Commit 0547dbb725b reduced the number of cases in which
union padding bits are zeroed when the relevant language
standard does not strictly require it, unless gcc was
invoked with -fzero-init-padding-bits=unions or
-fzero-init-padding-bits=all in order to explicitly
request zeroing of padding bits.
This commit adds a closely related warning,
-Wzero-init-padding-bits=, which is intended to help
programmers to find code that might now need to be
rewritten or recompiled with
-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions or
-fzero-init-padding-bits=all in order to replicate
the behaviour that it had when compiled by older
versions of GCC. It can also be used to find struct
padding that was never previously guaranteed to be
zero initialized and still isn't unless GCC is
invoked with -fzero-init-padding-bits=all.
The new warning can be set to the same three states
as -fzero-init-padding-bits ('standard', 'unions'
or 'all') and has the same default value ('standard').
The two options interact as follows:
f: standard f: unions f: all
w: standard X X X
w: unions U X X
w: all A S X
X = No warnings about padding
U = Warnings about padding of unions.
S = Warnings about padding of structs.
A = Warnings about padding of structs and unions.
The level of optimisation and whether or not the
entire initializer is dropped to memory can both
affect whether warnings are produced when compiling
a given program. This is intentional, since tying
the warnings more closely to the relevant language
standard would require a very different approach
that would still be target-dependent, might impose
an unacceptable burden on programmers, and would
risk not satisfying the intended use-case (which
is closely tied to a specific optimisation).
gcc/ChangeLog:
* common.opt: Add Wzero-init-padding-bits=.
* doc/invoke.texi: Document Wzero-init-padding-bits=.
* expr.cc (categorize_ctor_elements_1): Update new struct type
ctor_completeness instead of an integer to indicate presence of
padding or missing fields in a constructor. Instead of setting -1
upon discovery of padding bits in both structs and unions,
set separate flags to indicate the type of padding bits.
(categorize_ctor_elements): Update the type and documentation of
the p_complete parameter.
(mostly_zeros_p): Use new struct type ctor_completeness when
calling categorize_ctor_elements.
(all_zeros_p): Use new struct type ctor_completeness when
calling categorize_ctor_elements.
* expr.h (struct ctor_completeness): New struct type to replace an
an integer that could take the value -1 ('all fields are
initialized, but there's padding'), 0 ('fields are missing') or
1 ('all fields are initialized, and there's no padding'). Named
bool members make the code easier to understand and make room to
disambiguate struct padding bits from union padding bits.
(categorize_ctor_elements): Update the function declaration to use
the new struct type in the last parameter declaration.
* gimplify.cc (gimplify_init_constructor): Replace use of
complete_p != 0 ('all fields are initialized') with !sparse,
replace use of complete == 0 ('fields are missing') with sparse, and
replace use of complete <= 0 ('fields are missing' or 'all fields are
initialized, but there's padding') with sparse || padded_union or
padded_non_union. Trigger new warnings if storage for the object
is not zeroed but padded_union or padded_non_union is set
(because this combination implies possible non-zero padding bits).
gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-1.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-10.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-11.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-12.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-13.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-14.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-15.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-16.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-17.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-2.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-3.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-4.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-5.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-6.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-7.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-8.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-9.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-1.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-10.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-11.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-12.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-13.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-14.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-15.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-16.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-17.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-2.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-3.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-5.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-6.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-7.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-8.c: New test.
* gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-9.c: New test.
---
gcc/common.opt | 4 +
gcc/doc/invoke.texi | 85 ++++++++++++++++++-
gcc/expr.cc | 41 ++++-----
gcc/expr.h | 7 +-
gcc/gimplify.cc | 27 +++++-
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-1.c | 68 +++++++++++++++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-10.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-11.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-12.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-13.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-14.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-15.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-16.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-17.c | 51 +++++++++++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-2.c | 69 +++++++++++++++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-3.c | 7 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-4.c | 69 +++++++++++++++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-5.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-6.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-7.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-8.c | 8 ++
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-9.c | 69 +++++++++++++++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-1.c | 52 ++++++++++++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-10.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-11.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-12.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-13.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-14.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-15.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-16.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-17.c | 51 +++++++++++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-2.c | 59 +++++++++++++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-3.c | 7 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c | 63 ++++++++++++++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-5.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-6.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-7.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-8.c | 8 ++
.../gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-9.c | 55 ++++++++++++
39 files changed, 935 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-1.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-10.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-11.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-12.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-13.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-14.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-15.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-16.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-17.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-2.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-3.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-4.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-5.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-6.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-7.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-8.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-9.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-1.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-10.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-11.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-12.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-13.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-14.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-15.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-16.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-17.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-2.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-3.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-5.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-6.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-7.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-8.c
create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-9.c
diff --git a/gcc/common.opt b/gcc/common.opt
index 0e50305dde8..3d8da881aa3 100644
--- a/gcc/common.opt
+++ b/gcc/common.opt
@@ -911,6 +911,10 @@ Wtsan
Common Var(warn_tsan) Init(1) Warning
Warn about unsupported features in ThreadSanitizer.
+Wzero-init-padding-bits=
+Common Joined RejectNegative Enum(zero_init_padding_bits_kind)
Var(warn_zero_init_padding_bits) Init(ZERO_INIT_PADDING_BITS_STANDARD) Warning
+-Wzero-init-padding-bits=[standard|unions|all] Warn about initializers that
might not zero padding bits.
+
Xassembler
Driver Separate
diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
index f31d504f99e..67c2f6a1644 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
@@ -446,7 +446,8 @@ Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialects}.
-Wvolatile-register-var -Wwrite-strings
-Wno-xor-used-as-pow
-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant
--Wzero-length-bounds}
+-Wzero-length-bounds
+-Wzero-init-padding-bits=@var{value}}
@item Static Analyzer Options
@gccoptlist{
@@ -10973,6 +10974,88 @@ Suppress warnings when a positional initializer is
used to initialize
a structure that has been marked with the @code{designated_init}
attribute.
+@opindex Wzero-init-padding-bits=
+@item -Wzero-init-padding-bits=@var{value}
+Warn about automatic variable initializers that might not zero
+initialize padding bits.
+
+Certain languages guarantee zero initialization of padding bits in
+certain cases. The @code{-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions} and
+@code{-fzero-init-padding-bits=all} options provide additional
+guarantees that padding bits will be zero initialized in other
+circumstances.
+
+This warning is mainly intended to find source code that might need to
+be modified or else recompiled with
+@code{-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions} or
+@code{-fzero-init-padding-bits=all} in order to retain the behaviour
+that it had when compiled by versions of GCC older than 15. It can also
+be used to find code that might result in uninitialized struct padding
+unless GCC is invoked with @code{-fzero-init-padding-bits=all}
+(regardless of the fact that older versions of GCC would not have
+guaranteed initialization of struct padding either).
+
+It does not follow that all source code which causes warnings about
+uninitialized padding bits has undefined behaviour: usually, the values
+of padding bits have no effect on execution of a program.
+
+The two options interact as follows:
+
+@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
+@headitem @tab f:standard @tab f:unions @tab f:all
+@item W:standard @tab X @tab X @tab X
+@item W:unions @tab U @tab X @tab X
+@item W:all @tab A @tab S @tab X
+@end multitable
+
+@multitable @columnfractions .10 .90
+@headitem Letter @tab Meaning
+@item X @tab No warnings about padding bits.
+@item U @tab Warnings about padding bits of unions.
+@item S @tab Warnings about padding bits of structs.
+@item A @tab Warnings about padding bits of structs and unions.
+@end multitable
+
+Examples of union initialization for ISO C23 with
+@code{-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard} and
+@code{-Wzero-init-padding-bits=unions}:
+
+@smallexample
+ long long q;
+ unsigned char r;
+ union U @{ unsigned char a; long long b; @};
+ struct F @{ long long a; union U b; @};
+
+ // Padding bits are explicitly initialized
+ union U h = @{@};
+
+ // Padding bits might not be initialized
+ union U i = @{ r @};
+
+ // Padding bits might not be initialized
+ union U j = @{ .a = r @};
+
+ // Union is expected to have no padding bits
+ union U k = @{ .b = q @};
+
+ // Padding bits (of union) are explicitly initialized
+ struct F l = @{ q, @{@}, .b.a = r @};
+
+ // Padding bits (of union) might not be initialized
+ struct F m = @{ q, @{@}, .b = @{.a = r@} @};
+@end smallexample
+
+In the declaration of @code{m}, an empty initializer that would otherwise
+guarantee zero initialization of the padding bits of the union (i.e. storage
+allocated for member @code{b} that is not part of member @code{a}) is
+overridden by a subsequently listed initializer. This is an anti-pattern.
+
+Whether or not a given initializer causes a warning to be produced can be
+predicted for simple cases but in general it is target-dependent because the
+layout of storage is target-dependent. The level of optimisation, size, and
+initial value of the object being initialized also affect whether warnings are
+produced.
+
@end table
@node Static Analyzer Options
diff --git a/gcc/expr.cc b/gcc/expr.cc
index 3815c565e2d..2e4442ff2f2 100644
--- a/gcc/expr.cc
+++ b/gcc/expr.cc
@@ -7101,7 +7101,8 @@ count_type_elements (const_tree type, bool for_ctor_p)
static bool
categorize_ctor_elements_1 (const_tree ctor, HOST_WIDE_INT *p_nz_elts,
HOST_WIDE_INT *p_unique_nz_elts,
- HOST_WIDE_INT *p_init_elts, int *p_complete)
+ HOST_WIDE_INT *p_init_elts,
+ ctor_completeness *p_complete)
{
unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT idx;
HOST_WIDE_INT nz_elts, unique_nz_elts, init_elts, num_fields;
@@ -7228,34 +7229,38 @@ categorize_ctor_elements_1 (const_tree ctor,
HOST_WIDE_INT *p_nz_elts,
}
}
- if (*p_complete && !complete_ctor_at_level_p (TREE_TYPE (ctor),
+ if (!p_complete->sparse && !complete_ctor_at_level_p (TREE_TYPE (ctor),
num_fields, elt_type))
- *p_complete = 0;
+ p_complete->sparse = true;
else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (ctor)) == UNION_TYPE
|| TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (ctor)) == QUAL_UNION_TYPE)
{
- if (*p_complete
+ if (!p_complete->sparse
&& CONSTRUCTOR_ZERO_PADDING_BITS (ctor)
&& (num_fields
? simple_cst_equal (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (ctor)),
TYPE_SIZE (elt_type)) != 1
: type_has_padding_at_level_p (TREE_TYPE (ctor))))
- *p_complete = 0;
- else if (*p_complete > 0
+ {
+ p_complete->sparse = true;
+ }
+ else if (!p_complete->sparse && !p_complete->padded_union
&& (num_fields
? simple_cst_equal (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (ctor)),
TYPE_SIZE (elt_type)) != 1
: type_has_padding_at_level_p (TREE_TYPE (ctor))))
- *p_complete = -1;
+ p_complete->padded_union = true;
}
- else if (*p_complete
+ else if (!p_complete->sparse
&& (CONSTRUCTOR_ZERO_PADDING_BITS (ctor)
|| flag_zero_init_padding_bits == ZERO_INIT_PADDING_BITS_ALL)
&& type_has_padding_at_level_p (TREE_TYPE (ctor)))
- *p_complete = 0;
- else if (*p_complete > 0
+ {
+ p_complete->sparse = true;
+ }
+ else if (!p_complete->sparse && !p_complete->padded_non_union
&& type_has_padding_at_level_p (TREE_TYPE (ctor)))
- *p_complete = -1;
+ p_complete->padded_non_union = true;
*p_nz_elts += nz_elts;
*p_unique_nz_elts += unique_nz_elts;
@@ -7277,9 +7282,6 @@ categorize_ctor_elements_1 (const_tree ctor,
HOST_WIDE_INT *p_nz_elts,
* whether the constructor is complete -- in the sense that every
meaningful byte is explicitly given a value --
and place it in *P_COMPLETE:
- - 0 if any field is missing
- - 1 if all fields are initialized, and there's no padding
- - -1 if all fields are initialized, but there's padding
Return whether or not CTOR is a valid static constant initializer, the same
as "initializer_constant_valid_p (CTOR, TREE_TYPE (CTOR)) != 0". */
@@ -7287,12 +7289,13 @@ categorize_ctor_elements_1 (const_tree ctor,
HOST_WIDE_INT *p_nz_elts,
bool
categorize_ctor_elements (const_tree ctor, HOST_WIDE_INT *p_nz_elts,
HOST_WIDE_INT *p_unique_nz_elts,
- HOST_WIDE_INT *p_init_elts, int *p_complete)
+ HOST_WIDE_INT *p_init_elts,
+ ctor_completeness *p_complete)
{
*p_nz_elts = 0;
*p_unique_nz_elts = 0;
*p_init_elts = 0;
- *p_complete = 1;
+ *p_complete = {};
return categorize_ctor_elements_1 (ctor, p_nz_elts, p_unique_nz_elts,
p_init_elts, p_complete);
@@ -7366,11 +7369,11 @@ mostly_zeros_p (const_tree exp)
if (TREE_CODE (exp) == CONSTRUCTOR)
{
HOST_WIDE_INT nz_elts, unz_elts, init_elts;
- int complete_p;
+ ctor_completeness complete_p;
categorize_ctor_elements (exp, &nz_elts, &unz_elts, &init_elts,
&complete_p);
- return !complete_p || nz_elts < init_elts / 4;
+ return complete_p.sparse || nz_elts < init_elts / 4;
}
return initializer_zerop (exp);
@@ -7384,7 +7387,7 @@ all_zeros_p (const_tree exp)
if (TREE_CODE (exp) == CONSTRUCTOR)
{
HOST_WIDE_INT nz_elts, unz_elts, init_elts;
- int complete_p;
+ ctor_completeness complete_p;
categorize_ctor_elements (exp, &nz_elts, &unz_elts, &init_elts,
&complete_p);
diff --git a/gcc/expr.h b/gcc/expr.h
index 53ab625787e..a31cdcd54b7 100644
--- a/gcc/expr.h
+++ b/gcc/expr.h
@@ -359,9 +359,14 @@ extern bool can_move_by_pieces (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT,
unsigned int);
extern unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT highest_pow2_factor (const_tree);
+struct ctor_completeness
+{
+ bool sparse:1, padded_non_union:1, padded_union:1;
+};
+
extern bool categorize_ctor_elements (const_tree, HOST_WIDE_INT *,
HOST_WIDE_INT *, HOST_WIDE_INT *,
- int *);
+ ctor_completeness *);
extern bool type_has_padding_at_level_p (tree);
extern bool immediate_const_ctor_p (const_tree, unsigned int words = 1);
extern void store_constructor (tree, rtx, int, poly_int64, bool);
diff --git a/gcc/gimplify.cc b/gcc/gimplify.cc
index 4f385b1b779..daf5ce30724 100644
--- a/gcc/gimplify.cc
+++ b/gcc/gimplify.cc
@@ -6360,7 +6360,7 @@ gimplify_init_constructor (tree *expr_p, gimple_seq
*pre_p, gimple_seq *post_p,
struct gimplify_init_ctor_preeval_data preeval_data;
HOST_WIDE_INT num_ctor_elements, num_nonzero_elements;
HOST_WIDE_INT num_unique_nonzero_elements;
- int complete_p;
+ ctor_completeness complete_p;
bool valid_const_initializer;
/* Aggregate types must lower constructors to initialization of
@@ -6445,7 +6445,7 @@ gimplify_init_constructor (tree *expr_p, gimple_seq
*pre_p, gimple_seq *post_p,
objects. Initializers for such objects must explicitly set
every field that needs to be set. */
cleared = false;
- else if (!complete_p)
+ else if (complete_p.sparse)
/* If the constructor isn't complete, clear the whole object
beforehand, unless CONSTRUCTOR_NO_CLEARING is set on it.
@@ -6470,7 +6470,8 @@ gimplify_init_constructor (tree *expr_p, gimple_seq *pre_p, gimple_seq *post_p,
That will avoid wasting cycles preserving any padding bits
that might be there, and if there aren't any, the compiler
is smart enough to optimize the clearing out. */
- else if (complete_p <= 0
+ else if ((complete_p.sparse || complete_p.padded_union
+ || complete_p.padded_non_union)
&& !TREE_ADDRESSABLE (ctor)
&& !TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (object)
&& (TYPE_MODE (type) != BLKmode || TYPE_NO_FORCE_BLK (type))
@@ -6489,7 +6490,7 @@ gimplify_init_constructor (tree *expr_p, gimple_seq
*pre_p, gimple_seq *post_p,
clearing), and don't try to make bitwise copies of
TREE_ADDRESSABLE types. */
if (valid_const_initializer
- && complete_p
+ && !complete_p.sparse
&& !(cleared || num_nonzero_elements == 0)
&& !TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type))
{
@@ -6544,6 +6545,24 @@ gimplify_init_constructor (tree *expr_p, gimple_seq
*pre_p, gimple_seq *post_p,
}
}
+ if (!cleared)
+ {
+ if (complete_p.padded_non_union
+ && warn_zero_init_padding_bits >= ZERO_INIT_PADDING_BITS_ALL)
+ warning (OPT_Wzero_init_padding_bits_,
+ "padding might not be initialized to zero; "
+ "if code relies on it being zero, consider "
+ "using %<-fzero-init-padding-bits=all%>");
+ else if (complete_p.padded_union
+ && warn_zero_init_padding_bits
+ >= ZERO_INIT_PADDING_BITS_UNIONS)
+ warning (OPT_Wzero_init_padding_bits_,
+ "padding might not be initialized to zero; "
+ "if code relies on it being zero, consider "
+ "using %<-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions%> "
+ "or %<-fzero-init-padding-bits=all%>");
+ }
+
/* If a single access to the target must be ensured and there are
nonzero elements or the zero elements are not assigned en masse,
initialize the target from a temporary. */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-1.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-1.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c82c4d66e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* Test that C23 warnings are produced about initializers that might
+ * not zero padding bits of structs or unions. Expected results are different
+ * from GNU11 because empty initializers zero padding bits.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=c23 -Wzero-init-padding-bits=all" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct A a = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ struct B b = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct B c = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1], c[2] */
+
+ /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1] */
+ struct B d = { .b = argc, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c[0] and c[2] as contagious */
+ struct B e = { argc, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c as contagious */
+ struct B f = { argc, 2, {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ struct B g = { argc, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6, /* {
dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to zero" } */
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ union U h = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ union U i = { argc }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ union U j = { .a = argc }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ union U k = { .b = argc }; /* Largest member is initialized */
+ struct D l = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct D m = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c as contagious */
+ struct D n = { argc, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct C o = { {} }; /* ZI because it omits a.a, a.b */
+
+ /* All (struct) padding is explicitly initialized */
+ struct C p = { {}, .a.a = argc, .a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct E q = { argc, 2 }; /* No padding */
+ union V r = { argc }; /* No padding */
+
+ /* All (union) padding is explicitly initialized */
+ struct F s = { argc, {}, .b.a = 2 };
+
+ /* Empty initializer is overridden and therefore ineffective */
+ struct F t = { argc, {}, .b = {.a = 2} }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be
initialized to zero" } */
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-10.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-10.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2424db8e632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-10.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (despite being enabled for unions)
+ * about initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * only padding bits of unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=unions
-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-11.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-11.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f11664c3f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-11.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (when explicitly disabled) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * only padding bits of unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=standard
-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-12.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-12.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7971a667535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-12.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (by default) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * only padding bits of unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-13.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-13.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..900694e2d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-13.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (despite being enabled for structs
+ * and unions) about initializers that might not zero padding bits (when
+ * configured to zero padding bits of structs and unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=all -fzero-init-padding-bits=all" }
*/
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-14.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-14.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08b3ef39987
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-14.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (despite being enabled for unions)
+ * about initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * padding bits of structs and unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=unions -fzero-init-padding-bits=all"
} */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-15.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-15.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dd51b1235b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-15.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (when explicitly disabled) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * padding bits of structs and unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=standard
-fzero-init-padding-bits=all" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-16.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-16.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff503f8fb70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-16.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (by default) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * padding bits of structs and unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=all" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-17.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-17.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..00df5bf82da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-17.c
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced about initializers of objects with
+ * static storage duration that might not have zeroed padding bits if they
+ * instead had automatic storage duration.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=c23 -Wzero-init-padding-bits=all" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+ static struct A a = {};
+ static struct B b = {};
+ static struct B c = { 1, 2 };
+ static struct B d = { .b = 1, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ static struct B e = { 1, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5,
+ .c[1].b = 6, .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ static struct B f = { 1, 2, {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5,
+ .c[1].b = 6, .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ static struct B g = { 1, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5,
+ .c[1].b = 6, .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ static union U h = {};
+ static union U i = { 1 };
+ static union U j = { .a = 1 };
+ static union U k = { .b = 1 };
+ static struct D l = {};
+ static struct D m = { 1, 2 };
+ static struct D n = { 1, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 };
+ static struct C o = { {} };
+ static struct C p = { {}, .a.a = 3, .a.b = 4 };
+ static struct E q = { 1, 2 };
+ static union V r = { 1 };
+ static struct F s = { 1, {}, .b.a = 2 };
+ static struct F t = { 1, {}, .b = {.a = 2} };
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-2.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..05d236dd685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/* Test that C23 warnings are only produced (when enabled for unions) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits of unions. Expected results
are
+ * different from GNU11 because empty initializers zero padding bits.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=c23 -Wzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct A a = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ struct B b = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct B c = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1], c[2] */
+
+ /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1] */
+ struct B d = { .b = argc, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c[0] and c[2] as contagious */
+ struct B e = { argc, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c as contagious */
+ struct B f = { argc, 2, {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct B g = { argc, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ union U h = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ union U i = { argc }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ union U j = { .a = argc }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ union U k = { .b = argc }; /* Largest member is initialized */
+ struct D l = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct D m = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c as contagious */
+ struct D n = { argc, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct C o = { {} }; /* ZI because it omits a.a, a.b */
+
+ /* All (struct) padding is explicitly initialized */
+ struct C p = { {}, .a.a = argc, .a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct E q = { argc, 2 }; /* No padding */
+ union V r = { argc }; /* No padding */
+
+ /* All (union) padding is explicitly initialized */
+ struct F s = { argc, {}, .b.a = 2 };
+
+ /* Empty initializer is overridden and therefore ineffective */
+ struct F t = { argc, {}, .b = {.a = 2} }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be
initialized to zero" } */
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-3.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-3.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..569bfb218ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (when explicitly disabled) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-4.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-4.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc4dedb3001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (by default) about initializers
+ * that might not zero padding bits. Expected results are the same as GNU11
+ * despite the fact that empty initializers zero padding bits.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=c23" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct A a = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ struct B b = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct B c = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1], c[2] */
+
+ /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1] */
+ struct B d = { .b = argc, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c[0] and c[2] as contagious */
+ struct B e = { argc, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c as contagious */
+ struct B f = { argc, 2, {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct B g = { argc, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ union U h = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ union U i = { argc }; /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ union U j = { .a = argc }; /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ union U k = { .b = argc }; /* Largest member is initialized */
+ struct D l = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct D m = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c as contagious */
+ struct D n = { argc, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct C o = { {} }; /* ZI because it omits a.a, a.b */
+
+ /* All (struct) padding is explicitly initialized */
+ struct C p = { {}, .a.a = argc, .a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct E q = { argc, 2 }; /* No padding */
+ union V r = { argc }; /* No padding */
+
+ /* All (union) padding is explicitly initialized */
+ struct F s = { argc, {}, .b.a = 2 };
+
+ /* Empty initializer is overridden and therefore ineffective */
+ struct F t = { argc, {}, .b = {.a = 2} };
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-5.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-5.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9578eb1ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-5.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that C23 warnings are produced about initializers that might
+ * not zero padding bits of structs or unions (when configured not to zero
+ * padding bits unless mandated by the language standard).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-1.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-6.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-6.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..395dc058c09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-6.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that C23 warnings are only produced (when enabled for unions) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits of unions (when configured not
+ * to zero padding bits unless mandated by the language standard).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-2.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-7.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-7.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9d8cb8a0509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-7.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (when explicitly disabled) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured not to zero
+ * padding bits unless mandated by the language standard).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=standard
-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-8.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-8.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a2e4dd33bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no C23 warnings are produced (by default) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured not to zero
+ * padding bits unless mandated by the language standard).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "c23-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-9.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-9.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3208d85f579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/c23-empty-init-warn-9.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/* Test that C23 warnings are only produced (when enabled for structs and
+ * unions) about initializers that might not zero padding bits of structs (when
+ * configured to only zero padding bits of unions). Expected results are
+ * different from GNU11 because empty initializers zero padding bits.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=c23 -Wzero-init-padding-bits=all
-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct A a = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ struct B b = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct B c = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1], c[2] */
+
+ /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1] */
+ struct B d = { .b = argc, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c[0] and c[2] as contagious */
+ struct B e = { argc, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c as contagious */
+ struct B f = { argc, 2, {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ struct B g = { argc, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6, /* {
dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to zero" } */
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ union U h = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ union U i = { argc }; /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ union U j = { .a = argc }; /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ union U k = { .b = argc }; /* Largest member is initialized */
+ struct D l = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct D m = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized according to C23 but GCC treats
+ the explicitly initialized padding of c as contagious */
+ struct D n = { argc, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct C o = { {} }; /* ZI because it omits a.a, a.b */
+
+ /* All (struct) padding is explicitly initialized */
+ struct C p = { {}, .a.a = argc, .a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct E q = { argc, 2 }; /* No padding */
+ union V r = { argc }; /* No padding */
+
+ /* All (union) padding is explicitly initialized */
+ struct F s = { argc, {}, .b.a = 2 };
+
+ /* Empty initializer is overridden and therefore ineffective */
+ struct F t = { argc, {}, .b = {.a = 2} };
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-1.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-1.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca7edf008fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/* Test that GNU11 warnings are produced about initializers that might
+ * not zero padding bits of structs or unions.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11 -Wzero-init-padding-bits=all" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct A a = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ struct B b = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct B c = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1], c[2] */
+
+ /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1] */
+ struct B d = { .b = argc, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ struct B e = { argc, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {}, /* { dg-warning
"padding might not be initialized to zero" } */
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ struct B f = { argc, 2, {}, /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ struct B g = { argc, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6, /* {
dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to zero" } */
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ union U h = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ union U i = { argc }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ union U j = { .a = argc }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ union U k = { .b = argc }; /* Largest member is initialized */
+ struct D l = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct D m = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c */
+ struct D n = { argc, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 }; /* { dg-warning "padding
might not be initialized to zero" } */
+ struct C o = { {} }; /* ZI because it omits a.a, a.b */
+ struct C p = { {}, .a.a = argc, .a.b = 4 }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be
initialized to zero" } */
+ struct E q = { argc, 2 }; /* No padding */
+ union V r = { argc }; /* No padding */
+ struct F s = { argc, {}, .b.a = 2 }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be
initialized to zero" } */
+ struct F t = { argc, {}, .b = {.a = 2} }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be
initialized to zero" } */
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-10.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-10.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da15fd5e539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-10.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (despite being enabled for unions)
+ * about initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * only padding bits of unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=unions
-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-11.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-11.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d900f212d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-11.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (when explicitly disabled) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * only padding bits of unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=standard
-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-12.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-12.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..072b144d3a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-12.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (by default) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * only padding bits of unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-13.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-13.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03a690776f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-13.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (despite being enabled for structs
+ * and unions) about initializers that might not zero padding bits (when
+ * configured to zero padding bits of structs and unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=all -fzero-init-padding-bits=all" }
*/
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-14.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-14.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4cf62a7dee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-14.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (despite being enabled for unions)
+ * about initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * padding bits of structs and unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=unions -fzero-init-padding-bits=all"
} */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-15.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-15.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45ce183a757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-15.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (when explicitly disabled) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * padding bits of structs and unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=standard
-fzero-init-padding-bits=all" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-16.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-16.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23519cf8bc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-16.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (by default) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured to zero
+ * padding bits of structs and unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=all" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-17.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-17.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d126844abab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-17.c
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced about initializers of objects with
+ * static storage duration that might not have zeroed padding bits if they
+ * instead had automatic storage duration.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11 -Wzero-init-padding-bits=all" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+ static struct A a = {};
+ static struct B b = {};
+ static struct B c = { 1, 2 };
+ static struct B d = { .b = 1, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ static struct B e = { 1, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5,
+ .c[1].b = 6, .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ static struct B f = { 1, 2, {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5,
+ .c[1].b = 6, .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ static struct B g = { 1, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5,
+ .c[1].b = 6, .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ static union U h = {};
+ static union U i = { 1 };
+ static union U j = { .a = 1 };
+ static union U k = { .b = 1 };
+ static struct D l = {};
+ static struct D m = { 1, 2 };
+ static struct D n = { 1, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 };
+ static struct C o = { {} };
+ static struct C p = { {}, .a.a = 3, .a.b = 4 };
+ static struct E q = { 1, 2 };
+ static union V r = { 1 };
+ static struct F s = { 1, {}, .b.a = 2 };
+ static struct F t = { 1, {}, .b = {.a = 2} };
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-2.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4837208c2fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* Test that GNU11 warnings are only produced (when enabled for unions) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits of unions.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11 -Wzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct A a = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ struct B b = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct B c = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1], c[2] */
+ struct B d = { .b = 1, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 }; /* ZI because it
omits c[0], c[1] */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct B e = { argc, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct B f = { argc, 2, {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct B g = { argc, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ union U h = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ union U i = { argc }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ union U j = { .a = argc }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ union U k = { .b = argc }; /* Largest member is initialized */
+ struct D l = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct D m = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct D n = { argc, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct C o = { {} }; /* ZI because it omits a.a, a.b */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct C p = { {}, .a.a = argc, .a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct E q = { argc, 2 }; /* No padding */
+ union V r = { argc }; /* No padding */
+ struct F s = { argc, {}, .b.a = 2 }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be
initialized to zero" } */
+ struct F t = { argc, {}, .b = {.a = 2} }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be
initialized to zero" } */
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-3.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-3.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..499b3f84bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (when explicitly disabled) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c693d914ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (by default) about initializers
+ * that might not zero padding bits.
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct A a = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ struct B b = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct B c = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1], c[2] */
+
+ /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1] */
+ struct B d = { .b = argc, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct B e = { argc, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct B f = { argc, 2, {},
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct B g = { argc, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ union U h = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ union U i = { argc }; /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ union U j = { .a = argc }; /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ union U k = { .b = argc }; /* Largest member is initialized */
+ struct D l = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct D m = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct D n = { argc, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct C o = { {} }; /* ZI because it omits a.a, a.b */
+
+ /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ struct C p = { {}, .a.a = argc, .a.b = 4 };
+
+ struct E q = { argc, 2 }; /* No padding */
+ union V r = { argc }; /* No padding */
+
+ /* Padding bits (of union) might not be initialized */
+ struct F s = { argc, {}, .b.a = 2 };
+ struct F t = { argc, {}, .b = {.a = 2} };
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-5.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-5.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f6e6e3537fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-5.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that GNU11 warnings are produced about initializers that might
+ * not zero padding bits of structs or unions (when configured not to zero
+ * padding bits unless mandated by the language standard).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-1.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-6.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-6.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41f8f17059a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-6.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that GNU11 warnings are only produced (when enabled for unions) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits of unions (when configured not
+ * to zero padding bits unless mandated by the language standard).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-2.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-7.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-7.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6cfa310f5ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-7.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (when explicitly disabled) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured not to zero
+ * padding bits unless mandated by the language standard).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-Wzero-init-padding-bits=standard
-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-8.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-8.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57cc58d89f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Test that no GNU11 warnings are produced (by default) about
+ * initializers that might not zero padding bits (when configured not to zero
+ * padding bits unless mandated by the language standard).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-fzero-init-padding-bits=standard" } */
+
+#include "gnu11-empty-init-warn-4.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-9.c
b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-9.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9f4d9a431a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/gnu11-empty-init-warn-9.c
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/* Test that GNU11 warnings are only produced (when enabled for structs and
+ * unions) about initializers that might not zero padding bits of structs (when
+ * configured to only zero padding bits of unions).
+ */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11 -Wzero-init-padding-bits=all
-fzero-init-padding-bits=unions" } */
+
+struct A { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+struct B { unsigned char a; long long b; struct A c[3]; };
+struct C { struct A a; };
+struct D { unsigned char a; long long b; struct C c; };
+struct E { long long a; long long b; };
+union U { unsigned char a; long long b; };
+union V { long long a; long long b; };
+struct F { long long a; union U b; };
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ struct A a = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ struct B b = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct B c = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1], c[2] */
+
+ /* ZI because it omits c[0], c[1] */
+ struct B d = { .b = argc, .a = 2, .c[2].a = 3, .c[2].b = 4 };
+
+ struct B e = { argc, 2, .c[2] = {}, .c[1] = { 9 }, .c[0] = {}, /* { dg-warning
"padding might not be initialized to zero" } */
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ struct B f = { argc, 2, {}, /* { dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to
zero" } */
+ .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6,
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ struct B g = { argc, 2, .c[0].a = 3, .c[0].b = 4, .c[1].a = 5, .c[1].b = 6, /* {
dg-warning "padding might not be initialized to zero" } */
+ .c[2].a = 7, .c[2].b = 8 };
+
+ union U h = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b */
+ union U i = { argc }; /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ union U j = { .a = argc }; /* Padding bits might not be initialized */
+ union U k = { .b = argc }; /* Largest member is initialized */
+ struct D l = {}; /* ZI because it omits a, b, c */
+ struct D m = { argc, 2 }; /* ZI because it omits c */
+ struct D n = { argc, 2, {}, .c.a.a = 3, .c.a.b = 4 }; /* { dg-warning "padding
might not be initialized to zero" } */
+ struct C o = { {} }; /* ZI because it omits a.a, a.b */
+ struct C p = { {}, .a.a = argc, .a.b = 4 }; /* { dg-warning "padding might not be
initialized to zero" } */
+ struct E q = { argc, 2 }; /* No padding */
+ union V r = { argc }; /* No padding */
+
+ /* Padding bits (of union) might not be initialized */
+ struct F s = { argc, {}, .b.a = 2 };
+ struct F t = { argc, {}, .b = {.a = 2} };
+
+ return 0;
+}
