Anak-anak itu hanyalah "colateral damage" yang memang harus dikorbankan untuk
melahirkan "economic miracle" yang terus membuat orang ternganga kagum dengan
cara Deng membangun "Sosialismenya" melalui penghisapan....
On Thursday, July 12, 2018 5:29 PM, "Jonathan Goeij
jonathango...@yahoo..com [GELORA45]" <GELORA45@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
Even children from the countryside who move to the cities with their parents
are unlikely to get a good education. In recent years, restrictions on migrants
to the cities have been easing. But in most cities, migrant parents still have
great difficulty sending their children to good local schools because they need
documents such as a resident permit, job and rental contracts, proof that taxes
have been paid and so on.
....
The Orphans of China’s Economic Miracle
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Opinion | The Orphans of China’s Economic Miracle
Millions of migrants have left their children behind in the villages —
sometimes to live with family members, so... |
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By Lijia Zhang
- March 27, 2018
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查看简体中文版查看繁體中文版CreditPing Zhu
BEIJING — In the spring of 2015, 13-year-old Huang Kailong had just skipped a
grade, from fifth to seventh, and her future sparkled with promise. Then she
ran away from home. In a letter to her parents, Kailong explained the reason
for leaving: She felt unloved.Kailong grew up in Jidao, a picturesque village
in Guizhou Province, one of the least developed in China. In her letter, she
reminded her parents that they had left her with an aunt when she was just a
year old. During the bulk of her childhood, her parents would go away for about
four months every year to chop sugar cane in Guangdong Province, and they’d
leave her with different relatives, an arrangement she had resented.“I felt
like a stray dog,” she said to me in the coastal city of Wenzhou, where she now
lives with her boyfriend and several dogs they took in from the street.In
January, social media across the world lit up with the wind-burned face of Wang
Fuman, an 8-year-old living with his grandparents in a remote village in Yunnan
Province who treks almost three miles to school every day. He showed up in his
classroom one morning with frost-covered hair, a teacher took his photo, posted
it online and it went viral. The picture drew attention to the plight of the
many Chinese children who grow up in the countryside without their parents
nearby.
In the last three decades, 280 million Chinese people have left their villages
for the booming cities in search of work, making up the greatest wave of
migration in human history. But while seeking a better long-term future for
their families through more lucrative employment, millions of these migrants
left their children behind in the villages — sometimes to live with family
members, sometimes to fend for themselves.Reliable data are always hard to come
by in China. According to a 2013 report from the All-China Women’s Federation,
30 million children — more than 10 percent of all children in China — were
living in the countryside without their parents, often in the care of
relatives. A 2016 government report said that at least 360,000 of the children
were left totally alone, with no family members to take care of them.Parents
have many good reasons for leaving their children behind: the high cost of
living in cities, unstable employment so far from home and the restraints of
China’s household registry system, known as hukou, which ties citizens’ welfare
benefits and school privileges to their place of birth.In the countryside,
children left with extended family — usually uneducated or even illiterate
grandparents with onerous jobs — are at risk of not getting adequate care.
Discipline is often lacking. Aging guardians may fail to send the young
children to preschool or may be unable to help older children with their
homework. The lack of parental care in the countryside has been correlated with
emotional and developmental problems among children.
And while urban children have thrived academically in recent decades, that has
not been the case for their rural cousins, especially those who have been left
behind. A study by Stanford University researchers, in collaboration with
Chinese academics, found that children in the countryside were much less likely
to complete high school. Those with both parents having left for the city
perform markedly worse in school than those having one parent around, and boys
are affected more than girls.Other factors contribute to low academic
achievement in rural China — notably, poor teaching standards and facilities at
rural schools, and prohibitively high tuition costs (only nine years of school
is free). But the crucial factor is the absence of parents.Even children from
the countryside who move to the cities with their parents are unlikely to get a
good education. In recent years, restrictions on migrants to the cities have
been easing. But in most cities, migrant parents still have great difficulty
sending their children to good local schools because they need documents such
as a resident permit, job and rental contracts, proof that taxes have been paid
and so on.Several sensational stories in recent years have brought attention to
the problem of left-behind children. Among them, in June 2015, four left-behind
siblings committed suicide together by swallowing pesticide in Guizhou
Province.In response, in 2016 the government called for better social services
to protect such children. But on my recent visits to the countryside, in
interviews with children and parents, it’s clear that a great deal more needs
to be done. Rural education and village-level social services still lag. And
migrants must be allowed to send their children to good local schools in urban
areas where they work — and not substandard, makeshift schools for migrant
kids.Without effectively addressing the problems facing left-behind children
and providing for the needs of rural youths, the vaunted “Chinese Dream” will
remain unfulfilled for much of the country.Lijia Zhang is a journalist and the
author of the novel “Lotus.”Follow The New York Times Opinion section on
Facebook and Twitter (@NYTopinion), and sign up for the Opinion Today
newsletter.
A version of this article appears in print on March 27, 2018 in The
International New York Times. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe
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