod_MOD_upml_updatee 32516 27130 -5386 __upml_mod_MOD_upml_updatee_simple 36112 29612 -6500 __upml_mod_MOD_upml_updateh 15962 15992 +30 writeout_ 10856 11002 +146 (2). Assuming the issue is one of those above (which may not be the true), manually rebuild, changing build flags to VLA, one module at a time, relink, rerun qemu and compare output. - This resulted in power.fppized.f90 as the culprit (3) Manually split up the power module into multiple files - one function at a time and do the same exercise to identify the function.