The below testcase demonstrates that completion of the substituted
context during lookup_template_class can end up registering the desired
specialization for us in more cases than r13-1045-gcb7fd1ea85feea
anticipated.  In particular, it can happen for a non-dependent
specialization of a nested class as well.

During overload resolution with A's guides, we substitute the deduced
argument T=int into the TYPENAME_TYPE B::C (*).  This substitution calls
lookup_template_class for A<T>::B with T=int, which completes A<int>
for the first time, which recursively registers the desired specialization
of B for us.  The parent call to lookup_template_class then tries
registering the same specialization, which leads to a crash.

This patch fixes this by making lookup_template_class check the
specializations table after completion of the context iff necessary,
i.e. when the call to complete_type actually has an effect.

(*): Note that the TYPE_CONTEXT of this TYPENAME_TYPE is just the
RECORD_TYPE B instead of TYPENAME_TYPE A<T>::B.  Is this expected?
I'd think maybe_dependent_member_ref would rewrite the reference to B
in terms of another TYPENAME_TYPE.  This is why the testcase needs to
use 'typename B::C' instead of just 'B' -- maybe_dependent_member_ref
rewrites the use of B in the latter case but not the former.

Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
trunk?

        PR c++/105982

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

        * pt.cc (lookup_template_class): After completion of the
        substituted context, check the table again iff the type was
        previously incomplete and complete_type made it complete.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

        * g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction111.C: New test.
---
 gcc/cp/pt.cc                                  | 21 +++++++++++--------
 .../g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction111.C         | 10 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction111.C

diff --git a/gcc/cp/pt.cc b/gcc/cp/pt.cc
index 28edc6ae988..eeae867a816 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/pt.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/pt.cc
@@ -10089,16 +10089,19 @@ lookup_template_class (tree d1, tree arglist, tree 
in_decl, tree context,
            {
              context = tsubst_aggr_type (context, arglist,
                                          complain, in_decl, true);
-             context = complete_type (context);
-             if (is_dependent_type && arg_depth > 1)
+             /* Try completing the enclosing context if it's not already so.  
*/
+             if (context != error_mark_node
+                 && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (context))
                {
-                 /* If this is a dependent nested specialization such as
-                    A<T>::B<U> [with T=int, U=U], then completion of A<int>
-                    could have caused to register the desired specialization
-                    of B already, so check the table again (33959).  */
-                 entry = type_specializations->find_with_hash (&elt, hash);
-                 if (entry)
-                   return entry->spec;
+                 context = complete_type (context);
+                 if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (context))
+                   {
+                     /* Completion could have caused us to register the desired
+                        specialization for us, so check the table again.  */
+                     entry = type_specializations->find_with_hash (&elt, hash);
+                     if (entry)
+                       return entry->spec;
+                   }
                }
            }
        }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction111.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction111.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2406529ea5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/class-deduction111.C
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// PR c++/105982
+// { dg-do compile { target c++17 } }
+
+template<class T>
+struct A {
+  struct B { struct C { }; };
+  A(T, typename B::C);
+};
+
+A a(0, {});
-- 
2.37.0.rc1

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