Mengatakan Tiongkok kapitalis-imperialis tidak membutuhkan Indonesia adalah
omongan kaum kolonial dan kaum imperialis serta semua lembaganya seperti IMF,
bank dunia WTO kepada negeri-negeri jajahannya. Kemana-mana IMF, Bank Dunia
selalu bilang negeri terbelakang hanya bisa berkembang dengan "bantuan" alias
utang negara-negara industri yang sudah lebih maju. Silahkan menyimak tulisan
di bawah ini, ada versi bhs Indonesia yang saya bikin, dan ada yang aslinya
dalam bhs Inggris.
Supaya tidak cape bacanya, mengingat banyak orang tidak suka baca
panjang-panjang, saya tampilkan saja beberapa kutipan dari sebuah tulisan yang
menyangkut penanaman modal Tiongkok di Afrika pada jaman Mao dan setelah Deng
xiaoping dan kliknya berkuasa dan merestorasi kapitalisme.Pada jaman Mao,
bantuan Tkk betul-betul diabdikan untuk membantu negeri itu dan Tkk sosialis
tidak menggunakan bantuan itu untuk mengeksplotasi kekayaan alam negeri itu.
Sebaliknya, setelah tahun 2000, Tkk kapitalis menggunakan kebutuhan
negeri-negeri Afrika untuk membangun infrastrukturnya guna mendapatkan
keuntungan untuk dirinya sendiri. Bantuan Tkk untuk pembangunan infrastruktur,
pada umumnya menguntungkan korporasi Tkk sendiri, melalui syarat penggunaan
perlengkapan dan bahan yang diproduksi oleh korporasinya sendiri. Inilah yang
saya bilang, dalam keadaan krisis dunia dimana Tkk sendiri mengalami kelambatan
pertumbuhan dan menurunnya permintaan dari AS dan Eropa, maka syarat ini adalah
untuk menyelamatkan korporasi Tkk dari kebangkrutan karena turun permintaan
atas produknya.Apa jaminan yang diberikan negeri pengutang kepada Tkk?? Sumber
kekayaan negeri itu!!! Tidak heran kalau modal yang ditumplekkan Tkk di Afrika
umumnya berkaitan dengan penguasaan Tkk atas sumber alamnya. Tahun 2008, China
Railway Group mendapatkan hak menambang tembaga dan cobalt di Kongo dengan
mengibarkan slogan "proyek infrastruktur untuk sumber alam". Disamping untuk
mendapatkan kekayaan alam Afrika, modal Tkk mengalir ke Afrika juga untuk
menciptakan kesempatan bisnis bagi korporasi Tkk sendiri. Analis Tkk sendiri
mengakui:"Ketika kami memberi bantuan sebesar RMB 1 miliar kepada Afrika, kami
akan mendapatkan kontrak layanan senilai USD 1 miliar (RMB 6 miliar) dari
Afrika." Sebagai imbalan untuk sebagian besar bantuan keuangan Tkk ke Afrika,
Beijing mengharuskan pembangunan infrastruktur dan kontrak lainnya mendukung
korporasi penyedia layanan Tkk: 70 persen dari kontrak itu harus dengan
perusahaan yang sudah "disetujui," kebanyakan milik negara, baru sisanya
terbuka untuk perusahaan lokal, tapi ha...ha..banyak di antaranya juga
merupakan usaha patungan dengan kelompok Tkk. Jadi , apa yang dilihat banyak
orang sebagai "bantuan" Tkk ke Afrika sebenarnya, dalam prakteknya, menciptakan
bisnis bagi perusahaan Tkk dan menciptakan pekerjaan untuk pekerja Tkk. Inilah
sebetulnya tujuan pokok dari strategi 'going out" dari Tkk.
During the Cold War, foreign aid an importantpolitical tool that China used to
gain Africa’s diplomatic recognition and tocompete with the United States and
the Soviet Union for Africa’s support. Between 1963 and 1964, ZhouEnlai visited
10 African countries and announced the well-known “EightPrinciples of Foreign
Economic and Technological Assistance.”[10] These aid principles were designed
tocompete simultaneously with the “imperialists” (the United States) and
the“revisionists” (the Soviet Union) for Africa’s approval and support.
Theseefforts were enhanced during the Cultural Revolution under the influence
of aradical revolutionary ideology, motivatingChina to provide large amounts of
foreign aid to Africa despite its owndomestic economic difficulties.. [11] One
famous example was the Tanzania-ZambiaRailway built between 1970 and 1975, for
which China provided a zero-interestloan of RMB 980 million. By the mid-1980s,
China’s generous assistance hadopened the door to diplomatic recognition with
44 African countries. [12]
Sincethe beginning of China’s reform and opening up, especially after 2000,
Africa has become anincreasingly important economic partner for China. Africa
enjoys rich naturalresources and market potential, and urgently needs
infrastructure anddevelopment finance to stimulate economic growth. Chinese
development finance, combined with the aid, aimsat not only benefiting the
local recipient countries, but also China itself.For example, China’s “tied
aid” forinfrastructure usually favors Chinese companies (especially
state-ownedenterprises), while its loans are in many cases backed by African
naturalresources.
MuchChinese financing to Africa is associated with securing the continent’s
natural resources.Using what is sometimes characterized as the “Angola Model,”
Chinas frequentlyprovides low-interest loans to nations who rely on
commodities, such as oil ormineral resources, as collateral.[13] In these
cases, the recipient nationsusually suffer from low credit ratings and have
great difficulty obtainingfunding from the international financial market;
China makes financingrelatively available—with certain conditions.
Though commodity-backed loans were not created byChina – leading Western banks
were making such loans to African countries,including Angola and Ghana, before
China Eximbank and Angola completed their firstoil-backed loan in March 2004 –
but the Chinese built the model to scale andapplied it using a systematic
approach. In Angola in 2006, USD 4 billion insuch loans probably helped Chinese
oil companies win the exploitation rights tomultiple oil blocks.[14] In 2010,
Sinopec’s acquisition of a 50percent stake in Block 18 coincided with the
disbursement of the first trancheof Eximbank funding, and in 2005, Sinopec’s
acquisition of rights to Block 3/80coincided with the announcement of a new USD
2 billion loan from China Eximbankto the Angolan government.[15] In 2008, the
China Railway Group used the same model tosecure the mining rights to the
Democratic Republic of Congo’s copper andcobalt mines under the slogan
“(Infrastructure) projects for resources.”[16] Accordingto Debra Brautigam, a
top expert on China-Africa relations, between 2004 and2011, China reached
similar unprecedented deals with at leastseven resource-rich African countries,
with a total volume ofnearly USD 14 billion.[17]
In additionto securing Africa’s natural resources, China’s capital flows into
Africa alsocreate business opportunities for Chinese service contractors, such
asconstruction companies. According to Chinese analysts, Africa is
China’ssecond-largest supplier of service contracts, and “when we provide
Africa assistance of RMB 1 billion, we will getservice contracts worth USD 1
billion (RMB 6 billion) from Africa.”[18] Inexchange for most Chinese financial
aid to Africa, Beijing requires thatinfrastructure construction and other
contracts favor Chinese serviceproviders: 70 percent of them go to “approved,”
mostly state-owned, Chinesecompanies, and the rest are open to local firms,
many of which are also jointventures with Chinese groups.[19] In this sense,
China’s financing toAfrica, including aid, createsbusiness for Chinese
companies and employment opportunities for Chineselaborers, a critical goal of
Beijing’s Going Out strategy.
Chinais not helping Africa in exchange for nothing. Chinese projects create
accessto Africa’s natural resources and local markets, business opportunities
forChinese companies and employment for Chinese labors
On Tuesday, November 27, 2018, 11:07:53 PM GMT+1, [email protected]
[GELORA45] <[email protected]> wrote:
Betul, ngomong sih gampang tentang mau batalkan proyek yg. tentu ada
kontraknya. Akhli2 ekonomi dan infrastruktur negara Indonesia yg harus
menghitung "a short term dan long term" untung-ruginya (berapa harus membayar
kerugian/dendanya) kalau mau membatalkan suatu proyek. Buat Tiongkok tidak
masalah, batal ya menerima dendanya dari pembatalan proyek. Tkk tidak
tergantung dari Indonesia koq, wong Tkk mempunyai proyek2 diseluruh dunia di
Asia, Afrika dan sekarang di Amerika Latin juga.
---In [email protected], <ilmesengero@...> wrote :
Proyek bisa dibatalkan asal saja bisa mampu bayar ganti kerugian.
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