For the testcase added with this patch, we would end up losing the:

  #pragma GCC unroll 4

and emitting "warning: ignoring loop annotation".  That warning comes
from tree-cfg.cc:replace_loop_annotate, and means that we failed to
process the ANNOTATE_EXPR in tree-cfg.cc:replace_loop_annotate_in_block.
That function walks backwards over the GIMPLE in an exiting BB for a
loop, skipping over the final gcond, and looks for any ANNOTATE_EXPRS
immediately preceding the gcond.

The function documents the following pre-condition:

   /* [...] We assume that the annotations come immediately before the
      condition in BB, if any.  */

now looking at the exiting BB of the loop, we have:

  <bb 8> :
  D.4524 = .ANNOTATE (iftmp.1, 1, 4);
  retval.0 = D.4524;
  if (retval.0 != 0)
    goto <bb 3>; [INV]
  else
    goto <bb 9>; [INV]

and crucially there is an intervening assignment between the gcond and
the preceding .ANNOTATE ifn call.  To see where this comes from, we can
look to the IR given by -fdump-tree-original:

  if (<<cleanup_point ANNOTATE_EXPR <first != last && !use_find(short
    int*)::<lambda(short int)>::operator() (&pred, *first), unroll 4>>>)
    goto <D.4518>;
  else
    goto <D.4516>;

here the problem is that we've wrapped a CLEANUP_POINT_EXPR around the
ANNOTATE_EXPR, meaning the ANNOTATE_EXPR is no longer the outermost
expression in the condition.

The CLEANUP_POINT_EXPR gets added by the following call chain:

finish_while_stmt_cond
 -> maybe_convert_cond
 -> condition_conversion
 -> fold_build_cleanup_point_expr

this patch chooses to fix the issue in maybe_convert_cond by walking through
any ANNOTATE_EXPRs and doing any condition conversion on the inner expression,
leaving the ANNOTATE_EXPRs (if any) as the outermost expressions in the
condition.

With this patch, we don't get any such warning and the loop gets unrolled as
expected at -O2.

Bootstrapped/regtested on aarch64-linux-gnu, OK for trunk?

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

        PR libstdc++/116140
        * semantics.cc (maybe_convert_cond): Ensure any ANNOTATE_EXPRs
        remain the outermost expression(s) of the condition.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

        PR libstdc++/116140
        * g++.dg/ext/pragma-unroll-lambda.C: New test.
---
 gcc/cp/semantics.cc                           | 26 ++++++++++++-------
 .../g++.dg/ext/pragma-unroll-lambda.C         | 17 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ext/pragma-unroll-lambda.C

diff --git a/gcc/cp/semantics.cc b/gcc/cp/semantics.cc
index e58612660c9..8634a188458 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/semantics.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/semantics.cc
@@ -966,25 +966,33 @@ maybe_convert_cond (tree cond)
   if (type_dependent_expression_p (cond))
     return cond;
 
+  /* If the condition has any ANNOTATE_EXPRs, those must remain the outermost
+     expressions of the condition.  Walk through these, performing the condition
+     conversion in place on the inner expression.  */
+  tree *condp = &cond;
+  while (TREE_CODE (*condp) == ANNOTATE_EXPR)
+    condp = &TREE_OPERAND (*condp, 0);
+
   /* For structured binding used in condition, the conversion needs to be
      evaluated before the individual variables are initialized in the
      std::tuple_{size,elemenet} case.  cp_finish_decomp saved the conversion
      result in a TARGET_EXPR, pick it up from there.  */
-  if (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (cond)
-      && DECL_DECOMP_IS_BASE (cond)
-      && DECL_DECOMP_BASE (cond)
-      && TREE_CODE (DECL_DECOMP_BASE (cond)) == TARGET_EXPR)
-    cond = TARGET_EXPR_SLOT (DECL_DECOMP_BASE (cond));
+  if (DECL_DECOMPOSITION_P (*condp)
+      && DECL_DECOMP_IS_BASE (*condp)
+      && DECL_DECOMP_BASE (*condp)
+      && TREE_CODE (DECL_DECOMP_BASE (*condp)) == TARGET_EXPR)
+    *condp = TARGET_EXPR_SLOT (DECL_DECOMP_BASE (*condp));
 
   if (warn_sequence_point && !processing_template_decl)
-    verify_sequence_points (cond);
+    verify_sequence_points (*condp);
 
-  maybe_warn_unparenthesized_assignment (cond, /*nested_p=*/false,
+  maybe_warn_unparenthesized_assignment (*condp, /*nested_p=*/false,
 					 tf_warning_or_error);
 
   /* Do the conversion.  */
-  cond = convert_from_reference (cond);
-  return condition_conversion (cond);
+  *condp = convert_from_reference (*condp);
+  *condp = condition_conversion (*condp);
+  return cond;
 }
 
 /* Finish an expression-statement, whose EXPRESSION is as indicated.  */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ext/pragma-unroll-lambda.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ext/pragma-unroll-lambda.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f410f6d8d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/ext/pragma-unroll-lambda.C
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
+
+template<typename Iter, typename Pred>
+inline Iter
+my_find(Iter first, Iter last, Pred pred)
+{
+#pragma GCC unroll 4
+    while (first != last && !pred(*first))
+        ++first;
+    return first;
+}
+
+short *use_find(short *p)
+{
+    auto pred = [](short x) { return x == 42; };
+    return my_find(p, p + 1024, pred);
+}

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