Tested x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, applying to trunk.

-- 8< --

Here, when dealing with a class with a complex subobject structure, we would
try and fail to find the relevant FIELD_DECL for an empty base before giving
up.  And we would do this at each level, in a combinatorially problematic
way.  Instead, we should check for an empty base first.

        PR c++/109678

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

        * constexpr.cc (cxx_fold_indirect_ref_1): Handle empty base first.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

        * g++.dg/cpp1z/variant1.C: New test.
---
 gcc/cp/constexpr.cc                   | 23 +++++++------
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/variant1.C | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/variant1.C

diff --git a/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc b/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
index d1097764b10..37d1c444c9e 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/constexpr.cc
@@ -5446,6 +5446,19 @@ cxx_fold_indirect_ref_1 (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, 
location_t loc, tree type,
                  return ret;
              }
          }
+
+      /* Handle conversion to an empty base class, which is represented with a
+        NOP_EXPR.  Do this before spelunking into the non-empty subobjects,
+        which is likely to be a waste of time (109678).  */
+      if (is_empty_class (type)
+         && CLASS_TYPE_P (optype)
+         && DERIVED_FROM_P (type, optype))
+       {
+         if (empty_base)
+           *empty_base = true;
+         return op;
+       }
+
       for (tree field = TYPE_FIELDS (optype);
           field; field = DECL_CHAIN (field))
        if (TREE_CODE (field) == FIELD_DECL
@@ -5468,16 +5481,6 @@ cxx_fold_indirect_ref_1 (const constexpr_ctx *ctx, 
location_t loc, tree type,
                  return ret;
              }
          }
-      /* Also handle conversion to an empty base class, which
-        is represented with a NOP_EXPR.  */
-      if (is_empty_class (type)
-         && CLASS_TYPE_P (optype)
-         && DERIVED_FROM_P (type, optype))
-       {
-         if (empty_base)
-           *empty_base = true;
-         return op;
-       }
     }
 
   return NULL_TREE;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/variant1.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/variant1.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b18cc233ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp1z/variant1.C
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// PR c++/109678
+// With the bug, compiling this testcase takes more than the typical timeout.
+// { dg-do compile { target c++17 } }
+
+#include <variant>
+
+struct A {};
+struct B {};
+struct C {};
+struct D {};
+struct E {};
+struct F {};
+struct G {};
+struct H {};
+struct I {};
+struct J {};
+struct K {};
+struct L {};
+struct M {};
+struct N {};
+struct O {};
+struct P {};
+struct Q {};
+struct R {};
+struct S {};
+struct T {};
+struct U {};
+struct V {};
+struct W {
+    // gcc13 + compiler explorer = 20000ms 
+    // gcc12.2 + compiler explorer =   400ms
+    int i;
+};
+struct X {};
+struct Y {};
+struct Z {};
+
+using Foo = std::variant<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, 
S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z>;
+
+struct Bar {
+    Foo f;
+    static Bar dummy() {
+        // issue is triggered by this initialization
+        return {Z{}};
+        // return {A{}}; // would be very quick
+    }
+};

base-commit: bc24c51c0ccd64617864897ad071c98004ffc0a4
-- 
2.31.1

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