On Wed, Feb 11, 2026 at 2:59 PM Ivan Lazaric <[email protected]>
wrote:

> This patch implements formatting for std::filesystem::path from P2845R8,
> and defines the feature test macro __cpp_lib_format_path to 202403L,
> provided only in <filesystem>.
>
> libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
>     * include/bits/fs_path.h: Include bits/formatfwd.h.
>     (__format::__formatter_fs_path<_CharT>)
>     (formatter<filesystem::path, _CharT>): Define.
>     * include/bits/version.def: Add format_path.
>     * include/bits/version.h: Regenerate.
>     * include/std/filesystem: Expose __cpp_lib_format_path.
>     * testsuite/std/format/fs_path.cc: New test.
>
> Signed-off-by: Ivan Lazaric <[email protected]>
> Co-authored-by: Jonathan Wakely <[email protected]>
>
Thank you very much for the patch, the implementation looks good.
For the implementation, my only suggestion is to remove __formatter_fs_path
entirely, and put code directly in formatter specialization.

I have made more suggestion on making the test generic.

Please let me know if you preffer us to do further patch updates.

> ---
>  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/fs_path.h          | 136 +++++++++++++++++++
>  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def        |  10 ++
>  libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h          |  10 ++
>  libstdc++-v3/include/std/filesystem          |   1 +
>  libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/fs_path.cc |  88 ++++++++++++
>  5 files changed, 245 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/fs_path.cc
>
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/fs_path.h
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/fs_path.h
> index 07b74de6cbe..1ca4942235e 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/fs_path.h
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/fs_path.h
> @@ -50,6 +50,10 @@
>  # include <compare>
>  #endif
>
> +#ifdef __cpp_lib_format_path // C++ >= 26 && HOSTED
> +# include <bits/formatfwd.h>
> +#endif
> +
>  #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
>  # define _GLIBCXX_FILESYSTEM_IS_WINDOWS 1
>  #endif
> @@ -1451,6 +1455,138 @@ template<>
>      { return filesystem::hash_value(__p); }
>    };
>
> +#ifdef __cpp_lib_format_path // C++ >= 26 && HOSTED
> +namespace __format
> +{
> +  template<__char _CharT>
> +    struct __formatter_fs_path
>
I do not think we need to have a separate formatter class,
and you can define parse/format directly in the formatte specialization.
We define this __formatter_fs_path if we want to reuse it in implementing
other formatters.

> +    {
> +      __formatter_fs_path() = default;
> +
> +      constexpr
> +      __formatter_fs_path(_Spec<_CharT> __spec) noexcept
> +       : _M_spec(__spec)
> +      { }
> +
> +      constexpr typename basic_format_parse_context<_CharT>::iterator
> +      parse(basic_format_parse_context<_CharT>& __pc)
> +      {
> +    auto __first = __pc.begin();
> +    const auto __last = __pc.end();
> +    _Spec<_CharT> __spec{};
> +
> +    auto __finalize = [this, &__spec] {
> +      _M_spec = __spec;
> +    };
> +
> +    auto __finished = [&] {
> +      if (__first == __last || *__first == '}')
> +        {
> +          __finalize();
> +          return true;
> +        }
> +      return false;
> +    };
> +
> +    if (__finished())
> +      return __first;
> +
> +    __first = __spec._M_parse_fill_and_align(__first, __last);
> +    if (__finished())
> +      return __first;
> +
> +    __first = __spec._M_parse_width(__first, __last, __pc);
> +    if (__finished())
> +      return __first;
> +
> +    if (*__first == '?')
> +      {
> +        __spec._M_debug = true;
> +        ++__first;
> +      }
> +    if (__finished())
> +      return __first;
> +
> +    if (*__first == 'g')
> +      {
> +        __spec._M_type = _Pres_g;
> +        ++__first;
> +      }
> +    if (__finished())
> +      return __first;
> +
> +    __format::__failed_to_parse_format_spec();
> +      }
> +
> +      template<typename _Out>
> +    _Out
> +    format(const filesystem::path& __p,
> +           basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
> +      {
> +    using _ValueT = filesystem::path::value_type;
> +    using _FmtStrT = __formatter_str<_CharT>;
> +
> +    filesystem::path::string_type __s;
> +    if (_M_spec._M_type == _Pres_g)
> +      __s = __p.generic_string<_ValueT>();
> +    else
> +      __s = __p.native();
> +
> +    auto __spec = _M_spec;
> +    // 'g' should not be passed along.
> +    __spec._M_type = _Pres_none;
> +
> +    if constexpr (is_same_v<_CharT, _ValueT>)
> +      return _FmtStrT(__spec).format(__s, __fc);
>
+    else
>
The standard separates two cases here, i.e. literal_encondings
being UTF, where it requires exactly what you implemented, and
makes it implementation defined for all other cases.
I have checked the transcoding of native inside string<_CharT>,
and the implementation already assumes that char encoding is UTF8.
The only special scenario is transcoding from char to wchar.

Given that wchar_t is either UCS-2 or UTF-32, I think we are OK.
Could you summarize above in the commit message?

> +      {
> +        if (__spec._M_debug)
> +          {
> +        _Str_sink<_ValueT> __sink;
> +        basic_string_view<_ValueT> __sv(__s);
> +        __format::__write_escaped(__sink.out(), __sv, _Term_quote);
> +        __s = std::move(__sink).get();
> +        __spec._M_debug = 0;
>
+          }
> +        basic_string<_CharT> __out_str;
> +        using _View = basic_string_view<_ValueT>;
> +        __out_str.assign_range(__unicode::_Utf_view<_CharT, _View>(__s));
> +        return _FmtStrT(__spec).format(__out_str, __fc);
> +      }
> +      }
> +
> +      constexpr void
> +      set_debug_format() noexcept
> +      { _M_spec._M_debug = true; }
> +
> +    private:
> +      _Spec<_CharT> _M_spec{};
> +    };
> +} // namespace __format
> +
> +  template<__format::__char _CharT>
> +    struct formatter<filesystem::path, _CharT>
> +    {
> +      formatter() = default;
> +
> +      [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
> +      constexpr typename basic_format_parse_context<_CharT>::iterator
> +      parse(basic_format_parse_context<_CharT>& __pc)
> +      { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
> +
> +      template<typename _Out>
> +    typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
> +    format(const filesystem::path& __p,
> +           basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
> +    { return _M_f.format(__p, __fc); }
> +
> +      constexpr void set_debug_format() noexcept {
> _M_f.set_debug_format(); }
> +
> +    private:
> +      __format::__formatter_fs_path<_CharT> _M_f;
> +    };
> +#endif // __cpp_lib_format_path
> +
>  _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
>  } // namespace std
>
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> index 4b8e9d43ec2..c7709ba3a07 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
> @@ -1561,6 +1561,16 @@ ftms = {
>    };
>  };
>
> +ftms = {
> +  name = format_path;
> +  // 202403 P2845R8 Formatting of std::filesystem::path
> +  values = {
> +    v = 202403;
> +    cxxmin = 26;
> +    hosted = yes;
> +  };
> +};
> +
>  ftms = {
>    name = freestanding_algorithm;
>    values = {
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> index 7602225cb6d..c72cda506f1 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
> @@ -1721,6 +1721,16 @@
>  #endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_format_ranges) */
>  #undef __glibcxx_want_format_ranges
>
> +#if !defined(__cpp_lib_format_path)
> +# if (__cplusplus >  202302L) && _GLIBCXX_HOSTED
> +#  define __glibcxx_format_path 202403L
> +#  if defined(__glibcxx_want_all) || defined(__glibcxx_want_format_path)
> +#   define __cpp_lib_format_path 202403L
> +#  endif
> +# endif
> +#endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_format_path) */
> +#undef __glibcxx_want_format_path
> +
>  #if !defined(__cpp_lib_freestanding_algorithm)
>  # if (__cplusplus >= 202100L)
>  #  define __glibcxx_freestanding_algorithm 202311L
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/filesystem
> b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/filesystem
> index f902c6feb77..b9900f49c33 100644
> --- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/filesystem
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/filesystem
> @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
>  #include <bits/requires_hosted.h>
>
>  #define __glibcxx_want_filesystem
> +#define __glibcxx_want_format_path
>  #include <bits/version.h>
>
>  #ifdef __cpp_lib_filesystem // C++ >= 17 && HOSTED
> diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/fs_path.cc
> b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/fs_path.cc
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..5105e73f611
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/fs_path.cc
> @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
> +// { dg-do run { target c++26 } }
>
As discussed the patch conversion assume currently that the char
is encoded as UTF-8, so to avoid the test failing on config with different
literal encoding, we should add:
// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8" }

> +
> +#include <filesystem>
> +#include <format>
> +#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
> +
> +using std::filesystem::path;
> +
> +template<typename... Args>
> +bool
> +is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
> +{
> +  try {
> +    (void) std::vformat(str, std::make_format_args(args...));
> +    return true;
> +  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
> +    return false;
> +  }
> +}
> +
> +template<typename... Args>
> +bool
> +is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
> +{
> +  try {
> +    (void) std::vformat(str, std::make_wformat_args(args...));
> +    return true;
> +  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
> +    return false;
> +  }
> +}
> +
> +void
> +test_format_spec()
> +{
> +  // [fs.path.fmtr.funcs]
> +  // \nontermdef{path-format-spec}\br
> +  //     \opt{fill-and-align} \opt{width} \opt{\terminal{?}}
> \opt{\terminal{g}}
> +  path p;
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{}", p) );
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:}", p) );
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:?}", p) );
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:g}", p) );
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:?g}", p) );
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:?g}", p) );
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:F^32?g}", p) );
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:G<{}?g}", p, 32) );
> +  VERIFY( is_format_string_for(L"{:G<{}?g}", p, 32) );
> +
> +  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:g?}", p) );
> +}
> +
> +void
> +test_format_path()
>
Could you take a look on libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc,
and make this test template on _CharT. We could also have two
macros to  patch and add string. Something like:
#define WIDEN_(C, S) ::std::__format::_Widen<C>(S, L##S)
#define WFMT(S) WIDEN(_FCharT, S)
#define WPATH(S) WIDEN(_PCharT, S)

template<typename _FCharT, typename _PCharT>
test_format()
{
  basic_string<_FCharT> res;
  res = std::format(WFMT("{}"), path(WPATH("/usr/include")));
  VERIFY ( res == WFMT("/usr/include") );
// I like to assign the result of fmt to a local variable, and then calling
// verify, because it makes it much easier to debug failures.

And then call test_format<char, char>, test_format<char, wchar_t>,
test_format<wchar_t, char>, test_format<wchar_t, wchar_t> from the main.

+{
> +  VERIFY( std::format("{}", path("/usr/include")) == "/usr/include" );

+  VERIFY( std::format("{:.<10}", path("foo/bar")) == "foo/bar..." );
> +  VERIFY( std::format("{}", path("foo///bar")) == "foo///bar" );
> +  VERIFY( std::format("{:g}", path("foo///bar")) == "foo/bar" );
> +  VERIFY( std::format("{}", path("/path/with/new\nline")) ==
> "/path/with/new\nline" );
> +  VERIFY( std::format("{:?}", path("multi\nline")) == "\"multi\\nline\""
> );
> +  VERIFY( std::format("{:?g}", path("mu///lti\nli///ne")) ==
> "\"mu/lti\\nli/ne\"" );
> +  VERIFY( std::format(L"{}",
>
> path(L"\u0428\u0447\u0443\u0447\u044B\u043D\u0448\u0447\u044B\u043D\u0430"))
> == L"\u0428\u0447\u0443\u0447\u044B\u043D\u0448\u0447\u044B\u043D\u0430"
> );
> +
> +  if constexpr (path::preferred_separator == L'\\')

+  {
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{}", path("C:\\foo\\bar")) == "C:\\foo\\bar" );
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{:g}", path("C:\\foo\\bar")) == "C:/foo/bar" );
> +
> +    path p(L"\xd800");
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{}", p) == "\uFFFD" );
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{:?}", p) == "\"\\x{d800}\"" );
> +    VERIFY( std::format(L"{:?}", p) == L"\"\\x{d800}\"" );
>
I think we can also check that on linux. Just use WPATCH("\uFFFD") to
initialize patch.
>
> +
> +    path p2(L"///\xd800");
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{}", p2) == "///\uFFFD" );
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{:g}", p2) == "/\uFFFD" );
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{:?}", p2) == "\"///\\x{d800}\"" );
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{:?g}", p2) == "\"/\\x{d800}\"" );
> +    VERIFY( std::format("{:C>14?g}", p2) == "CCC\"/\\x{d800}\"" );
> +  }
> +}
> +
> +int main()
> +{
> +  test_format_spec();
> +  test_format_path();
> +}
> --
> 2.43.0
>
>

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