Richard Biener <richard.guent...@gmail.com> writes:
> On Thu, May 4, 2017 at 7:21 PM, Richard Sandiford
> <richard.sandif...@linaro.org> wrote:
>> Richard Biener <richard.guent...@gmail.com> writes:
>>> On Thu, May 4, 2017 at 2:12 PM, Richard Biener
>>> <richard.guent...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>> On Wed, May 3, 2017 at 10:00 AM, Richard Sandiford
>>>> <richard.sandif...@linaro.org> wrote:
>>>>> This patch tries to calculate conservatively-correct distance
>>>>> vectors for two references whose base addresses are not the same.
>>>>> It sets a new flag DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P if the dependence
>>>>> isn't guaranteed to occur.
>>>>>
>>>>> The motivating example is:
>>>>>
>>>>>   struct s { int x[8]; };
>>>>>   void
>>>>>   f (struct s *a, struct s *b)
>>>>>   {
>>>>>     for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
>>>>>       a->x[i] += b->x[i];
>>>>>   }
>>>>>
>>>>> in which the "a" and "b" accesses are either independent or have a
>>>>> dependence distance of 0 (assuming -fstrict-aliasing).  Neither case
>>>>> prevents vectorisation, so we can vectorise without an alias check.
>>>>>
>>>>> I'd originally wanted to do the same thing for arrays as well, e.g.:
>>>>>
>>>>>   void
>>>>>   f (int a[][8], struct b[][8])
>>>>>   {
>>>>>     for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
>>>>>       a[0][i] += b[0][i];
>>>>>   }
>>>>>
>>>>> I think this is valid because C11 6.7.6.2/6 says:
>>>>>
>>>>>   For two array types to be compatible, both shall have compatible
>>>>>   element types, and if both size specifiers are present, and are
>>>>>   integer constant expressions, then both size specifiers shall have
>>>>>   the same constant value.
>>>>>
>>>>> So if we access an array through an int (*)[8], it must have type X[8]
>>>>> or X[], where X is compatible with int.  It doesn't seem possible in
>>>>> either case for "a[0]" and "b[0]" to overlap when "a != b".
>>>>>
>>>>> However, Richard B said that (at least in gimple) we support arbitrary
>>>>> overlap of arrays and allow arrays to be accessed with different
>>>>> dimensionality.  There are examples of this in PR50067.  I've therefore
>>>>> only handled references that end in a structure field access.
>>>>>
>>>>> There are two ways of handling these dependences in the vectoriser:
>>>>> use them to limit VF, or check at runtime as before.  I've gone for
>>>>> the approach of checking at runtime if we can, to avoid limiting VF
>>>>> unnecessarily.  We still fall back to a VF cap when runtime checks
>>>>> aren't allowed.
>>>>>
>>>>> The patch tests whether we queued an alias check with a dependence
>>>>> distance of X and then picked a VF <= X, in which case it's safe to
>>>>> drop the alias check.  Since vect_prune_runtime_alias_check_list can
>>>>> be called twice with different VF for the same loop, it's no longer
>>>>> safe to clear may_alias_ddrs on exit.  Instead we should use
>>>>> comp_alias_ddrs to check whether versioning is necessary.
>>>>>
>>>>> Tested on aarch64-linux-gnu and x86_64-linux-gnu.  OK to install?
>>>>
>>>> You seem to do your "fancy" thing but also later compute the old
>>>> base equality anyway (for same_base_p).  It looks to me for this
>>>> case the new fancy code can be simply skipped, keeping num_dimensions
>>>> as before?
>>>>
>>>> +      /* Try to approach equal type sizes.  */
>>>> +      if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type_a)
>>>> +         || !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type_b)
>>>> +         || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type_a))
>>>> +         || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type_b)))
>>>> +       break;
>>>>
>>>> ah, interesting idea to avoid a quadratic search.  Note that you should
>>>> conservatively handle both BIT_FIELD_REF and VIEW_CONVERT_EXPR
>>>> as they are used for type-punning.
>>
>> All the component refs here should be REALPART_EXPRs, IMAGPART_EXPRs,
>> ARRAY_REFs or COMPONENT_REFs of structures, since that's all that
>> dr_analyze_indices allows, so I think we safe in terms of the tree codes.
>
> Yeah.  I think we need to document that we should have a 1:1 match here.

OK, I added that to the comments and also added an access_fn_component_p
that we can assert on.

>>>> I see nonoverlapping_component_refs_of_decl_p should simply skip
>>>> ARRAY_REFs - but I also see there:
>>>>
>>>>       /* ??? We cannot simply use the type of operand #0 of the refs here
>>>>          as the Fortran compiler smuggles type punning into COMPONENT_REFs
>>>>          for common blocks instead of using unions like everyone else.  */
>>>>       tree type1 = DECL_CONTEXT (field1);
>>>>       tree type2 = DECL_CONTEXT (field2);
>>>>
>>>> so you probably can't simply use TREE_TYPE (outer_ref) for type 
>>>> compatibility.
>>>> You also may not use types_compatible_p here as for LTO that is _way_ too
>>>> lax for aggregates.  The above uses
>>>>
>>>>       /* We cannot disambiguate fields in a union or qualified union.  */
>>>>       if (type1 != type2 || TREE_CODE (type1) != RECORD_TYPE)
>>>>          return false;
>>>>
>>>> so you should also bail out on unions here, rather than the check you do 
>>>> later.
>>
>> The loop stops before we get to a union, so I think "only" the RECORD_TYPE
>> COMPONENT_REF handling is a potential problem.  Does this mean that
>> I should use the nonoverlapping_component_refs_of_decl_p code:
>>
>>       tree field1 = TREE_OPERAND (ref1, 1);
>>       tree field2 = TREE_OPERAND (ref2, 1);
>>
>>       /* ??? We cannot simply use the type of operand #0 of the refs here
>>          as the Fortran compiler smuggles type punning into COMPONENT_REFs
>>          for common blocks instead of using unions like everyone else.  */
>>       tree type1 = DECL_CONTEXT (field1);
>>       tree type2 = DECL_CONTEXT (field2);
>>
>>       /* We cannot disambiguate fields in a union or qualified union.  */
>>       if (type1 != type2 || TREE_CODE (type1) != RECORD_TYPE)
>>          return false;
>>
>>       if (field1 != field2)
>>         {
>>           /* A field and its representative need to be considered the
>>              same.  */
>>           if (DECL_BIT_FIELD_REPRESENTATIVE (field1) == field2
>>               || DECL_BIT_FIELD_REPRESENTATIVE (field2) == field1)
>>             return false;
>>           /* Different fields of the same record type cannot overlap.
>>              ??? Bitfields can overlap at RTL level so punt on them.  */
>>           if (DECL_BIT_FIELD (field1) && DECL_BIT_FIELD (field2))
>>             return false;
>>           return true;
>>         }
>>
>> as the disambiguation test for COMPONENT_REFs, instead of types_compatible_p
>> during the new loop?
>
> Yes.  OTOH you want to "match" while the above disambiguates.  So it means
> you should use either FIELD_DECL equality or DECL_CONTEXT of the FIELD_DECL
> equality (which should be the same in the end).  The RTL concern
> should not matter
> here.

The attached patch adds an access_fn_components_comparable_p helper
function that checks whether the DECL_CONTEXTs are the same.

>>  And test for this as well as unions in the outer
>> references?
>
> So looking at dr_analyze_indices a union would be always the DR_BASE_OBJECT,
> and you (should) stop the ref walk at DR_BASE_OBJECT.

I was just thinking that if the Fortran front-end has cases in which
TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0)) != DECL_CONTEXT (TREE_OPERAND (ref, 1))
for a COMPONENT_REF, should we treat that as equivalent to a union
access in ref_contains_union_access_p?  But I'm not sure that's
necessary after all.

> The dr_analyze_indices code is also somewhat fishy in that it simply
> ignores everything below unhandled component-refs even if there are
> indices involved (and it gets away with this because dependence
> analysis likely/hopefully gives up on the DR_BASE_OBJECT equality test
> in case it is sth like a[i].union for example ... hopefully ...).

I think this is what you meant, but: I don't think the base object
itself can be a union, because we need at least one component reference
for the DR, and don't accept COMPONENT_REFs for unions as access functions.
So if the base involves a union, the base would also need to have a
COMPONENT_REF that selects a particular member of that union.

And yeah, before the patch we did allow a dependence distance to be
calculated for a[i].union.f[j] vs. a[i].union.f[j + 1] (and still do
after the patch), on the basis that a[i].union.f refers to the same
object in both cases.

>>>> You seem to rely on getting an access_fn entry for each 
>>>> handled_component_p.
>>>> It looks like this is the case -- we even seem to stop at unions
>>>> (with the same
>>>> fortran "issue").  I'm not sure that's the best thing to do but you
>>>> rely on that.
>>
>> Yeah, the loop is deliberately limited to the components associated with
>> an access_fn.  I did wonder at first whether dr_analyze_indices should
>> store the original component reference trees for each access function.
>> That would make things simpler and more explicit, but would also eat up
>> more memory.  Things like object_address_invariant_in_loop_p rely on the
>> access_fns in the same way that the loop in the patch does.
>
> in fact it fails to handle ARRAY_RANGE_REFs ...

Yeah, the whole file seems to ignore those.  What kind of code would
benefit?

>>>> I don't understand the looping, it needs more comments.  You seem to be
>>>> looking for the innermost compatible RECORD_TYPE but then num_dimensions
>>>> is how many compatible refs you found on the way (with incompatible ones
>>>> not counting?!).  What about an inner varying array of structs?
>>>> This seems to
>>>> be disregarded in the analysis now?  Thus, a[i].s.b[i].j vs. __real
>>>> b[i].s.b[i].j?
>>
>> I'll try to improve the comments.  But the idea is that both sequences are
>> as long as possible, while that still gives compatible types.  If there is
>> more than one such sequence, we pick the one nearest the base.
>>
>> So in your example, the access functions would be:
>>
>>                0   1   2   3   4
>>   a:          .j [i]  .b  .s [i]
>>
>>            0   1   2   3   4   5
>>   b:  __real  .j [i]  .b  .s [i]
>>
>> If a and b are pointers, the final access functions would be
>> unconstrained base accesses, so we'd end up with:
>>
>>   a: [0, 3]
>>   b: [1, 4]
>>
>> for both sequences.
>>
>>>> nonoverlapping_component_refs_of_decl_p/nonoverlapping_component_refs_p
>>>> conveniently start from the other
>>>> end of the ref here.
>>>
>>> That said, for the motivational cases we either have one ref having
>>> more dimensions than the other (the __real vs. full complex access) or
>>> they have the same number of dimensions (and no access fn for the
>>> base).
>>>
>>> For the first case we should simply "drop" access_fns of the larger
>>> dimensional ref (from the start, plus outer component refs) up to the
>>> point the number of dimensions are equal.
>>
>> Yeah, that's what happens for your example.  But if we had:
>>
>>     a[i].s.c.d
>>     __real b[i].s.b[i].j
>>
>> (where d is the same type as the real component) then the access
>> functions would be:
>>
>>                    0   1   2   3
>>   a:              .d  .c  .s [i]
>>
>>            0   1   2   3   4   5
>>   b:  __real  .j [i]  .b  .s [i]
>>
>> Comparing the a0/b2 column doesn't make sense, because one's an array
>> and the other is a structure.  In this case the sequence we care about is:
>>
>>   a: [1, 3]
>>   b: [3, 5]
>>
>> which is what the loop gives.  The a1/b3 column is the one that proves
>> there's no dependence.
>>
>>> Then we have the case of
>>>
>>>   ! types_compatible_p (TREE_TYPE (base_a), TREE_TYPE (base_b))
>>>
>>> where we have to punt.
>>>
>>> Then we have the case of
>>>
>>>   ! operand_equal_p (base_a, base_b, OEP_ADDRESS_OF)
>>>
>>> which is where the new code should kick in to see if we can drop access_fns
>>> from the other end (as unanalyzable but either having distance zero or not
>>> aliased because of TBAA).
>>>
>>> At least your testcases suggest you do not want to handle
>>>
>>>  struct s { int x[N]; };
>>>  struct r { struct s s; };
>>>  f (struct s *a, struct r *b)
>>>  {
>>>     for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
>>>       a->s.x[i] = b->x[i];
>>>  }
>>>
>>> ?
>>>
>>> With this example your loop which seems to search for a "common"
>>> sequence in (different) midst of the reference trees makes more sense
>>> (still that loop is awkward to understand).
>>
>> Yeah, I want to handle that too, just hadn't thought of it as a specific
>> testcase.  The code does give the expected dependence distance of 0.
>
> Ok.
>
> I think the patch is reasonable, maybe the loop can be restructured /
> simplified a bit and handling of the union case for example be done
> first (by looking at DR_BASE_OBJECT).

I still prefer doing the loop first and keeping the "same base" check
together as a single condition, since it means that we're analysing the
reference in a single direction (DR_REF to base) rather than jumping
around.  And unequal bases should be more common that equal ones.

I think both orders involve doing potentially redundant work.  The
current order tends towards doing redundant work for union accesses
and !flag_strict_aliasing, but they should be the less common cases.

How does this look?  Changes since v1:

- Added access_fn_component_p to check for valid access function components.

- Added access_fn_components_comparable_p instead of using
  types_compatibloe_p directly.

- Added more commentary.

- Added local structures to represent the sequence, so that it's
  more obvious which variables are temporaries and which aren't.

- Added the test above to vect-alias-check-3.c.

Tested on aarch64-linux-gnu and x86_64-linux-gnu.

Thanks,
Richard


2017-05-18  Richard Sandiford  <richard.sandif...@linaro.org>

gcc/

        * tree-data-ref.h (subscript): Add access_fn field.
        (data_dependence_relation): Add could_be_independent_p.
        (SUB_ACCESS_FN, DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P): New macros.
        (same_access_functions): Move to tree-data-ref.c.
        * tree-data-ref.c (ref_contains_union_access_p): New function.
        (access_fn_component_p): Likewise.
        (access_fn_components_comparable_p): Likewise.
        (dr_analyze_indices): Add a comment that this code needs to be
        kept in sync with access_fn_component_p.
        (dump_data_dependence_relation): Use SUB_ACCESS_FN instead of
        DR_ACCESS_FN.
        (constant_access_functions): Likewise.
        (add_other_self_distances): Likewise.
        (same_access_functions): Likewise.  (Moved from tree-data-ref.h.)
        (initialize_data_dependence_relation): Use XCNEW and remove
        explicit zeroing of DDR_REVERSED_P.  Look for a subsequence
        of access functions that have the same type.  Allow the
        subsequence to end with different bases in some circumstances.
        Record the chosen access functions in SUB_ACCESS_FN.
        (build_classic_dist_vector_1): Replace ddr_a and ddr_b with
        a_index and b_index.  Use SUB_ACCESS_FN instead of DR_ACCESS_FN.
        (subscript_dependence_tester_1): Likewise dra and drb.
        (build_classic_dist_vector): Update calls accordingly.
        (subscript_dependence_tester): Likewise.
        * tree-ssa-loop-prefetch.c (determine_loop_nest_reuse): Check
        DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P.
        * tree-vectorizer.h (LOOP_REQUIRES_VERSIONING_FOR_ALIAS): Test
        comp_alias_ddrs instead of may_alias_ddrs.
        * tree-vect-data-refs.c (vect_analyze_data_ref_dependence): Try
        to mark for aliasing if DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P, but fall back
        to using the recorded distance vectors if that fails.
        (dependence_distance_ge_vf): New function.
        (vect_prune_runtime_alias_test_list): Use it.  Don't clear
        LOOP_VINFO_MAY_ALIAS_DDRS.

gcc/testsuite/
        * gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-3.c: New test.
        * gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-4.c: Likewise.
        * gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-5.c: Likewise.

Index: gcc/tree-data-ref.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/tree-data-ref.h 2017-05-04 11:36:51.157328631 +0100
+++ gcc/tree-data-ref.h 2017-05-18 07:51:50.871904726 +0100
@@ -191,6 +191,9 @@ struct conflict_function
 
 struct subscript
 {
+  /* The access functions of the two references.  */
+  tree access_fn[2];
+
   /* A description of the iterations for which the elements are
      accessed twice.  */
   conflict_function *conflicting_iterations_in_a;
@@ -209,6 +212,7 @@ struct subscript
 
 typedef struct subscript *subscript_p;
 
+#define SUB_ACCESS_FN(SUB, I) (SUB)->access_fn[I]
 #define SUB_CONFLICTS_IN_A(SUB) (SUB)->conflicting_iterations_in_a
 #define SUB_CONFLICTS_IN_B(SUB) (SUB)->conflicting_iterations_in_b
 #define SUB_LAST_CONFLICT(SUB) (SUB)->last_conflict
@@ -264,6 +268,33 @@ struct data_dependence_relation
   /* Set to true when the dependence relation is on the same data
      access.  */
   bool self_reference_p;
+
+  /* True if the dependence described is conservatively correct rather
+     than exact, and if it is still possible for the accesses to be
+     conditionally independent.  For example, the a and b references in:
+
+       struct s *a, *b;
+       for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+         a->f[i] += b->f[i];
+
+     conservatively have a distance vector of (0), for the case in which
+     a == b, but the accesses are independent if a != b.  Similarly,
+     the a and b references in:
+
+       struct s *a, *b;
+       for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+         a[0].f[i] += b[i].f[i];
+
+     conservatively have a distance vector of (0), but they are indepenent
+     when a != b + i.  In contrast, the references in:
+
+       struct s *a;
+       for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+         a->f[i] += a->f[i];
+
+     have the same distance vector of (0), but the accesses can never be
+     independent.  */
+  bool could_be_independent_p;
 };
 
 typedef struct data_dependence_relation *ddr_p;
@@ -294,6 +325,7 @@ #define DDR_DIR_VECT(DDR, I) \
 #define DDR_DIST_VECT(DDR, I) \
   DDR_DIST_VECTS (DDR)[I]
 #define DDR_REVERSED_P(DDR) (DDR)->reversed_p
+#define DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P(DDR) (DDR)->could_be_independent_p
 
 
 bool dr_analyze_innermost (struct data_reference *, struct loop *);
@@ -372,22 +404,6 @@ same_data_refs (data_reference_p a, data
       return false;
 
   return true;
-}
-
-/* Return true when the DDR contains two data references that have the
-   same access functions.  */
-
-static inline bool
-same_access_functions (const struct data_dependence_relation *ddr)
-{
-  unsigned i;
-
-  for (i = 0; i < DDR_NUM_SUBSCRIPTS (ddr); i++)
-    if (!eq_evolutions_p (DR_ACCESS_FN (DDR_A (ddr), i),
-                         DR_ACCESS_FN (DDR_B (ddr), i)))
-      return false;
-
-  return true;
 }
 
 /* Returns true when all the dependences are computable.  */
Index: gcc/tree-data-ref.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/tree-data-ref.c 2017-05-18 07:51:26.126377691 +0100
+++ gcc/tree-data-ref.c 2017-05-18 07:51:50.871904726 +0100
@@ -123,8 +123,7 @@ Software Foundation; either version 3, o
 } dependence_stats;
 
 static bool subscript_dependence_tester_1 (struct data_dependence_relation *,
-                                          struct data_reference *,
-                                          struct data_reference *,
+                                          unsigned int, unsigned int,
                                           struct loop *);
 /* Returns true iff A divides B.  */
 
@@ -144,6 +143,21 @@ int_divides_p (int a, int b)
   return ((b % a) == 0);
 }
 
+/* Return true if reference REF contains a union access.  */
+
+static bool
+ref_contains_union_access_p (tree ref)
+{
+  while (handled_component_p (ref))
+    {
+      ref = TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0);
+      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (ref)) == UNION_TYPE
+         || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (ref)) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
+       return true;
+    }
+  return false;
+}
+
 
 
 /* Dump into FILE all the data references from DATAREFS.  */
@@ -433,13 +447,14 @@ dump_data_dependence_relation (FILE *out
       unsigned int i;
       struct loop *loopi;
 
-      for (i = 0; i < DDR_NUM_SUBSCRIPTS (ddr); i++)
+      subscript *sub;
+      FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (ddr), i, sub)
        {
          fprintf (outf, "  access_fn_A: ");
-         print_generic_stmt (outf, DR_ACCESS_FN (dra, i));
+         print_generic_stmt (outf, SUB_ACCESS_FN (sub, 0));
          fprintf (outf, "  access_fn_B: ");
-         print_generic_stmt (outf, DR_ACCESS_FN (drb, i));
-         dump_subscript (outf, DDR_SUBSCRIPT (ddr, i));
+         print_generic_stmt (outf, SUB_ACCESS_FN (sub, 1));
+         dump_subscript (outf, sub);
        }
 
       fprintf (outf, "  inner loop index: %d\n", DDR_INNER_LOOP (ddr));
@@ -886,6 +901,27 @@ dr_analyze_innermost (struct data_refere
   return true;
 }
 
+/* Return true if OP is a valid component reference for a DR access
+   function.  This accepts a subset of what handled_component_p accepts.  */
+
+static bool
+access_fn_component_p (tree op)
+{
+  switch (TREE_CODE (op))
+    {
+    case REALPART_EXPR:
+    case IMAGPART_EXPR:
+    case ARRAY_REF:
+      return true;
+
+    case COMPONENT_REF:
+      return TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (op, 0))) == RECORD_TYPE;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+}
+
 /* Determines the base object and the list of indices of memory reference
    DR, analyzed in LOOP and instantiated in loop nest NEST.  */
 
@@ -923,7 +959,9 @@ dr_analyze_indices (struct data_referenc
       access_fns.safe_push (integer_one_node);
     }
 
-  /* Analyze access functions of dimensions we know to be independent.  */
+  /* Analyze access functions of dimensions we know to be independent.
+     The list of component references handled here should be kept in
+     sync with access_fn_component_p.  */
   while (handled_component_p (ref))
     {
       if (TREE_CODE (ref) == ARRAY_REF)
@@ -1472,6 +1510,27 @@ dr_may_alias_p (const struct data_refere
   return refs_may_alias_p (addr_a, addr_b);
 }
 
+/* REF_A and REF_B both satisfy access_fns_comparable_p.  Return true
+   if it is meaningful to compare their associated access functions
+   when checking for dependencies.  */
+
+static bool
+access_fn_components_comparable_p (tree ref_a, tree ref_b)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (ref_a) != TREE_CODE (ref_b))
+    return false;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (ref_a) == COMPONENT_REF)
+    /* ??? We cannot simply use the type of operand #0 of the refs here as
+       the Fortran compiler smuggles type punning into COMPONENT_REFs.
+       Use the DECL_CONTEXT of the FIELD_DECLs instead.  */
+    return (DECL_CONTEXT (TREE_OPERAND (ref_a, 1))
+           == DECL_CONTEXT (TREE_OPERAND (ref_b, 1)));
+
+  return types_compatible_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (ref_a, 0)),
+                            TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (ref_b, 0)));
+}
+
 /* Initialize a data dependence relation between data accesses A and
    B.  NB_LOOPS is the number of loops surrounding the references: the
    size of the classic distance/direction vectors.  */
@@ -1484,11 +1543,10 @@ initialize_data_dependence_relation (str
   struct data_dependence_relation *res;
   unsigned int i;
 
-  res = XNEW (struct data_dependence_relation);
+  res = XCNEW (struct data_dependence_relation);
   DDR_A (res) = a;
   DDR_B (res) = b;
   DDR_LOOP_NEST (res).create (0);
-  DDR_REVERSED_P (res) = false;
   DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (res).create (0);
   DDR_DIR_VECTS (res).create (0);
   DDR_DIST_VECTS (res).create (0);
@@ -1506,82 +1564,277 @@ initialize_data_dependence_relation (str
       return res;
     }
 
-  /* The case where the references are exactly the same.  */
-  if (operand_equal_p (DR_REF (a), DR_REF (b), 0))
+  unsigned int num_dimensions_a = DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (a);
+  unsigned int num_dimensions_b = DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (b);
+  if (num_dimensions_a == 0 || num_dimensions_b == 0)
     {
-      if ((loop_nest.exists ()
-          && !object_address_invariant_in_loop_p (loop_nest[0],
-                                                  DR_BASE_OBJECT (a)))
-         || DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (a) == 0)
+      DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (res) = chrec_dont_know;
+      return res;
+    }
+
+  /* For unconstrained bases, the root (highest-indexed) subscript
+     describes a variation in the base of the original DR_REF rather
+     than a component access.  We have no type that accurately describes
+     the new DR_BASE_OBJECT (whose TREE_TYPE describes the type *after*
+     applying this subscript) so limit the search to the last real
+     component access.
+
+     E.g. for:
+
+       void
+       f (int a[][8], int b[][8])
+       {
+         for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
+           a[i * 2][0] = b[i][0];
+       }
+
+     the a and b accesses have a single ARRAY_REF component reference [0]
+     but have two subscripts.  */
+  if (DR_UNCONSTRAINED_BASE (a))
+    num_dimensions_a -= 1;
+  if (DR_UNCONSTRAINED_BASE (b))
+    num_dimensions_b -= 1;
+
+  /* These structures describe sequences of component references in
+     DR_REF (A) and DR_REF (B).  Each component reference is tied to a
+     specific access function.  */
+  struct {
+    /* The sequence starts at DR_ACCESS_FN (A, START_A) of A and
+       DR_ACCESS_FN (B, START_B) of B (inclusive) and extends to higher
+       indices.  In C notation, these are the indices of the rightmost
+       component references; e.g. for a sequence .b.c.d, the start
+       index is for .d.  */
+    unsigned int start_a;
+    unsigned int start_b;
+
+    /* The sequence contains LENGTH consecutive access functions from
+       each DR.  */
+    unsigned int length;
+
+    /* The enclosing objects for the A and B sequences respectively,
+       i.e. the objects to which DR_ACCESS_FN (A, START_A + LENGTH - 1)
+       and DR_ACCESS_FN (B, START_B + LENGTH - 1) are applied.  */
+    tree object_a;
+    tree object_b;
+  } full_seq = {}, struct_seq = {};
+
+  /* Before each iteration of the loop:
+
+     - REF_A is what you get after applying DR_ACCESS_FN (A, INDEX_A) and
+     - REF_B is what you get after applying DR_ACCESS_FN (B, INDEX_B).  */
+  unsigned int index_a = 0;
+  unsigned int index_b = 0;
+  tree ref_a = DR_REF (a);
+  tree ref_b = DR_REF (b);
+
+  /* Now walk the component references from the final DR_REFs back up to
+     the enclosing base objects.  Each component reference corresponds
+     to one access function in the DR, with access function 0 being for
+     the final DR_REF and the highest-indexed access function being the
+     one that is applied to the base of the DR.
+
+     Look for a sequence of component references whose access functions
+     are comparable (see access_fn_components_comparable_p).  If more
+     than one such sequence exists, pick the one nearest the base
+     (which is the leftmost sequence in C notation).  Store this sequence
+     in FULL_SEQ.
+
+     For example, if we have:
+
+       struct foo { struct bar s; ... } (*a)[10], (*b)[10];
+
+       A: a[0][i].s.c.d
+       B: __real b[0][i].s.e[i].f
+
+     (where d is the same type as the real component of f) then the access
+     functions would be:
+
+                        0   1   2   3
+       A:              .d  .c  .s [i]
+
+                0   1   2   3   4   5
+       B:  __real  .f [i]  .e  .s [i]
+
+     The A0/B2 column isn't comparable, since .d is a COMPONENT_REF
+     and [i] is an ARRAY_REF.  However, the A1/B3 column contains two
+     COMPONENT_REF accesses for struct bar, so is comparable.  Likewise
+     the A2/B4 column contains two COMPONENT_REF accesses for struct foo,
+     so is comparable.  The A3/B5 column contains two ARRAY_REFs that
+     index foo[10] arrays, so is again comparable.  The sequence is
+     therefore:
+
+        A: [1, 3]  (i.e. [i].s.c)
+        B: [3, 5]  (i.e. [i].s.e)
+
+     Also look for sequences of component references whose access
+     functions are comparable and whose enclosing objects have the same
+     RECORD_TYPE.  Store this sequence in STRUCT_SEQ.  In the above
+     example, STRUCT_SEQ would be:
+
+        A: [1, 2]  (i.e. s.c)
+        B: [3, 4]  (i.e. s.e)  */
+  while (index_a < num_dimensions_a && index_b < num_dimensions_b)
+    {
+      /* REF_A and REF_B must be one of the component access types
+        allowed by dr_analyze_indices.  */
+      gcc_checking_assert (access_fn_component_p (ref_a));
+      gcc_checking_assert (access_fn_component_p (ref_b));
+
+      /* Get the immediately-enclosing objects for REF_A and REF_B,
+        i.e. the references *before* applying DR_ACCESS_FN (A, INDEX_A)
+        and DR_ACCESS_FN (B, INDEX_B).  */
+      tree object_a = TREE_OPERAND (ref_a, 0);
+      tree object_b = TREE_OPERAND (ref_b, 0);
+
+      tree type_a = TREE_TYPE (object_a);
+      tree type_b = TREE_TYPE (object_b);
+      if (access_fn_components_comparable_p (ref_a, ref_b))
+       {
+         /* This pair of component accesses is comparable for dependence
+            analysis, so we can include DR_ACCESS_FN (A, INDEX_A) and
+            DR_ACCESS_FN (B, INDEX_B) in the sequence.  */
+         if (full_seq.start_a + full_seq.length != index_a
+             || full_seq.start_b + full_seq.length != index_b)
+           {
+             /* The accesses don't extend the current sequence,
+                so start a new one here.  */
+             full_seq.start_a = index_a;
+             full_seq.start_b = index_b;
+             full_seq.length = 0;
+           }
+
+         /* Add this pair of references to the sequence.  */
+         full_seq.length += 1;
+         full_seq.object_a = object_a;
+         full_seq.object_b = object_b;
+
+         /* If the enclosing objects are structures (and thus have the
+            same RECORD_TYPE), record the new sequence in STRUCT_SEQ.  */
+         if (TREE_CODE (type_a) == RECORD_TYPE)
+           struct_seq = full_seq;
+
+         /* Move to the next containing reference for both A and B.  */
+         ref_a = object_a;
+         ref_b = object_b;
+         index_a += 1;
+         index_b += 1;
+         continue;
+       }
+
+      /* Try to approach equal type sizes.  */
+      if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type_a)
+         || !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type_b)
+         || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type_a))
+         || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type_b)))
+       break;
+
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT size_a = tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type_a));
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT size_b = tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type_b));
+      if (size_a <= size_b)
        {
-         DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (res) = chrec_dont_know;
-         return res;
+         index_a += 1;
+         ref_a = object_a;
+       }
+      if (size_b <= size_a)
+       {
+         index_b += 1;
+         ref_b = object_b;
        }
-      DDR_AFFINE_P (res) = true;
-      DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (res) = NULL_TREE;
-      DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (res).create (DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (a));
-      DDR_LOOP_NEST (res) = loop_nest;
-      DDR_INNER_LOOP (res) = 0;
-      DDR_SELF_REFERENCE (res) = true;
-      for (i = 0; i < DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (a); i++)
-       {
-         struct subscript *subscript;
-
-         subscript = XNEW (struct subscript);
-         SUB_CONFLICTS_IN_A (subscript) = conflict_fn_not_known ();
-         SUB_CONFLICTS_IN_B (subscript) = conflict_fn_not_known ();
-         SUB_LAST_CONFLICT (subscript) = chrec_dont_know;
-         SUB_DISTANCE (subscript) = chrec_dont_know;
-         DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (res).safe_push (subscript);
-       }
-      return res;
     }
 
-  /* If the references do not access the same object, we do not know
-     whether they alias or not.  We do not care about TBAA or alignment
-     info so we can use OEP_ADDRESS_OF to avoid false negatives.
-     But the accesses have to use compatible types as otherwise the
-     built indices would not match.  */
-  if (!operand_equal_p (DR_BASE_OBJECT (a), DR_BASE_OBJECT (b), OEP_ADDRESS_OF)
-      || !types_compatible_p (TREE_TYPE (DR_BASE_OBJECT (a)),
-                             TREE_TYPE (DR_BASE_OBJECT (b))))
+  /* See whether FULL_SEQ ends at the base and whether the two bases
+     are equal.  We do not care about TBAA or alignment info so we can
+     use OEP_ADDRESS_OF to avoid false negatives.  */
+  tree base_a = DR_BASE_OBJECT (a);
+  tree base_b = DR_BASE_OBJECT (b);
+  bool same_base_p = (full_seq.start_a + full_seq.length == num_dimensions_a
+                     && full_seq.start_b + full_seq.length == num_dimensions_b
+                     && DR_UNCONSTRAINED_BASE (a) == DR_UNCONSTRAINED_BASE (b)
+                     && operand_equal_p (base_a, base_b, OEP_ADDRESS_OF)
+                     && types_compatible_p (TREE_TYPE (base_a),
+                                            TREE_TYPE (base_b))
+                     && (!loop_nest.exists ()
+                         || (object_address_invariant_in_loop_p
+                             (loop_nest[0], base_a))));
+
+  /* If the bases are the same, we can include the base variation too.
+     E.g. the b accesses in:
+
+       for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+         b[i + 4][0] = b[i][0];
+
+     have a definite dependence distance of 4, while for:
+
+       for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+         a[i + 4][0] = b[i][0];
+
+     the dependence distance depends on the gap between a and b.
+
+     If the bases are different then we can only rely on the sequence
+     rooted at a structure access, since arrays are allowed to overlap
+     arbitrarily and change shape arbitrarily.  E.g. we treat this as
+     valid code:
+
+       int a[256];
+       ...
+       ((int (*)[4][3]) &a[1])[i][0] += ((int (*)[4][3]) &a[2])[i][0];
+
+     where two lvalues with the same int[4][3] type overlap, and where
+     both lvalues are distinct from the object's declared type.  */
+  if (same_base_p)
     {
-      DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (res) = chrec_dont_know;
-      return res;
+      if (DR_UNCONSTRAINED_BASE (a))
+       full_seq.length += 1;
     }
+  else
+    full_seq = struct_seq;
 
-  /* If the base of the object is not invariant in the loop nest, we cannot
-     analyze it.  TODO -- in fact, it would suffice to record that there may
-     be arbitrary dependences in the loops where the base object varies.  */
-  if ((loop_nest.exists ()
-       && !object_address_invariant_in_loop_p (loop_nest[0], DR_BASE_OBJECT 
(a)))
-      || DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (a) == 0)
+  /* Punt if we didn't find a suitable sequence.  */
+  if (full_seq.length == 0)
     {
       DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (res) = chrec_dont_know;
       return res;
     }
 
-  /* If the number of dimensions of the access to not agree we can have
-     a pointer access to a component of the array element type and an
-     array access while the base-objects are still the same.  Punt.  */
-  if (DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (a) != DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (b))
+  if (!same_base_p)
     {
-      DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (res) = chrec_dont_know;
-      return res;
+      /* Partial overlap is possible for different bases when strict aliasing
+        is not in effect.  It's also possible if either base involves a union
+        access; e.g. for:
+
+          struct s1 { int a[2]; };
+          struct s2 { struct s1 b; int c; };
+          struct s3 { int d; struct s1 e; };
+          union u { struct s2 f; struct s3 g; } *p, *q;
+
+        the s1 at "p->f.b" (base "p->f") partially overlaps the s1 at
+        "p->g.e" (base "p->g") and might partially overlap the s1 at
+        "q->g.e" (base "q->g").  */
+      if (!flag_strict_aliasing
+         || ref_contains_union_access_p (full_seq.object_a)
+         || ref_contains_union_access_p (full_seq.object_b))
+       {
+         DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (res) = chrec_dont_know;
+         return res;
+       }
+
+      DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P (res) = true;
     }
 
   DDR_AFFINE_P (res) = true;
   DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (res) = NULL_TREE;
-  DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (res).create (DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (a));
+  DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (res).create (full_seq.length);
   DDR_LOOP_NEST (res) = loop_nest;
   DDR_INNER_LOOP (res) = 0;
   DDR_SELF_REFERENCE (res) = false;
 
-  for (i = 0; i < DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (a); i++)
+  for (i = 0; i < full_seq.length; ++i)
     {
       struct subscript *subscript;
 
       subscript = XNEW (struct subscript);
+      SUB_ACCESS_FN (subscript, 0) = DR_ACCESS_FN (a, full_seq.start_a + i);
+      SUB_ACCESS_FN (subscript, 1) = DR_ACCESS_FN (b, full_seq.start_b + i);
       SUB_CONFLICTS_IN_A (subscript) = conflict_fn_not_known ();
       SUB_CONFLICTS_IN_B (subscript) = conflict_fn_not_known ();
       SUB_LAST_CONFLICT (subscript) = chrec_dont_know;
@@ -3163,14 +3416,15 @@ add_outer_distances (struct data_depende
 }
 
 /* Return false when fail to represent the data dependence as a
-   distance vector.  INIT_B is set to true when a component has been
+   distance vector.  A_INDEX is the index of the first reference
+   (0 for DDR_A, 1 for DDR_B) and B_INDEX is the index of the
+   second reference.  INIT_B is set to true when a component has been
    added to the distance vector DIST_V.  INDEX_CARRY is then set to
    the index in DIST_V that carries the dependence.  */
 
 static bool
 build_classic_dist_vector_1 (struct data_dependence_relation *ddr,
-                            struct data_reference *ddr_a,
-                            struct data_reference *ddr_b,
+                            unsigned int a_index, unsigned int b_index,
                             lambda_vector dist_v, bool *init_b,
                             int *index_carry)
 {
@@ -3188,8 +3442,8 @@ build_classic_dist_vector_1 (struct data
          return false;
        }
 
-      access_fn_a = DR_ACCESS_FN (ddr_a, i);
-      access_fn_b = DR_ACCESS_FN (ddr_b, i);
+      access_fn_a = SUB_ACCESS_FN (subscript, a_index);
+      access_fn_b = SUB_ACCESS_FN (subscript, b_index);
 
       if (TREE_CODE (access_fn_a) == POLYNOMIAL_CHREC
          && TREE_CODE (access_fn_b) == POLYNOMIAL_CHREC)
@@ -3249,10 +3503,11 @@ build_classic_dist_vector_1 (struct data
 constant_access_functions (const struct data_dependence_relation *ddr)
 {
   unsigned i;
+  subscript *sub;
 
-  for (i = 0; i < DDR_NUM_SUBSCRIPTS (ddr); i++)
-    if (!evolution_function_is_constant_p (DR_ACCESS_FN (DDR_A (ddr), i))
-       || !evolution_function_is_constant_p (DR_ACCESS_FN (DDR_B (ddr), i)))
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (ddr), i, sub)
+    if (!evolution_function_is_constant_p (SUB_ACCESS_FN (sub, 0))
+       || !evolution_function_is_constant_p (SUB_ACCESS_FN (sub, 1)))
       return false;
 
   return true;
@@ -3315,10 +3570,11 @@ add_other_self_distances (struct data_de
   lambda_vector dist_v;
   unsigned i;
   int index_carry = DDR_NB_LOOPS (ddr);
+  subscript *sub;
 
-  for (i = 0; i < DDR_NUM_SUBSCRIPTS (ddr); i++)
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (ddr), i, sub)
     {
-      tree access_fun = DR_ACCESS_FN (DDR_A (ddr), i);
+      tree access_fun = SUB_ACCESS_FN (sub, 0);
 
       if (TREE_CODE (access_fun) == POLYNOMIAL_CHREC)
        {
@@ -3330,7 +3586,7 @@ add_other_self_distances (struct data_de
                  return;
                }
 
-             access_fun = DR_ACCESS_FN (DDR_A (ddr), 0);
+             access_fun = SUB_ACCESS_FN (DDR_SUBSCRIPT (ddr, 0), 0);
 
              if (TREE_CODE (CHREC_LEFT (access_fun)) == POLYNOMIAL_CHREC)
                add_multivariate_self_dist (ddr, access_fun);
@@ -3401,6 +3657,23 @@ add_distance_for_zero_overlaps (struct d
     }
 }
 
+/* Return true when the DDR contains two data references that have the
+   same access functions.  */
+
+static inline bool
+same_access_functions (const struct data_dependence_relation *ddr)
+{
+  unsigned i;
+  subscript *sub;
+
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (DDR_SUBSCRIPTS (ddr), i, sub)
+    if (!eq_evolutions_p (SUB_ACCESS_FN (sub, 0),
+                         SUB_ACCESS_FN (sub, 1)))
+      return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
 /* Compute the classic per loop distance vector.  DDR is the data
    dependence relation to build a vector from.  Return false when fail
    to represent the data dependence as a distance vector.  */
@@ -3432,8 +3705,7 @@ build_classic_dist_vector (struct data_d
     }
 
   dist_v = lambda_vector_new (DDR_NB_LOOPS (ddr));
-  if (!build_classic_dist_vector_1 (ddr, DDR_A (ddr), DDR_B (ddr),
-                                   dist_v, &init_b, &index_carry))
+  if (!build_classic_dist_vector_1 (ddr, 0, 1, dist_v, &init_b, &index_carry))
     return false;
 
   /* Save the distance vector if we initialized one.  */
@@ -3466,12 +3738,11 @@ build_classic_dist_vector (struct data_d
       if (!lambda_vector_lexico_pos (dist_v, DDR_NB_LOOPS (ddr)))
        {
          lambda_vector save_v = lambda_vector_new (DDR_NB_LOOPS (ddr));
-         if (!subscript_dependence_tester_1 (ddr, DDR_B (ddr), DDR_A (ddr),
-                                             loop_nest))
+         if (!subscript_dependence_tester_1 (ddr, 1, 0, loop_nest))
            return false;
          compute_subscript_distance (ddr);
-         if (!build_classic_dist_vector_1 (ddr, DDR_B (ddr), DDR_A (ddr),
-                                           save_v, &init_b, &index_carry))
+         if (!build_classic_dist_vector_1 (ddr, 1, 0, save_v, &init_b,
+                                           &index_carry))
            return false;
          save_dist_v (ddr, save_v);
          DDR_REVERSED_P (ddr) = true;
@@ -3507,12 +3778,10 @@ build_classic_dist_vector (struct data_d
            {
              lambda_vector opposite_v = lambda_vector_new (DDR_NB_LOOPS (ddr));
 
-             if (!subscript_dependence_tester_1 (ddr, DDR_B (ddr),
-                                                 DDR_A (ddr), loop_nest))
+             if (!subscript_dependence_tester_1 (ddr, 1, 0, loop_nest))
                return false;
              compute_subscript_distance (ddr);
-             if (!build_classic_dist_vector_1 (ddr, DDR_B (ddr), DDR_A (ddr),
-                                               opposite_v, &init_b,
+             if (!build_classic_dist_vector_1 (ddr, 1, 0, opposite_v, &init_b,
                                                &index_carry))
                return false;
 
@@ -3591,13 +3860,13 @@ build_classic_dir_vector (struct data_de
     }
 }
 
-/* Helper function.  Returns true when there is a dependence between
-   data references DRA and DRB.  */
+/* Helper function.  Returns true when there is a dependence between the
+   data references.  A_INDEX is the index of the first reference (0 for
+   DDR_A, 1 for DDR_B) and B_INDEX is the index of the second reference.  */
 
 static bool
 subscript_dependence_tester_1 (struct data_dependence_relation *ddr,
-                              struct data_reference *dra,
-                              struct data_reference *drb,
+                              unsigned int a_index, unsigned int b_index,
                               struct loop *loop_nest)
 {
   unsigned int i;
@@ -3609,8 +3878,8 @@ subscript_dependence_tester_1 (struct da
     {
       conflict_function *overlaps_a, *overlaps_b;
 
-      analyze_overlapping_iterations (DR_ACCESS_FN (dra, i),
-                                     DR_ACCESS_FN (drb, i),
+      analyze_overlapping_iterations (SUB_ACCESS_FN (subscript, a_index),
+                                     SUB_ACCESS_FN (subscript, b_index),
                                      &overlaps_a, &overlaps_b,
                                      &last_conflicts, loop_nest);
 
@@ -3659,7 +3928,7 @@ subscript_dependence_tester_1 (struct da
 subscript_dependence_tester (struct data_dependence_relation *ddr,
                             struct loop *loop_nest)
 {
-  if (subscript_dependence_tester_1 (ddr, DDR_A (ddr), DDR_B (ddr), loop_nest))
+  if (subscript_dependence_tester_1 (ddr, 0, 1, loop_nest))
     dependence_stats.num_dependence_dependent++;
 
   compute_subscript_distance (ddr);
Index: gcc/tree-ssa-loop-prefetch.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/tree-ssa-loop-prefetch.c        2017-05-18 07:51:26.127377591 +0100
+++ gcc/tree-ssa-loop-prefetch.c        2017-05-18 07:51:50.871904726 +0100
@@ -1650,6 +1650,7 @@ determine_loop_nest_reuse (struct loop *
       refb = (struct mem_ref *) DDR_B (dep)->aux;
 
       if (DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (dep) == chrec_dont_know
+         || DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P (dep)
          || DDR_NUM_DIST_VECTS (dep) == 0)
        {
          /* If the dependence cannot be analyzed, assume that there might be
Index: gcc/tree-vectorizer.h
===================================================================
--- gcc/tree-vectorizer.h       2017-05-18 07:51:26.128377491 +0100
+++ gcc/tree-vectorizer.h       2017-05-18 07:51:50.872904626 +0100
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ #define LOOP_VINFO_ORIG_LOOP_INFO(L)
 #define LOOP_REQUIRES_VERSIONING_FOR_ALIGNMENT(L)      \
   ((L)->may_misalign_stmts.length () > 0)
 #define LOOP_REQUIRES_VERSIONING_FOR_ALIAS(L)          \
-  ((L)->may_alias_ddrs.length () > 0)
+  ((L)->comp_alias_ddrs.length () > 0)
 #define LOOP_REQUIRES_VERSIONING_FOR_NITERS(L)         \
   (LOOP_VINFO_NITERS_ASSUMPTIONS (L))
 #define LOOP_REQUIRES_VERSIONING(L)                    \
Index: gcc/tree-vect-data-refs.c
===================================================================
--- gcc/tree-vect-data-refs.c   2017-05-18 07:51:23.307659382 +0100
+++ gcc/tree-vect-data-refs.c   2017-05-18 07:51:50.872904626 +0100
@@ -340,6 +340,26 @@ vect_analyze_data_ref_dependence (struct
     }
 
   loop_depth = index_in_loop_nest (loop->num, DDR_LOOP_NEST (ddr));
+
+  if (DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P (ddr))
+    /* For dependence distances of 2 or more, we have the option of
+       limiting VF or checking for an alias at runtime.  Prefer to check
+       at runtime if we can, to avoid limiting the VF unnecessarily when
+       the bases are in fact independent.
+
+       Note that the alias checks will be removed if the VF ends up
+       being small enough.  */
+    FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (DDR_DIST_VECTS (ddr), i, dist_v)
+      {
+       int dist = dist_v[loop_depth];
+       if (dist != 0 && !(dist > 0 && DDR_REVERSED_P (ddr)))
+         {
+           if (vect_mark_for_runtime_alias_test (ddr, loop_vinfo))
+             return false;
+           break;
+         }
+      }
+
   FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (DDR_DIST_VECTS (ddr), i, dist_v)
     {
       int dist = dist_v[loop_depth];
@@ -3017,6 +3037,44 @@ vect_no_alias_p (struct data_reference *
   return false;
 }
 
+/* Return true if the minimum nonzero dependence distance for loop LOOP_DEPTH
+   in DDR is >= VF.  */
+
+static bool
+dependence_distance_ge_vf (data_dependence_relation *ddr,
+                          unsigned int loop_depth, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT vf)
+{
+  if (DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (ddr) != NULL_TREE
+      || DDR_NUM_DIST_VECTS (ddr) == 0)
+    return false;
+
+  /* If the dependence is exact, we should have limited the VF instead.  */
+  gcc_checking_assert (DDR_COULD_BE_INDEPENDENT_P (ddr));
+
+  unsigned int i;
+  lambda_vector dist_v;
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (DDR_DIST_VECTS (ddr), i, dist_v)
+    {
+      HOST_WIDE_INT dist = dist_v[loop_depth];
+      if (dist != 0
+         && !(dist > 0 && DDR_REVERSED_P (ddr))
+         && (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) abs_hwi (dist) < vf)
+       return false;
+    }
+
+  if (dump_enabled_p ())
+    {
+      dump_printf_loc (MSG_NOTE, vect_location,
+                      "dependence distance between ");
+      dump_generic_expr (MSG_NOTE, TDF_SLIM, DR_REF (DDR_A (ddr)));
+      dump_printf (MSG_NOTE,  " and ");
+      dump_generic_expr (MSG_NOTE, TDF_SLIM, DR_REF (DDR_B (ddr)));
+      dump_printf (MSG_NOTE,  " is >= VF\n");
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
 /* Function vect_prune_runtime_alias_test_list.
 
    Prune a list of ddrs to be tested at run-time by versioning for alias.
@@ -3075,6 +3133,10 @@ vect_prune_runtime_alias_test_list (loop
 
   comp_alias_ddrs.create (may_alias_ddrs.length ());
 
+  unsigned int loop_depth
+    = index_in_loop_nest (LOOP_VINFO_LOOP (loop_vinfo)->num,
+                         LOOP_VINFO_LOOP_NEST (loop_vinfo));
+
   /* First, we collect all data ref pairs for aliasing checks.  */
   FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (may_alias_ddrs, i, ddr)
     {
@@ -3084,6 +3146,11 @@ vect_prune_runtime_alias_test_list (loop
       tree segment_length_a, segment_length_b;
       gimple *stmt_a, *stmt_b;
 
+      /* Ignore the alias if the VF we chose ended up being no greater
+        than the dependence distance.  */
+      if (dependence_distance_ge_vf (ddr, loop_depth, vect_factor))
+       continue;
+
       dr_a = DDR_A (ddr);
       stmt_a = DR_STMT (DDR_A (ddr));
       dr_group_first_a = GROUP_FIRST_ELEMENT (vinfo_for_stmt (stmt_a));
@@ -3294,10 +3361,6 @@ vect_prune_runtime_alias_test_list (loop
       return false;
     }
 
-  /* All alias checks have been resolved at compilation time.  */
-  if (!comp_alias_ddrs.length ())
-    LOOP_VINFO_MAY_ALIAS_DDRS (loop_vinfo).truncate (0);
-
   return true;
 }
 
Index: gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-3.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null   2017-05-17 17:16:48.996861112 +0100
+++ gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-3.c      2017-05-18 
07:51:50.870904826 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target vect_int } */
+/* { dg-additional-options "--param vect-max-version-for-alias-checks=0" } */
+
+/* Intended to be larger than any VF.  */
+#define GAP 128
+#define N (GAP * 3)
+
+struct s { int x[N + 1]; };
+struct t { struct s x[N + 1]; };
+struct u { int x[N + 1]; int y; };
+struct v { struct s s; };
+
+void
+f1 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a->x[i] += b->x[i];
+}
+
+void
+f2 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a[1].x[i] += b[2].x[i];
+}
+
+void
+f3 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a[1].x[i] += b[i].x[i];
+}
+
+void
+f4 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a[i].x[i] += b[i].x[i];
+}
+
+void
+f5 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a->x[i] += b->x[i + 1];
+}
+
+void
+f6 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a[1].x[i] += b[2].x[i + 1];
+}
+
+void
+f7 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a[1].x[i] += b[i].x[i + 1];
+}
+
+void
+f8 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a[i].x[i] += b[i].x[i + 1];
+}
+
+void
+f9 (struct s *a, struct t *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a->x[i] += b->x[1].x[i];
+}
+
+void
+f10 (struct s *a, struct t *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a->x[i] += b->x[i].x[i];
+}
+
+void
+f11 (struct u *a, struct u *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a->x[i] += b->x[i] + b[i].y;
+}
+
+void
+f12 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < GAP; ++i)
+    a->x[i + GAP] += b->x[i];
+}
+
+void
+f13 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < GAP * 2; ++i)
+    a->x[i + GAP] += b->x[i];
+}
+
+void
+f14 (struct v *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a->s.x[i] = b->x[i];
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "LOOP VECTORIZED" 14 "vect" } } */
Index: gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-4.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null   2017-05-17 17:16:48.996861112 +0100
+++ gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-4.c      2017-05-18 
07:51:50.870904826 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target vect_int } */
+/* { dg-additional-options "--param vect-max-version-for-alias-checks=0" } */
+
+#define N 16
+
+struct s1 { int a[N]; };
+struct s2 { struct s1 b; int c; };
+struct s3 { int d; struct s1 e; };
+union u { struct s2 f; struct s3 g; };
+
+/* We allow a and b to overlap arbitrarily.  */
+
+void
+f1 (int a[][N], int b[][N])
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a[0][i] += b[0][i];
+}
+
+void
+f2 (union u *a, union u *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    a->f.b.a[i] += b->g.e.a[i];
+}
+
+void
+f3 (struct s1 *a, struct s1 *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; ++i)
+    a->a[i + 1] += b->a[i];
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-not "LOOP VECTORIZED" "vect" } } */
Index: gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-5.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null   2017-05-17 17:16:48.996861112 +0100
+++ gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/vect/vect-alias-check-5.c      2017-05-18 
07:51:50.870904826 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target vect_int } */
+
+/* Intended to be larger than any VF.  */
+#define GAP 128
+#define N (GAP * 3)
+
+struct s { int x[N]; };
+
+void
+f1 (struct s *a, struct s *b)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < GAP * 2; ++i)
+    a->x[i + GAP] += b->x[i];
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "mark for run-time aliasing" 1 "vect" } } 
*/
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "improved number of alias checks from 1 
to 0" 1 "vect" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "LOOP VECTORIZED" 1 "vect" } } */

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