On Mon, 13 Apr 2026 at 15:22 +0200, Tomasz KamiƄski wrote:
This implements the P3961R1: Less double indirection in function_ref.

This patch uses provision provided by the paper for implementations, and
expands the set of the compatible signatures to include ParamType&& and 
ParamType,
and by value return types that differs only in cv-qualifiers. This follows
the move_only_function approach from the r16-617-g708d40ff109c6e. Futhermore the
optimization is also applied when function_ref<Ret(Args...) const> is 
constructed
from function_ref<Ret(Args...)>, even if the underyling target is be mutated by
the call.

The implementations moves the _M_ptrs  members to newly defined base class
__polyfunc::_Ref_base. This allows us to reuse existing __base_of and
__invoker_of accessor in the implementation (after befriending them).
The accessors functions are also now marked as constexpr. Furthermore,
_Ref_base default constructor initializes the _M_ptrs._M_obj to nullptr,
and _M_init function is transfered to it, making it instantiations
independent from callback signature.

To check signature compatiblity required by standard for assignment,  new
__is_funcref_assignable function is used, and _ArgsSignature and _TargetQuals
member typedef are defined in function_ref. To avoid confusion between adjusted
and specified signature, _Signature typedef is removed from all wrappers, and
__is_invoker_convertible is updated to use _Invoker::_Signature instead.

Per SG-10 guidance __cpp_lib_function_ref feature test macro is updated to
202604, differntiating from P3948R1 paper accepted at the same time.

        PR libstdc++/119126

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

        * include/bits/funcwrap.h : (__polyfunc::__invoker_of):
        Updated to use _Invoker::_Signature and mark as constexpr.
        (__polyfunc::_base_of): Mark as constexpr.
        (__std:::__is_function_ref_v, __polyfunc::_Ref_base)
        (__polyfunc::__is_funcref_assignable): Define.
        * include/bits/funcref_impl.h (std::function_ref): Add base class
        of type__polyfunc::_Ref_base. Befriend __invoker_of, __base_of,
        __is_invoker_convertible, __is_invoker_convertible.
        (function_ref::_Base): Define.
        (function_ref::_M_init, function_ref::_M_ptrs): Move to base class.
        (function_ref::function_ref(_Fn&&), function_ref::operator=): Handle
        specializations of function_ref with compatible signatures.
        (function_ref::function_ref): Init base class before _M_invoke
        consistently, and remove setting of _M_nullptr.
        * include/bits/cpyfunc_impl.h (copyable_function): Udpdated friend
        declarations.
        (copyable_function::_Signature): Remove.
        * include/bits/mofunc_impl.h (move_only_function): Udpdated friend
        declarations.
        (move_only_function::_Signature): Remove.
        * include/bits/version.def (function_ref): Bump to 202604.
        * include/bits/version.h: Regnerate.
        * testsuite/20_util/function_ref/cons.cc: Updated checked FTM value.
        * testsuite/20_util/function_ref/conv.cc: Updated test to illustrate
        that double indirection is avoided.
        * testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling.cc: Test for initializing
        from function_ref with compatible signature.
        * testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling_neg.cc: Test for initializing
        from function_ref with incompatible signature.
---
I am using the provisions to skip indirection given by standard to full extents,
including the const to non-const case, that works due refrence to reference
semantics:
 std::function_ref<void()> f(x); // may mutate x
 std::function_ref<void() const> w(f); // f is const callable
However, I think this is aligned with general LEWG vote, that people should
not rely this sematnic.

Testing on x86_64-linux. *function_ref* passed with c++26 mode and modules.
OK for trunk when all test passes?

libstdc++-v3/include/bits/cpyfunc_impl.h      |   7 +-
libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcref_impl.h      |  58 ++++++----
libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcwrap.h          |  52 ++++++++-
libstdc++-v3/include/bits/mofunc_impl.h       |   7 +-
libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def         |   3 +-
libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h           |   4 +-
.../testsuite/20_util/function_ref/cons.cc    |   2 +-
.../testsuite/20_util/function_ref/conv.cc    | 103 ++++++++++++++----
.../20_util/function_ref/dangling.cc          |  17 ++-
.../20_util/function_ref/dangling_neg.cc      |   8 ++
10 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/cpyfunc_impl.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/cpyfunc_impl.h
index f1918ddf87a..580295a5d63 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/cpyfunc_impl.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/cpyfunc_impl.h
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

      using _Base = __polyfunc::_Cpy_base;
      using _Invoker = __polyfunc::_Invoker<_Noex, _Res, _ArgTypes...>;
-      using _Signature = _Invoker::_Signature;

      template<typename _Tp>
        using __callable
@@ -252,14 +251,14 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
      typename _Invoker::__storage_func_t _M_invoke = nullptr;

      template<typename _Func>
-       friend auto&
+       friend constexpr auto&
        __polyfunc::__invoker_of(_Func&) noexcept;

      template<typename _Func>
-       friend auto&
+       friend constexpr auto&
        __polyfunc::__base_of(_Func&) noexcept;

-      template<typename _Dst, typename _Src>
+      template<typename _Src, typename _Dst>
        friend consteval bool
        __polyfunc::__is_invoker_convertible() noexcept;
    };
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcref_impl.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcref_impl.h
index 9fcab570803..151f326f017 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcref_impl.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcref_impl.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
                              noexcept(_Noex)>
      { using type = _Ret(_Args...) noexcept(_Noex); };
  } // namespace __polyfunc
+
  /// @endcond

  /**
@@ -67,13 +68,16 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
  template<typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes, bool _Noex>
    class function_ref<_Res(_ArgTypes...) _GLIBCXX_MOF_CV
                       noexcept(_Noex)>
+    : __polyfunc::_Ref_base
    {
      static_assert(
        (std::__is_complete_or_unbounded(__type_identity<_ArgTypes>()) && ...),
        "each parameter type must be a complete class");

+      using _Base = __polyfunc::_Ref_base;
      using _Invoker = __polyfunc::_Invoker<_Noex, _Res, _ArgTypes...>;
-      using _Signature = _Invoker::_Signature;
+      using _ArgsSignature = _Res(_ArgTypes...) noexcept(_Noex);
+      using _TargetQuals = int _GLIBCXX_MOF_CV&;

      // [func.wrap.ref.ctor]/1 is-invokable-using
      template<typename... _Tps>
@@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        function_ref(_Fn* __fn) noexcept
        {
          __glibcxx_assert(__fn != nullptr);
-         _M_invoke = _Invoker::template _S_ptrs<_Fn*>();
          _M_init(__fn);
+         _M_invoke = _Invoker::template _S_ptrs<_Fn*>();
        }

      /// Target and bound object is object referenced by parameter.
@@ -108,21 +112,21 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        {
          using _Fd = remove_cv_t<_Vt>;
          if constexpr (__is_std_op_wrapper<_Fd>)
-           {
-             _M_invoke = _Invoker::template _S_nttp<_Fd{}>;
-             _M_ptrs._M_obj = nullptr;
-           }
+           _M_invoke = _Invoker::template _S_nttp<_Fd{}>;
          else if constexpr (requires (_ArgTypes&&... __args) {
                    _Fd::operator()(std::forward<_ArgTypes>(__args)...);
                  })
+           _M_invoke = _Invoker::template _S_static<_Fd>;
+         else if constexpr (__is_function_ref_v<_Fd>
+              && __polyfunc::__is_invoker_convertible<_Fd, function_ref>())
            {
-             _M_invoke = _Invoker::template _S_static<_Fd>;
-             _M_ptrs._M_obj = nullptr;
+             _Base::operator=(__polyfunc::__base_of(__f));
+             _M_invoke = __polyfunc::__invoker_of(__f);
            }
          else
            {
-             _M_invoke = _Invoker::template _S_ptrs<_Vt _GLIBCXX_MOF_CV&>();
              _M_init(std::addressof(__f));
+             _M_invoke = _Invoker::template _S_ptrs<_Vt _GLIBCXX_MOF_CV&>();
            }
        }

@@ -146,7 +150,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            static_assert(__fn != nullptr);

          _M_invoke = &_Invoker::template _S_nttp<__fn>;
-         _M_ptrs._M_obj = nullptr;
        }

      /// Target object is equivalent to std::bind_front<_fn>(std::ref(__ref)).
@@ -162,6 +165,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          if constexpr (is_pointer_v<_Fn> || is_member_pointer_v<_Fn>)
            static_assert(__fn != nullptr);

+         _M_init(std::addressof(__ref));
          if constexpr (is_member_pointer_v<_Fn>
                          && same_as<_Td, typename __inv_unwrap<_Td>::type>)
            // N.B. invoking member pointer on lvalue produces the same effects,
@@ -169,7 +173,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            _M_invoke = &_Invoker::template _S_bind_ptr<__fn, _Td 
_GLIBCXX_MOF_CV>;
          else
            _M_invoke = &_Invoker::template _S_bind_ref<__fn, _Td 
_GLIBCXX_MOF_CV&>;
-         _M_init(std::addressof(__ref));
        }

      /// Target object is equivalent to std::bind_front<_fn>(__ptr).
@@ -185,13 +188,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          if constexpr (is_member_pointer_v<_Fn>)
            __glibcxx_assert(__ptr != nullptr);

-         _M_invoke = &_Invoker::template _S_bind_ptr<__fn, _Td 
_GLIBCXX_MOF_CV>;
          _M_init(__ptr);
+         _M_invoke = &_Invoker::template _S_bind_ptr<__fn, _Td 
_GLIBCXX_MOF_CV>;
        }

      template<typename _Tp>
-       requires (!is_same_v<_Tp, function_ref>) && (!is_pointer_v<_Tp>)
+       requires (!is_same_v<_Tp, function_ref>)
+                && (!is_pointer_v<_Tp>)
                 && (!__is_constant_wrapper_v<_Tp>)
+                && (!__polyfunc::__is_funcref_assignable<function_ref, _Tp>())
        function_ref&
        operator=(_Tp) = delete;

@@ -206,18 +211,23 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
      { return _M_invoke(_M_ptrs, std::forward<_ArgTypes>(__args)...); }

    private:
-      template<typename _Tp>
-       constexpr void
-       _M_init(_Tp* __ptr) noexcept
-       {
-         if constexpr (is_function_v<_Tp>)
-           _M_ptrs._M_func = reinterpret_cast<void(*)()>(__ptr);
-         else
-           _M_ptrs._M_obj = __ptr;
-       }
-
      typename _Invoker::__ptrs_func_t _M_invoke;
-      __polyfunc::_Ptrs _M_ptrs;
+
+      template<typename _Func>
+       friend constexpr auto&
+       __polyfunc::__invoker_of(_Func&) noexcept;
+
+      template<typename _Func>
+       friend constexpr auto&
+       __polyfunc::__base_of(_Func&) noexcept;
+
+      template<typename _Src, typename _Dst>
+       friend consteval bool
+       __polyfunc::__is_invoker_convertible() noexcept;
+
+      template<typename _Dst, typename _Src>
+        friend consteval bool
+        __polyfunc::__is_funcref_assignable() noexcept;
    };

#undef _GLIBCXX_MOF_CV
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcwrap.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcwrap.h
index b835e075295..69ae0c131ef 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcwrap.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/funcwrap.h
@@ -231,12 +231,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     using _Invoker = _Base_invoker<_Noex, remove_cv_t<_Ret>, 
__param_t<_Args>...>;

   template<typename _Func>
-     auto&
+     constexpr auto&
     __invoker_of(_Func& __f) noexcept
     { return __f._M_invoke; }

   template<typename _Func>
-     auto&
+     constexpr auto&
     __base_of(_Func& __f) noexcept
     { return static_cast<__like_t<_Func&, typename _Func::_Base>>(__f); }

@@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     consteval bool
     __is_invoker_convertible() noexcept
     {
-       if constexpr (requires { typename _Src::_Signature; })
-        return is_convertible_v<typename _Src::_Signature,
-                                typename _Dst::_Signature>;
+       if constexpr (requires { typename _Src::_Invoker::_Signature; })
+        return is_convertible_v<typename _Src::_Invoker::_Signature,
+                                typename _Dst::_Invoker::_Signature>;
       else
         return false;
     }
@@ -539,6 +539,25 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
  /// @cond undocumented
  namespace __polyfunc
  {
+    struct _Ref_base
+    {
+      template<typename _Tp>
+       constexpr void
+       _M_init(_Tp* __ptr) noexcept
+       {
+         if constexpr (is_function_v<_Tp>)
+           _M_ptrs._M_func = reinterpret_cast<void(*)()>(__ptr);
+         else
+           _M_ptrs._M_obj = __ptr;
+       }
+
+      constexpr
+      _Ref_base() noexcept
+      { _M_ptrs._M_obj = nullptr; }
+
+      _Ptrs _M_ptrs;
+    };
+
    template<typename _Sig>
      struct __skip_first_arg;

@@ -585,6 +604,29 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
    function_ref(constant_wrapper<__cwfn, _Fn>, _Tp&&)
      -> function_ref<remove_pointer_t<_SignaturePtr>>;

+  /// @cond undocumented
+  template<typename _Tp>
+    constexpr bool __is_function_ref_v = false;
+  template<typename _Tp>
+    constexpr bool __is_function_ref_v<function_ref<_Tp>> = true;
+
+  /// @cond undocumented

This @cond is not matched with an @endcond which will confuse Doxygen
(https://github.com/doxygen/doxygen/issues/12071).

It lkooks fine apart from that. I like the _TargetQuals typedef to
check for convertibility.

OK for trunk.


+  namespace __polyfunc
+  {
+    template<typename _Dst, typename _Src>
+      consteval bool
+      __is_funcref_assignable() noexcept
+      {
+       if constexpr (__is_function_ref_v<_Src>)
+         if constexpr (is_convertible_v<typename _Src::_ArgsSignature*,
+                                        typename _Dst::_ArgsSignature*>)
+           return is_convertible_v<typename _Dst::_TargetQuals,
+                                   typename _Src::_TargetQuals>;
+       return false;
+      }
+  } // namespace __polyfunc
+  /// @endcond
+
#endif // __glibcxx_function_ref

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/mofunc_impl.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/mofunc_impl.h
index 468e6855fc6..91a78bfca01 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/mofunc_impl.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/mofunc_impl.h
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

      using _Base = __polyfunc::_Mo_base;
      using _Invoker = __polyfunc::_Invoker<_Noex, _Res, _ArgTypes...>;
-      using _Signature = _Invoker::_Signature;

      template<typename _Tp>
        using __callable
@@ -236,14 +235,14 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
      typename _Invoker::__storage_func_t _M_invoke = nullptr;

      template<typename _Func>
-       friend auto&
+       friend constexpr auto&
        __polyfunc::__invoker_of(_Func&) noexcept;

      template<typename _Func>
-       friend auto&
+       friend constexpr auto&
        __polyfunc::__base_of(_Func&) noexcept;

-      template<typename _Dst, typename _Src>
+      template<typename _Src, typename _Dst>
        friend consteval bool
        __polyfunc::__is_invoker_convertible() noexcept;
    };
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
index b88d9c3483f..539dc5ee4eb 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.def
@@ -1962,9 +1962,10 @@ ftms = {
  // 202306 P0792R14 function_ref: a non-owning reference to a Callable
  // 202511 P3774R1  Rename std::nontype, and make it broadly useful
  // 202603 P3948R1  constant_wrapper is the only tool needed for passing...
+  // 202604 P3961R1  Less double indirection in function_ref (RU-220)
  name = function_ref;
  values = {
-    v = 202603;
+    v = 202604;
    cxxmin = 26;
  };
};
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
index 24ec0175e1e..57aa5baf5f9 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/version.h
@@ -2183,9 +2183,9 @@

#if !defined(__cpp_lib_function_ref)
# if (__cplusplus >  202302L)
-#  define __glibcxx_function_ref 202603L
+#  define __glibcxx_function_ref 202604L
#  if defined(__glibcxx_want_all) || defined(__glibcxx_want_function_ref)
-#   define __cpp_lib_function_ref 202603L
+#   define __cpp_lib_function_ref 202604L
#  endif
# endif
#endif /* !defined(__cpp_lib_function_ref) */
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/cons.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/cons.cc
index e6c13e3e538..33f30099c54 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/cons.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/cons.cc
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@

#ifndef __cpp_lib_function_ref
# error "Feature-test macro for function_ref missing in <functional>"
-#elif __cpp_lib_function_ref != 202603L
+#elif __cpp_lib_function_ref != 202604L
# error "Feature-test macro for function_ref has wrong value in <functional>"
#endif

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/conv.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/conv.cc
index 7606d265f98..4d772580b39 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/conv.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/conv.cc
@@ -36,8 +36,33 @@ static_assert( std::is_same_v<std::function_ref<void(int 
const[5])>,
static_assert( std::is_same_v<std::function_ref<void(FuncType)>,
                              std::function_ref<void(FuncType*)>>);

-// The C++26 [func.wrap.general] p2 does not currently cover funciton_ref,
-// so we make extra copies of arguments.
+// Compatible signatures per standard, function_ref is assingable
+static_assert( std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<int(long) noexcept>&,
+                                   std::function_ref<int(long) const 
noexcept>> );
+static_assert( std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<int(long) const>&,
+                                   std::function_ref<int(long) const 
noexcept>> );
+static_assert( std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<int(long)>&,
+                                   std::function_ref<int(long) const 
noexcept>> );
+
+// Incompatible signatures per standard,  not assignable
+static_assert( !std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<int(long) const>&,
+                                    std::function_ref<int(long)>> );
+static_assert( !std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<int(int)>&,
+                                    std::function_ref<int(long)>> );
+static_assert( !std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<long(long)>&,
+                                    std::function_ref<int(long)>> );
+static_assert( !std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<long(int)>&,
+                                    std::function_ref<int(long)>> );
+
+// Implementation-specific compatible signatures, function_ref is not 
assingable
+static_assert( !std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)>&,
+                                    std::function_ref<int(CountedArg&&)>> );
+static_assert( !std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<CountedArg()>&,
+                                    std::function_ref<const CountedArg(long)>> 
);
+static_assert( !std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<const CountedArg()>&,
+                                    std::function_ref<CountedArg(long)>> );
+static_assert( !std::is_assignable_v<std::function_ref<int(long) const>&,
+                                    std::function_ref<int(long)>> );

void
test01()
@@ -54,26 +79,40 @@ test01()
  VERIFY( r2c(c) == 2 );

  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) const> r3r(r1);
-  VERIFY( r3r(c) == 2 );
+  VERIFY( r3r(c) == 1 );
  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) const> r3m(m1);
  VERIFY( r3m(c) == 2 );
  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) const> r3c(c1);
  VERIFY( r3c(c) == 2 );

-  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> r4r(r1);
-  VERIFY( r4r(c) == 2 );
-  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> r4m(m1);
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) noexcept> r4r(r1);
+  VERIFY( r4r(c) == 1 );
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) noexcept> r4m(m1);
  VERIFY( r4m(c) == 2 );
-  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> r4c(c1);
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) noexcept> r4c(c1);
  VERIFY( r4c(c) == 2 );

+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> r5r(r1);
+  VERIFY( r4r(c) == 1 );
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> r5m(m1);
+  VERIFY( r4m(c) == 2 );
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> r5c(c1);
+  VERIFY( r4c(c) == 2 );
+
+  r3r = r1;
+  VERIFY( r3r(c) == 1 );
+  r4r = r1;
+  VERIFY( r4r(c) == 1 );
+  r5r = r1;
+  VERIFY( r5r(c) == 1 );
+
  // Incompatible signatures
-  std::function_ref<long(CountedArg) const noexcept> r5r(r1);
-  VERIFY( r5r(c) == 2 );
-  std::function_ref<long(CountedArg) const noexcept> r5m(m1);
-  VERIFY( r5r(c) == 2 );
-  std::function_ref<long(CountedArg) const noexcept> r5c(c1);
-  VERIFY( r5r(c) == 2 );
+  std::function_ref<long(CountedArg) const noexcept> r6r(r1);
+  VERIFY( r6r(c) == 2 );
+  std::function_ref<long(CountedArg) const noexcept> r6m(m1);
+  VERIFY( r6r(c) == 2 );
+  std::function_ref<long(CountedArg) const noexcept> r6c(c1);
+  VERIFY( r6r(c) == 2 );
}

void
@@ -110,7 +149,7 @@ test03()
  // Call const overload as std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) const>
  // inside std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> would do.
  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> r2(r1);
-  VERIFY( r2(c) == 1002 );
+  VERIFY( r2(c) == 1001 );
  std::move_only_function<int(CountedArg)> m2(r1);
  VERIFY( m2(c) == 1002 );

@@ -119,7 +158,7 @@ test03()
  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg)> r3(f);
  VERIFY( r3(c) == 1 );
  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) const> r4(r3);
-  VERIFY( r4(c) == 2 );
+  VERIFY( r4(c) == 1 );
  std::move_only_function<int(CountedArg) const> m4(r3);
  VERIFY( m4(c) == 2 );
}
@@ -234,7 +273,7 @@ test07()
  std::function_ref<int()> r3r(r1);
  VERIFY( r3r() == 2 );
  r1 = f1;
-  VERIFY( r3r() == 1 ); // converting-constructor
+  VERIFY( r3r() == 2 ); // converting-constructor

  std::function_ref<int()> r3m(m1);
  VERIFY( r3m() == 2 );
@@ -263,6 +302,19 @@ test08()
void
test09()
{
+  auto f = [](CountedArg arg) noexcept { return arg.counter; };
+  // For non-tirival types Param and Param&& are compatible.
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg) const noexcept> r1(f);
+  VERIFY( r1({}) == 1 );
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg&&) const noexcept> r2(r1);
+  VERIFY( r2({}) == 1 );
+
+  auto fs = [](CountedArg const& arg, std::string) noexcept { return 
arg.counter; };
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg, std::string) const noexcept> rs1(fs);
+  VERIFY( rs1(c, "") == 1 );
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg, std::string&&) const noexcept> rs2(rs1);
+  VERIFY( rs2(c, "") == 1 );
+
  // Scalar types and small trivially move constructible types are passed
  // by value to invoker. So int&& signature is not compatible for such types.
  auto fi = [](CountedArg const& arg, int) noexcept { return arg.counter; };
@@ -271,11 +323,20 @@ test09()
  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg, int&&) const noexcept> ri2(ri1);
  VERIFY( ri2(c, 0) == 2 );

-  auto fs = [](CountedArg const& arg, std::string_view) noexcept { return 
arg.counter; };
-  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg, std::string_view) const noexcept> rs1(fs);
-  VERIFY( rs1(c, "") == 1 );
-  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg, std::string_view&&) const noexcept> 
rs2(rs1);
-  VERIFY( rs2(c, "") == 2 );
+  auto fv = [](CountedArg const& arg, std::string_view) noexcept { return 
arg.counter; };
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg, std::string_view) const noexcept> rv1(fv);
+  VERIFY( rv1(c, "") == 1 );
+  std::function_ref<int(CountedArg, std::string_view&&) const noexcept> 
rv2(rv1);
+  VERIFY( rv2(c, "") == 2 );
+
+  // CV-qual on by-value return is also ignored
+  auto fr = [](CountedArg const& arg) noexcept { return arg; };
+  std::function_ref<CountedArg(CountedArg) const noexcept> rr1(fr);
+  VERIFY( rr1(c).counter == 2 );
+  std::function_ref<const CountedArg(CountedArg) const noexcept> rr2(rr1);
+  VERIFY( rr2(c).counter == 2 );
+  std::function_ref<CountedArg(CountedArg)> rr3(rr2);
+  VERIFY( rr3(c).counter == 2 );
}

int main()
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling.cc
index 4ef5d067555..4a7b102c788 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling.cc
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
// { dg-do compile { target c++26 } }

#include <functional>
+#include <string>

-template<typename F>
-constexpr std::function_ref<int(int, int) const>
+template<typename Signature = int(int, int) const, typename F>
+constexpr std::function_ref<Signature>
create(F f)
{
-  std::function_ref<int(int, int) const> fr(f);
+  std::function_ref<Signature> fr(f);
  return fr;
}

@@ -72,3 +73,13 @@ struct StaticWinsET {

constexpr auto vStaticWinsET = create(StaticWinsET{});

+auto func = [](std::string s) noexcept -> int
+{ return s.size(); };
+
+constexpr std::function_ref<int(std::string)> stdCompatibleFRef
+  = std::function_ref<int(std::string) const noexcept>(func);
+constexpr std::function_ref<int(std::string&&)> implCompatible1FRef
+  = std::function_ref<int(std::string)>(func);
+constexpr std::function_ref<int(std::string) const> implCompatible2FRef
+  = std::function_ref<int(std::string)>(func);
+
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling_neg.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling_neg.cc
index 16033014703..4e99f82a50c 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling_neg.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/20_util/function_ref/dangling_neg.cc
@@ -74,3 +74,11 @@ struct InstanceWinsET {

constexpr auto vInstanceWinsET = create(InstanceWinsET{}); // { dg-error "is not a 
constant expression" }

+constexpr auto func = [](std::string s) noexcept -> int
+{ return s.size(); };
+
+constexpr std::function_ref<int(const std::string&)> incompatible1FRef
+  = std::function_ref<int(std::string)>(func); // { dg-error "is not a constant 
expression" }
+constexpr std::function_ref<long(std::string)> incompatible2FRef
+  = std::function_ref<int(std::string)>(func); // { dg-error "is not a constant 
expression" }
+
--
2.53.0



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