On Fri, Jan 30, 2026 at 3:39 PM Patrick Palka <[email protected]> wrote:

> On Thu, Jan 29, 2026 at 3:05 PM Tomasz Kamiński <[email protected]>
> wrote:
> >
> > Currently for the types T that contains padding bits, std::atomic<T>(T)
> > constructor was not usable at compile-time in C++14 or later modes. This
> > regression caused by use of __builtin_clear_padding introduced in
> > r13-2548-g157236dbd62164.
> >
> > This leads to two regressions when switching from C++11 to C++14
> > standard (or switching from GCC-12 to later version for C++14 standard),
> > where for type X that contains padding
> > * constexpr std::atomic<X> cx(X(...)) becomes ill-formed,
> > * std::atomic<X> gx(X(...)) with static storage duration, switch from
> >   static to dynamic initialization.
> > The later breakage is silent and may introduced very hard to localize
> > order of initialization issues.
> >
> > This patch mitigates above issue by not invoking the
> __builtin_clear_padding,
> > during constant initialization (std::__is_constant_evaluated() is false).
> > This is considered to be safe, as:
> > * for objects with static storage duration, padding bits are already
> >   cleared by zero-initialization
> > * for contexpr objects with static storage duration, there is no
> >   API that would allow user to observe padding bits on const atomic
> objects
> >
> > To elaborate on the second point, values of padding bits in atomic can
> > be observed by:
> > * The compapre_exchange_weak/compare_exchange_strong operations are
> mutating,
> >   so cannot be invoked on const objects.
> > * As atomic<X> is not required to store actual object of type X,
> >   observing it's object representation does (via bitcast, memcpy), does
> >   not provide values of object representation of X. Furthermore, the
> >   operations are defined only for trivally_copyable types, and atomic
> >   specializations meets above requirement only due to bug in libstdc++
> >   (see PR67572).
> >
> > Note that above will no longer hold, and the solution will need to
> > revisited during implementation of C++26 paper P3309R3: constexpr
> > atomic and atomic_ref (it will be possible to call compare_exchange
> > during constant evaluation).
> >
> >         PR libstdc++/123875
> >
> > libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
> >
> >         * include/bits/atomic_base.h (__atomic_impl::__clear_padding):
> >         Use if constexpr unconditionally.
> >         (__atomic_float<_Fp>::__atomic_float(_Fp)): Skip __clear_padding
> >         call for constant evaluation.
> >         * include/std/atomic (atomic<_Tp>::atomic(_Tp)): Likewise.
> >         * testsuite/29_atomics/atomic/cons/static_zero_padding.cc: New
> test.
> > ---
> > Tested on x86_64-linux. OK for trunk?

> Then 13/14/15?
> >
> >  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/atomic_base.h       |  13 ++-
> >  libstdc++-v3/include/std/atomic               |   3 +-
> >  .../atomic/cons/static_zero_padding.cc        | 106 ++++++++++++++++++
> >  3 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> >  create mode 100644
> libstdc++-v3/testsuite/29_atomics/atomic/cons/static_zero_padding.cc
> >
> > diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/atomic_base.h
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/atomic_base.h
> > index bc4778f08cb..79c1b31ccc4 100644
> > --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/atomic_base.h
> > +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/atomic_base.h
> > @@ -1003,21 +1003,21 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
> >  #endif
> >        }
> >
> > +#pragma GCC diagnostic push
> > +#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions"
> > +
> >      template<typename _Tp>
> >        _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _Tp*
> >        __clear_padding(_Tp& __val) noexcept
> >        {
> >         auto* __ptr = std::__addressof(__val);
> >  #if __has_builtin(__builtin_clear_padding)
> > -       if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR
> (__atomic_impl::__maybe_has_padding<_Tp>())
> > +       if constexpr (__atomic_impl::__maybe_has_padding<_Tp>())
> >           __builtin_clear_padding(__ptr);
> >  #endif
> >         return __ptr;
> >        }
> >
> > -#pragma GCC diagnostic push
> > -#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions"
> > -
> >      template<bool _AtomicRef = false, typename _Tp>
> >        _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
> >        __compare_exchange(_Tp& __val, _Val<_Tp>& __e, _Val<_Tp>& __i,
> > @@ -1392,7 +1392,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
> >
> >        constexpr
> >        __atomic_float(_Fp __t) : _M_fp(__t)
> > -      { __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(_M_fp); }
> > +      {
> > +       if (!std::__is_constant_evaluated())
> > +         __atomic_impl::__clear_padding(_M_fp);
> > +      }
> >
> >        __atomic_float(const __atomic_float&) = delete;
> >        __atomic_float& operator=(const __atomic_float&) = delete;
> > diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/atomic
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/atomic
> > index 46d2bbb509e..56dbe7bf5b9 100644
> > --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/atomic
> > +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/atomic
> > @@ -251,7 +251,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
> >        {
> >  #if __cplusplus >= 201402L && __has_builtin(__builtin_clear_padding)
> >         if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR
> (__atomic_impl::__maybe_has_padding<_Tp>())
> > -         __builtin_clear_padding(std::__addressof(_M_i));
> > +         if (!std::__is_constant_evaluated())
> > +           __builtin_clear_padding(std::__addressof(_M_i));
> >  #endif
> >        }
> >
> > diff --git
> a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/29_atomics/atomic/cons/static_zero_padding.cc
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/29_atomics/atomic/cons/static_zero_padding.cc
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 00000000000..3866795a422
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/29_atomics/atomic/cons/static_zero_padding.cc
> > @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
> > +// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
> > +// { dg-require-thread-fence "" }
> > +// { dg-add-options no_pch }
> > +
> > +#include <atomic>
> > +#include <cstring>
> > +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
> > +
> > +struct TailPadding { int i; char c; };
> > +TailPadding ztail{1, 2}; // zeroed-padding
> > +constexpr std::atomic<TailPadding> ctail(TailPadding{1,2});
> > +std::atomic<TailPadding> gtail(TailPadding{1,2});
> > +
> > +struct MidPadding { char c; int x; };
> > +MidPadding zmid{1, 2}; // zeroed-padding
> > +constexpr std::atomic<MidPadding> cmid(MidPadding{1,2});
> > +std::atomic<MidPadding> gmid(MidPadding{1,2});
> > +
> > +struct BitPadding { int : 4; int i : 5; int : 4; int j : 5; int : 4;  };
> > +BitPadding zbit{1, 2}; // zeroed-padding
> > +constexpr std::atomic<BitPadding> cbit(BitPadding{1,2});
> > +std::atomic<BitPadding> gbit(BitPadding{1,2});
> > +
> > +struct Ctor
> > +{
> > +  Ctor() = default;
> > +
> > +  constexpr Ctor(char pc, char pi)
> > +    : c(pc), i(pi), d(pc)
> > +  {}
> > +
> > +  char c;
> > +  int i;
> > +  char d;
> > +};
> > +
> > +Ctor zctor{1, 2}; // zeroed-padding
> > +constexpr std::atomic<Ctor> cctor(Ctor{1,2});
> > +std::atomic<Ctor> gctor(Ctor{1,2});
> > +
> > +template<typename T>
> > +void test_struct(std::atomic<T>& g, const T& zp)
> > +{
> > +  T const d{3, 4};
> > +  T t;
> > +
> > +  std::memcpy(&t, &zp, sizeof(T));
> > +  VERIFY( g.compare_exchange_strong(t, d) );
> > +
> > +  static std::atomic<T> st(T{1, 2});
> > +  std::memcpy(&t, &zp, sizeof(T));
> > +  VERIFY( st.compare_exchange_strong(t, d) );
> > +
> > +  thread_local std::atomic<T> tl(T{1, 2});
> > +  std::memcpy(&t, &zp, sizeof(T));
> > +  VERIFY( tl.compare_exchange_strong(t, d) );
> > +
> > +  std::atomic<T> l(T{1, 2});
> > +  std::memcpy(&t, &zp, sizeof(T));
> > +#if __cplusplus >= 202002L // Remove once PR114865 is fixed
> > +  VERIFY( l.compare_exchange_strong(t, d) );
> > +#endif
> > +
> > +  constexpr std::atomic<T> cl(T{1, 2});
> > +}
> > +
> > +#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
>
> I forget, why is the floating point testing restricted to C++20?
>
Atomic support for floating point is C++20 feature, from version.def:
ftms = {
  name = atomic_float;
  values = {
    v = 201711;
    cxxmin = 20;
  };
};

Which also means, I do not need to care about C++11 restrictions
for constructor bodies in __atomic_float.


> Besides that LGTM
>
>
> > +long double zld(10.5);
> > +constexpr std::atomic<long double> cld(10.5);
> > +std::atomic<long double> gld(10.5);
> > +
> > +template<typename T>
> > +void test_floating(std::atomic<T>& g, const T& zp)
> > +{
> > +  T const d = T(7.5);
> > +  T t;
> > +
> > +  std::memcpy(&t, &zp, sizeof(T));
> > +  VERIFY( g.compare_exchange_strong(t, d) );
> > +
> > +  static std::atomic<T> st(T(10.5));
> > +  std::memcpy(&t, &zp, sizeof(T));
> > +  VERIFY( st.compare_exchange_strong(t, d) );
> > +
> > +  thread_local std::atomic<T> tl(T(10.5));
> > +  std::memcpy(&t, &zp, sizeof(T));
> > +  VERIFY( tl.compare_exchange_strong(t, d) );
> > +
> > +  std::atomic<T> l(T(10.5));
> > +  std::memcpy(&t, &zp, sizeof(T));
> > +  VERIFY( l.compare_exchange_strong(t, d) );
> > +
> > +  constexpr std::atomic<T> cl(T(10.5));
> > +}
> > +#endif
> > +
> > +int main()
> > +{
> > +  test_struct(gtail, ztail);
> > +  test_struct(gmid, zmid);
> > +  test_struct(gbit, zbit);
> > +  test_struct(gctor, zctor);
> > +#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
> > +  test_floating(gld, zld);
> > +#endif
> > +}
> > --
> > 2.52.0
> >
>
>

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