This patch adjusts the implementation of bind_front(f) and bind_back(f)
(with zero bound arguments), so it returns an auto(f) (a copy of the
functor), rather than a specialization of Bind_front/Bind_back. This change
is mostly unobservable, as standard does not specify return type of
above functions, but may result in elision of move/copy operations when
by-value parameters are initialized with prvalues. See the update to
testMaterialization.

This behavior is technically not allowed by C++23 [func.require] p3,
which requires that rvalue arguments are delivered as rvalue references,
forcing their materialization. I have reported a LWG issue to make this
conforming.

The _Bind_front_t/_Bind_back_t aliases were removed, as the aliased types
are now spelled only once.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

        * include/std/functional (_Bind_front_t, _Bind_back_t): Remove.
        (std::bind_front, std::bind_back): Return copy of __fn for
        zero bounds args.
        (_Bind_front, _Bind_back): Remove check for move constructor
        of _Fd, that is now part of bind_xxx functors.
        * testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_back/1.cc: Updated
        testMaterialization.
        * testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_front/1.cc: Likewise.

Signed-off-by: Tomasz Kamiński <tkami...@redhat.com>
---
This is implemented on top of 20250820081809.50754-1-tkami...@redhat.com.
Do we think that this is OK for trunk? As mentioned technically not
conforming, I do not think user will care about extra move.

The goal here, would be able to say that bind_front<f>(args...) is 
bind_front(nttp<f>, args...).

Tested on x86_64-linux. 

 libstdc++-v3/include/std/functional           | 37 ++++++++++---------
 .../20_util/function_objects/bind_back/1.cc   |  5 ++-
 .../20_util/function_objects/bind_front/1.cc  |  5 ++-
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/functional 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/functional
index b1cda87929d..c8699ac849f 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/functional
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/functional
@@ -973,7 +973,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   template<typename _Fd, typename... _BoundArgs>
     struct _Bind_front
     {
-      static_assert(is_move_constructible_v<_Fd>);
       static_assert((is_move_constructible_v<_BoundArgs> && ...));
 
       // First parameter is to ensure this constructor is never used
@@ -1081,9 +1080,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       [[no_unique_address]] _BoundArgsStorage _M_bound_args;
     };
 
-  template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
-    using _Bind_front_t = _Bind_front<decay_t<_Fn>, decay_t<_Args>...>;
-
   /** Create call wrapper by partial application of arguments to function.
    *
    * The result of `std::bind_front(f, args...)` is a function object that
@@ -1094,13 +1090,18 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
    *  @since C++20
    */
   template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
-    constexpr _Bind_front_t<_Fn, _Args...>
+    constexpr auto
     bind_front(_Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)
-    noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Bind_front_t<_Fn, _Args...>,
-                                       int, _Fn, _Args...>)
+    noexcept(__and_<is_nothrow_constructible<decay_t<_Fn>, _Fn>,
+                   is_nothrow_constructible<decay_t<_Args>, _Args>...>::value)
     {
-      return _Bind_front_t<_Fn, _Args...>(0, std::forward<_Fn>(__fn),
-                                         std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
+      using _Fd = decay_t<_Fn>;
+      static_assert(is_move_constructible_v<_Fd>);
+      if constexpr (sizeof...(_Args) == 0)
+       return _Fd(std::forward<_Fn>(__fn));
+      else
+       return _Bind_front<_Fd, decay_t<_Args>...>(0, std::forward<_Fn>(__fn),
+                                                  
std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
     }
 #endif // __cpp_lib_bind_front
 
@@ -1158,9 +1159,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       [[no_unique_address]] _BoundArgsStorage _M_bound_args;
     };
 
-  template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
-    using _Bind_back_t = _Bind_back<decay_t<_Fn>, decay_t<_Args>...>;
-
   /** Create call wrapper by partial application of arguments to function.
    *
    * The result of `std::bind_back(f, args...)` is a function object that
@@ -1171,13 +1169,18 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
    *  @since C++23
    */
   template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
-    constexpr _Bind_back_t<_Fn, _Args...>
+    constexpr auto
     bind_back(_Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)
-    noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Bind_back_t<_Fn, _Args...>,
-                                       int, _Fn, _Args...>)
+    noexcept(__and_<is_nothrow_constructible<decay_t<_Fn>, _Fn>,
+                   is_nothrow_constructible<decay_t<_Args>, _Args>...>::value)
     {
-      return _Bind_back_t<_Fn, _Args...>(0, std::forward<_Fn>(__fn),
-                                        std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
+      using _Fd = decay_t<_Fn>;
+      static_assert(is_move_constructible_v<_Fd>);
+      if constexpr (sizeof...(_Args) == 0)
+       return _Fd(std::forward<_Fn>(__fn));
+      else
+       return _Bind_back<_Fd, decay_t<_Args>...>(0, std::forward<_Fn>(__fn),
+                                                 
std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
     }
 #endif // __cpp_lib_bind_back
 
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_back/1.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_back/1.cc
index a31528fc755..ef7531f0045 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_back/1.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_back/1.cc
@@ -290,10 +290,11 @@ testMaterialization()
     { return arg.counter; };
   };
 
-  // CountedArg is bound to rvalue-reference thus moved
+  // copy of F is returned
   auto f0 = std::bind_back(F{});
-  VERIFY( f0(CountedArg(), 10) == 1 );
+  VERIFY( f0(CountedArg(), 10) == 0 );
 
+  // CountedArg is bound to rvalue-reference thus moved
   auto f1 = std::bind_back(F{}, 10);
   VERIFY( f1(CountedArg()) == 1 );
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_front/1.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_front/1.cc
index ef28de8321b..5b0ae3772ab 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_front/1.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_objects/bind_front/1.cc
@@ -288,10 +288,11 @@ testMaterialization()
     { return arg.counter; };
   };
 
-  // CountedArg is bound to rvalue-reference thus moved
+  // copy of F is returned
   auto f0 = std::bind_front(F{});
-  VERIFY( f0(10, CountedArg()) == 1 );
+  VERIFY( f0(10, CountedArg()) == 0 );
 
+  // CountedArg is bound to rvalue-reference thus moved
   auto f1 = std::bind_front(F{}, 10);
   VERIFY( f1(CountedArg()) == 1 );
 }
-- 
2.50.1

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