This patch implements a -fdiagnostics-format=json option which
converts the diagnostics to be output to stderr in a JSON format;
see the documentation in invoke.texi.

Logically-related diagnostics are nested at the JSON level, using
the auto_diagnostic_group mechanism.

gcc/ChangeLog:
        PR other/19165
        * Makefile.in (OBJS): Move json.o to...
        (OBJS-libcommon): ...here and add diagnostic-format-json.o.
        * common.opt (fdiagnostics-format=): New option.
        (diagnostics_output_format): New enum.
        * diagnostic-format-json.cc: New file.
        * diagnostic.c (default_diagnostic_final_cb): New function, taken
        from start of diagnostic_finish.
        (diagnostic_initialize): Initialize final_cb to
        default_diagnostic_final_cb.
        (diagnostic_finish): Move "being treated as errors" messages to
        default_diagnostic_final_cb.  Call any final_cb.
        * diagnostic.h (enum diagnostics_output_format): New enum.
        (struct diagnostic_context): Add "final_cb".
        (diagnostic_output_format_init): New decl.
        * doc/invoke.texi (-fdiagnostics-format): New option.
        * dwarf2out.c (gen_producer_string): Ignore
        OPT_fdiagnostics_format_.
        * gcc.c (driver_handle_option): Handle OPT_fdiagnostics_format_.
        * lto-wrapper.c (append_diag_options): Ignore it.
        * opts.c (common_handle_option): Handle it.
---
 gcc/Makefile.in               |   2 +-
 gcc/common.opt                |  17 +++
 gcc/diagnostic-format-json.cc | 265 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 gcc/diagnostic.c              |  40 ++++---
 gcc/diagnostic.h              |  16 +++
 gcc/doc/invoke.texi           |  78 +++++++++++++
 gcc/dwarf2out.c               |   1 +
 gcc/gcc.c                     |   5 +
 gcc/lto-wrapper.c             |   1 +
 gcc/opts.c                    |   5 +
 10 files changed, 414 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/diagnostic-format-json.cc

diff --git a/gcc/Makefile.in b/gcc/Makefile.in
index 16c9ed6..9534d59 100644
--- a/gcc/Makefile.in
+++ b/gcc/Makefile.in
@@ -1395,7 +1395,6 @@ OBJS = \
        ira-color.o \
        ira-emit.o \
        ira-lives.o \
-       json.o \
        jump.o \
        langhooks.o \
        lcm.o \
@@ -1619,6 +1618,7 @@ OBJS = \
 # Objects in libcommon.a, potentially used by all host binaries and with
 # no target dependencies.
 OBJS-libcommon = diagnostic.o diagnostic-color.o diagnostic-show-locus.o \
+       diagnostic-format-json.o json.o \
        edit-context.o \
        pretty-print.o intl.o \
        sbitmap.o \
diff --git a/gcc/common.opt b/gcc/common.opt
index 5a5d332..2f669f6 100644
--- a/gcc/common.opt
+++ b/gcc/common.opt
@@ -1273,6 +1273,23 @@ Enum(diagnostic_color_rule) String(always) 
Value(DIAGNOSTICS_COLOR_YES)
 EnumValue
 Enum(diagnostic_color_rule) String(auto) Value(DIAGNOSTICS_COLOR_AUTO)
 
+fdiagnostics-format=
+Common Joined RejectNegative Enum(diagnostics_output_format)
+-fdiagnostics-format=[text|json] Select output format
+
+; Required for these enum values.
+SourceInclude
+diagnostic.h
+
+Enum
+Name(diagnostics_output_format) Type(int)
+
+EnumValue
+Enum(diagnostics_output_format) String(text) 
Value(DIAGNOSTICS_OUTPUT_FORMAT_TEXT)
+
+EnumValue
+Enum(diagnostics_output_format) String(json) 
Value(DIAGNOSTICS_OUTPUT_FORMAT_JSON)
+
 fdiagnostics-parseable-fixits
 Common Var(flag_diagnostics_parseable_fixits)
 Print fix-it hints in machine-readable form.
diff --git a/gcc/diagnostic-format-json.cc b/gcc/diagnostic-format-json.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7860696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/diagnostic-format-json.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/* JSON output for diagnostics
+   Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by David Malcolm <dmalc...@redhat.com>.
+
+This file is part of GCC.
+
+GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+version.
+
+GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "diagnostic.h"
+#include "json.h"
+
+/* The top-level JSON array of pending diagnostics.  */
+
+static json::array *toplevel_array;
+
+/* The JSON object for the current diagnostic group.  */
+
+static json::object *cur_group;
+
+/* The JSON array for the "children" array within the current diagnostic
+   group.  */
+
+static json::array *cur_children_array;
+
+/* Generate a JSON object for LOC.  */
+
+static json::object *
+json_from_expanded_location (location_t loc)
+{
+  expanded_location exploc = expand_location (loc);
+  json::object *result = new json::object ();
+  result->set ("file", new json::string (exploc.file));
+  result->set ("line", new json::number (exploc.line));
+  result->set ("column", new json::number (exploc.column));
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Generate a JSON object for LOC_RANGE.  */
+
+static json::object *
+json_from_location_range (const location_range *loc_range, unsigned range_idx)
+{
+  location_t caret_loc = get_pure_location (loc_range->m_loc);
+
+  if (caret_loc == UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+    return NULL;
+
+  location_t start_loc = get_start (loc_range->m_loc);
+  location_t finish_loc = get_finish (loc_range->m_loc);
+
+  json::object *result = new json::object ();
+  result->set ("caret", json_from_expanded_location (caret_loc));
+  if (start_loc != caret_loc)
+    result->set ("start", json_from_expanded_location (start_loc));
+  if (finish_loc != caret_loc)
+    result->set ("finish", json_from_expanded_location (finish_loc));
+
+  if (loc_range->m_label)
+    {
+      label_text text;
+      text = loc_range->m_label->get_text (range_idx);
+      if (text.m_buffer)
+       result->set ("label", new json::string (text.m_buffer));
+      text.maybe_free ();
+    }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Generate a JSON object for HINT.  */
+
+static json::object *
+json_from_fixit_hint (const fixit_hint *hint)
+{
+  json::object *fixit_obj = new json::object ();
+
+  location_t start_loc = hint->get_start_loc ();
+  fixit_obj->set ("start", json_from_expanded_location (start_loc));
+  location_t next_loc = hint->get_next_loc ();
+  fixit_obj->set ("next", json_from_expanded_location (next_loc));
+  fixit_obj->set ("string", new json::string (hint->get_string ()));
+
+  return fixit_obj;
+}
+
+/* No-op implementation of "begin_diagnostic" for JSON output.  */
+
+static void
+json_begin_diagnostic (diagnostic_context *, diagnostic_info *)
+{
+}
+
+/* Implementation of "end_diagnostic" for JSON output.
+   Generate a JSON object for DIAGNOSTIC, and store for output
+   within current diagnostic group.  */
+
+static void
+json_end_diagnostic (diagnostic_context *context, diagnostic_info *diagnostic)
+{
+  json::object *diag_obj = new json::object ();
+
+  /* Get "kind" of diagnostic.  */
+  {
+    static const char *const diagnostic_kind_text[] = {
+#define DEFINE_DIAGNOSTIC_KIND(K, T, C) (T),
+#include "diagnostic.def"
+#undef DEFINE_DIAGNOSTIC_KIND
+      "must-not-happen"
+    };
+    /* Lose the trailing ": ".  */
+    const char *kind_text = diagnostic_kind_text[diagnostic->kind];
+    size_t len = strlen (kind_text);
+    gcc_assert (len > 2);
+    gcc_assert (kind_text[len - 2] == ':');
+    gcc_assert (kind_text[len - 1] == ' ');
+    char *rstrip = xstrdup (kind_text);
+    rstrip[len - 2] = '\0';
+    diag_obj->set ("kind", new json::string (rstrip));
+    free (rstrip);
+  }
+
+  // FIXME: encoding of the message (json::string requires UTF-8)
+  diag_obj->set ("message",
+                new json::string (pp_formatted_text (context->printer)));
+  pp_clear_output_area (context->printer);
+
+  // FIXME: get this from inside diagnostic_report_diagnostic
+  diagnostic_t orig_diag_kind = diagnostic->kind;
+  char *option_text;
+  option_text = context->option_name (context, diagnostic->option_index,
+                                     orig_diag_kind, diagnostic->kind);
+  if (option_text)
+    {
+      diag_obj->set ("option", new json::string (option_text));
+      free (option_text);
+    }
+
+  /* If we've already emitted a diagnostic within this auto_diagnostic_group,
+     then add diag_obj to its "children" array.  */
+  if (cur_group)
+    {
+      gcc_assert (cur_children_array);
+      cur_children_array->append (diag_obj);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Otherwise, make diag_obj be the top-level object within the group;
+        add a "children" array.  */
+      toplevel_array->append (diag_obj);
+      cur_group = diag_obj;
+      cur_children_array = new json::array ();
+      diag_obj->set ("children", cur_children_array);
+    }
+
+  const rich_location *richloc = diagnostic->richloc;
+
+  json::array *loc_array = new json::array ();
+  diag_obj->set ("locations", loc_array);
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < richloc->get_num_locations (); i++)
+    {
+      const location_range *loc_range = richloc->get_range (i);
+      json::object *loc_obj = json_from_location_range (loc_range, i);
+      if (loc_obj)
+       loc_array->append (loc_obj);
+    }
+
+  if (richloc->get_num_fixit_hints ())
+    {
+      json::array *fixit_array = new json::array ();
+      diag_obj->set ("fixits", fixit_array);
+      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < richloc->get_num_fixit_hints (); i++)
+       {
+         const fixit_hint *hint = richloc->get_fixit_hint (i);
+         json::object *fixit_obj = json_from_fixit_hint (hint);
+         fixit_array->append (fixit_obj);
+       }
+    }
+
+  /* TODO: tree-ish things:
+     TODO: functions
+     TODO: inlining information
+     TODO: macro expansion information.  */
+}
+
+/* No-op implementation of "begin_group_cb" for JSON output.  */
+
+static void
+json_begin_group (diagnostic_context *)
+{
+}
+
+/* Implementation of "end_group_cb" for JSON output.  */
+
+static void
+json_end_group (diagnostic_context *)
+{
+  cur_group = NULL;
+  cur_children_array = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Callback for final cleanup for JSON output.  */
+
+static void
+json_final_cb (diagnostic_context *)
+{
+  /* Flush the top-level array.  */
+  toplevel_array->dump (stderr);
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+  delete toplevel_array;
+  toplevel_array = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Set the output format for CONTEXT to FORMAT.  */
+
+void
+diagnostic_output_format_init (diagnostic_context *context,
+                              enum diagnostics_output_format format)
+{
+  switch (format)
+    {
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    case DIAGNOSTICS_OUTPUT_FORMAT_TEXT:
+      /* The default; do nothing.  */
+      break;
+
+    case DIAGNOSTICS_OUTPUT_FORMAT_JSON:
+      {
+       /* Set up top-level JSON array.  */
+       if (toplevel_array == NULL)
+         toplevel_array = new json::array ();
+
+       /* Override callbacks.  */
+       context->begin_diagnostic = json_begin_diagnostic;
+       context->end_diagnostic = json_end_diagnostic;
+       context->begin_group_cb = json_begin_group;
+       context->end_group_cb =  json_end_group;
+       context->final_cb =  json_final_cb;
+
+       /* The option is handled in JSON format, rather than as text.  */
+       context->show_option_requested = false;
+
+       /* Don't colorize the text.  */
+       pp_show_color (context->printer) = false;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/gcc/diagnostic.c b/gcc/diagnostic.c
index 3d86a21..96d170d 100644
--- a/gcc/diagnostic.c
+++ b/gcc/diagnostic.c
@@ -131,6 +131,28 @@ diagnostic_set_caret_max_width (diagnostic_context 
*context, int value)
   context->caret_max_width = value;
 }
 
+/* Default implementation of final_cb.  */
+
+static void
+default_diagnostic_final_cb (diagnostic_context *context)
+{
+  /* Some of the errors may actually have been warnings.  */
+  if (diagnostic_kind_count (context, DK_WERROR))
+    {
+      /* -Werror was given.  */
+      if (context->warning_as_error_requested)
+       pp_verbatim (context->printer,
+                    _("%s: all warnings being treated as errors"),
+                    progname);
+      /* At least one -Werror= was given.  */
+      else
+       pp_verbatim (context->printer,
+                    _("%s: some warnings being treated as errors"),
+                    progname);
+      pp_newline_and_flush (context->printer);
+    }
+}
+
 /* Initialize the diagnostic message outputting machinery.  */
 void
 diagnostic_initialize (diagnostic_context *context, int n_opts)
@@ -185,6 +207,7 @@ diagnostic_initialize (diagnostic_context *context, int 
n_opts)
   context->diagnostic_group_emission_count = 0;
   context->begin_group_cb = NULL;
   context->end_group_cb = NULL;
+  context->final_cb = default_diagnostic_final_cb;
 }
 
 /* Maybe initialize the color support. We require clients to do this
@@ -220,21 +243,8 @@ diagnostic_color_init (diagnostic_context *context, int 
value /*= -1 */)
 void
 diagnostic_finish (diagnostic_context *context)
 {
-  /* Some of the errors may actually have been warnings.  */
-  if (diagnostic_kind_count (context, DK_WERROR))
-    {
-      /* -Werror was given.  */
-      if (context->warning_as_error_requested)
-       pp_verbatim (context->printer,
-                    _("%s: all warnings being treated as errors"),
-                    progname);
-      /* At least one -Werror= was given.  */
-      else
-       pp_verbatim (context->printer,
-                    _("%s: some warnings being treated as errors"),
-                    progname);
-      pp_newline_and_flush (context->printer);
-    }
+  if (context->final_cb)
+    context->final_cb (context);
 
   diagnostic_file_cache_fini ();
 
diff --git a/gcc/diagnostic.h b/gcc/diagnostic.h
index 3498a9b..5fa1902 100644
--- a/gcc/diagnostic.h
+++ b/gcc/diagnostic.h
@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #include "pretty-print.h"
 #include "diagnostic-core.h"
 
+/* Enum for overriding the standard output format.  */
+
+enum diagnostics_output_format
+{
+  /* The default: textual output.  */
+  DIAGNOSTICS_OUTPUT_FORMAT_TEXT,
+
+  /* JSON-based output.  */
+  DIAGNOSTICS_OUTPUT_FORMAT_JSON
+};
+
 /* A diagnostic is described by the MESSAGE to send, the FILE and LINE of
    its context and its KIND (ice, error, warning, note, ...)  See complete
    list in diagnostic.def.  */
@@ -243,6 +254,9 @@ struct diagnostic_context
   /* If non-NULL, this will be called when a stack of groups is
      popped if any diagnostics were emitted within that group.  */
   void (*end_group_cb) (diagnostic_context * context);
+
+  /* Callback for final cleanup.  */
+  void (*final_cb) (diagnostic_context *context);
 };
 
 static inline void
@@ -401,5 +415,7 @@ extern char *file_name_as_prefix (diagnostic_context *, 
const char *);
 
 extern char *build_message_string (const char *, ...) ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_1;
 
+extern void diagnostic_output_format_init (diagnostic_context *,
+                                          enum diagnostics_output_format);
 
 #endif /* ! GCC_DIAGNOSTIC_H */
diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
index f26ada0..885eff6 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialects}.
 @gccoptlist{-fmessage-length=@var{n}  @gol
 -fdiagnostics-show-location=@r{[}once@r{|}every-line@r{]}  @gol
 -fdiagnostics-color=@r{[}auto@r{|}never@r{|}always@r{]}  @gol
+-fdiagnostics-format=@r{[}text@r{|}json@r{]}  @gol
 -fno-diagnostics-show-option  -fno-diagnostics-show-caret @gol
 -fno-diagnostics-show-labels -fno-diagnostics-show-line-numbers @gol
 -fdiagnostics-minimum-margin-width=@var{width} @gol
@@ -3948,6 +3949,83 @@ Do not print column numbers in diagnostics.  This may be 
necessary if
 diagnostics are being scanned by a program that does not understand the
 column numbers, such as @command{dejagnu}.
 
+@item -fdiagnostics-format=@var{FORMAT}
+@opindex fdiagnostics-format
+Select a different format for printing diagnostics.
+@var{FORMAT} is @samp{text} or @samp{json}.
+The default is @samp{text}.
+
+The JSON format consists of a top-level JSON array containing JSON
+objects representing the diagnostics, where diagnostics can have
+child diagnostics.
+
+For example, this error and note:
+
+@smallexample
+misleading-indentation.c:15:3: warning: this 'if' clause does not
+  guard... [-Wmisleading-indentation]
+   15 |   if (flag)
+      |   ^~
+misleading-indentation.c:17:5: note: ...this statement, but the latter
+  is misleadingly indented as if it were guarded by the 'if'
+   17 |     y = 2;
+      |     ^
+@end smallexample
+
+@noindent
+might be printed in JSON form like this:
+
+@smallexample
+[
+    @{
+        "children": [
+            @{
+                "kind": "note",
+                "locations": [
+                    @{
+                        "caret": @{
+                            "column": 5,
+                            "file": "misleading-indentation.c",
+                            "line": 17
+                        @}
+                    @}
+                ],
+                "message": "...this statement, but the latter is misleadingly 
indented as if it were guarded by the \u2018if\u2019"
+            @}
+        ],
+        "kind": "warning",
+        "locations": [
+            @{
+                "caret": @{
+                    "column": 3,
+                    "file": "misleading-indentation.c",
+                    "line": 15
+                @},
+                "finish": @{
+                    "column": 4,
+                    "file": "misleading-indentation.c",
+                    "line": 15
+                @}
+            @}
+        ],
+        "message": "this \u2018if\u2019 clause does not guard...",
+        "option": "-Wmisleading-indentation"
+    @},
+    @dots{}
+]
+@end smallexample
+
+@noindent
+where the @code{note} is a child of the @code{warning}.
+
+A diagnostic has a @code{kind}.  If this is @code{warning}, then there is
+an @code{option} key describing the command-line option controlling the
+warning.
+
+A diagnostic can contain zero or more locations.  Each location has up
+to three positions within it: a @code{caret} position, and, optional
+@code{start} and @code{finish} positions.
+
 @end table
 
 @node Warning Options
diff --git a/gcc/dwarf2out.c b/gcc/dwarf2out.c
index 8b478aa..4fb0527 100644
--- a/gcc/dwarf2out.c
+++ b/gcc/dwarf2out.c
@@ -24267,6 +24267,7 @@ gen_producer_string (void)
       case OPT_fdiagnostics_show_labels:
       case OPT_fdiagnostics_show_line_numbers:
       case OPT_fdiagnostics_color_:
+      case OPT_fdiagnostics_format_:
       case OPT_fverbose_asm:
       case OPT____:
       case OPT__sysroot_:
diff --git a/gcc/gcc.c b/gcc/gcc.c
index c0d17eb..afc18b3 100644
--- a/gcc/gcc.c
+++ b/gcc/gcc.c
@@ -4001,6 +4001,11 @@ driver_handle_option (struct gcc_options *opts,
       diagnostic_color_init (dc, value);
       break;
 
+    case OPT_fdiagnostics_format_:
+      diagnostic_output_format_init (dc,
+                                    (enum diagnostics_output_format)value);
+      break;
+
     case OPT_Wa_:
       {
        int prev, j;
diff --git a/gcc/lto-wrapper.c b/gcc/lto-wrapper.c
index 2b9d47e..90d8c1c 100644
--- a/gcc/lto-wrapper.c
+++ b/gcc/lto-wrapper.c
@@ -646,6 +646,7 @@ append_diag_options (obstack *argv_obstack, struct 
cl_decoded_option *opts,
       switch (option->opt_index)
        {
        case OPT_fdiagnostics_color_:
+       case OPT_fdiagnostics_format_:
        case OPT_fdiagnostics_show_caret:
        case OPT_fdiagnostics_show_labels:
        case OPT_fdiagnostics_show_line_numbers:
diff --git a/gcc/opts.c b/gcc/opts.c
index 34c283d..514e7f6 100644
--- a/gcc/opts.c
+++ b/gcc/opts.c
@@ -2220,6 +2220,11 @@ common_handle_option (struct gcc_options *opts,
       diagnostic_color_init (dc, value);
       break;
 
+    case OPT_fdiagnostics_format_:
+      diagnostic_output_format_init (dc,
+                                    (enum diagnostics_output_format)value);
+      break;
+
     case OPT_fdiagnostics_parseable_fixits:
       dc->parseable_fixits_p = value;
       break;
-- 
1.8.5.3

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