Dalam rangka memperingati Hari Wanita Internasional, saya tidak lupa kepada pahlawan-pahlawan wanita Soviet yang telah memberi sumbangan bahkan nyawanya untuk membela tanah airnya dari cengkeraman fasisme Hitler. Keberanian dan kepahlawanannya akan terus menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi semua mereka yang mengemban cita-cita pembebasan rakyat dari penghisapan dan penindasan
29 1941 The torture and death of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya The Germans often made a public spectacle of partisans that were executed in an attempt to deter the local population from supporting them. The body of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya with the sign 'Arsonist' around her neck. The threat to Moscow now seemed desperate. Many Soviet citizens were mobilised to build the city’s defences. Many volunteered for more dangerous duties. Eighteen year old Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was still in college in Moscow when she volunteered to join a guerrilla group that would operate behind enemy lines. The Partisan unit that she was operating with was split into small groups with orders to burn down the villages where the German troops were sheltering. An attempt by Zoya’s group to burn down the village of Petrisheva on the 27th November failed when their leader was captured and killed. Zoya returned alone the following night but was found and betrayed by one of the locals. She was then tortured by the Germans attempting to discover her comrades. According to one report she was tortured all night so badly that a German officer in the next room was unable bear the sound of it. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya remained defiant to the end. She only gave her name as Tanya and named no-one else. The villagers who were forced to watch her execution on the 29th were to witness her remarkable final declaration: You hang me now but I am not alone. There are 200 million of us. You won’t hang everybody. I shall be avenged. Soldiers! Surrender before it is too late. Victory will be ours. Their account of what happened did not reach the Soviet press until January 1942. She was declared a Hero of the Soviet Union in February, her story making her one of the legends of the Russian resistance. It was a story that was re-inforced when these German pictures were subsequently captured. The body of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, bearing the signs of torture, was left on display for some time. Photo by Sergey Strunnikov of Pravda newspaper In Petrischevo Zoya managed to set fire to horsestables and a couple of houses. However, one Russian collaborationist had noticed her and informed his masters. They rewarded his service with a bottle of vodka. The Germans then caught Zoya when she started to set fire to yet another house. She was taken to the hut, which was used as headquarters. The owners of the house were asked to go to the kitchen. The commanding officer himself interrogated Zoya, speaking in Russian. "Who are you?" asked the colonel. "I won't tell." "Was it you who set fire to the stables?" "Yes." "What is your aim?" "To destroy you." ....Silence... "When did you cross the front line?" "On Friday." "You got here too soon for that." "Why waste time?" They asked Zoya who sent her and who came with her. They demanded that she should tell them who her comrades were. Through the door came her answers: No; I don't know; I won't tell. Then belts hissed through the air, and one could hear them lacerating the bare flesh. After a few minutes a young officer jumped out of the room into the kitchen, buried his head in his hands and sat thus till the end of the interrogation, his eyes shut and his fingers plugging his ears. But those, who beat Zoya, were laughing. The owners of the house counted two hundred blows. Not a sound came from Zoya. And afterwards she again said: No; I won't tell; only her voice sounded fainter. When the interrogation was over Zoya had a large purple-black bruise on her forehead, and weals on her arms and legs. She was breathing heavily. She was half undressed and barefoot. The girl's hands were bound behind her. Her lips were bloody and swollen. She had evidently bitten them for not to cry.. She asked for water. One of Russian home owners stepped up with a mug of water. However, the German sentry was too quick for him. He snatched a burning kerosene lamp from the table and held it up to Zoya's mouth. The Russian began to plead for the girl. The German snarled at him, but then grudgingly gave way. She drained two large mugfuls. Then soldiers swarmed into the hut, surrounded the girl and amused themselves. Some of them pounded her in the sides with their fists, others held lighted matches under her chin, and one of them drew a saw across her back. Only when soldiers sufficiently diverted themselves they retired. Thereupon the sentry put his rifle at the ready and ordered Zoya to get up and go out of the house. He marched her along the street, the point of his bayonet almost touching her back. The outdoor temperature was -20oC (-4oF) . Barefoot, wearing nothing but her underclothes, she walked through the snow until her torturer himself was cold and decided that it was time to return to the warm hut. That sentry stood guard over Zoya from ten in the evening till two in the morning, and every hour he led her out into the street for fifteen or twenty minutes. At last a new sentry took over. This one was less wicked and did not get Zoya into the street. He untited her arms and even asked the homeowners for a pillow. So Zoya could lay down on the bench. We don't know if she slept or not, but we do know that throughout the night not a sound came from Zoya, though her blackened, frost-bitten feet must have caused a lot of pain. In the morning the officers came in. One of them again asked Zoya, "Tell us who you are." Zoya did not answer. "Tell us where is Stalin." "Stalin is at his post," answered Zoya. The master of the house and his wife did not hear the rest of the questioning, for they were driven out of the house and allowed in again only when the interrogation was over. It was, probably, then that Germans tore off Zoya's fingernails (they had been missing on her body). Around 10am they dressed Zoya, and hung a board with the inscription: 'Houseburner.' Thus they marched her out onto the square with the gallows. The place of execution was surrounded by horsemen with drawn swords, a hundred German soldiers and some officers. The village folk had been forced to attend the execution. Under the noose hanging from the crossbeam of the gallows were two boxes, placed one on top of the other. The executioners lifted the girl onto the boxes and threw the noose round her neck. One of the officers began to focus the lens of his camera on the gallows. The commandant made a sign to the soldiers acting as hangmen to wait. Zoya took advantage of this and, addressing the farmers, shouted in a loud clear voice, "Comrades! Why are you so gloomy? I am not afraid to die! I am happy to die for my people! Be brave, fight the Germans, burn them, poison them!" A German standing next to her tried to hit her on her mouth, but she warded off his blow and turning to the soldiers shouted "You'll hang me now, but I am not alone. There are two hundred million of us, and you can't hang us all. My comrades will avenge my death. Germans, surrender before it is too late. Victory will be ours!" The hangman wrenched at the rope, and the noose tightened around Zoya's throat. Tugging at it with both hands she stood up on her toes and shouted with all her strength, "Farewell, Comrades! Fight, don't be afraid!" Zoya hung on the gowels for the whole month. During Christmass week a bunch of drunk Germans stubbed her with knives and cut off her left breast. After that the commanding officers decided to hide their crimes and bury Zoya. In the middle of January 1942 the village of Petrischevo was liberated by the Soviet Army. Zoya was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The collaborationist, who sold her for a bottle of vodka, fell victim to Stalin's repressions. After some time the soldier, who photographed Zoya's execution, was killed in action. With him were the photographs shown below. Background music: "Orlyonok" (The Eaglet), a 1936 song about the death of a young communist before a firing squad; Music by V. Beliy, Text by Ya. Shvedov; Performed in 1970 by Valentina Levko. File source sovmusic.ru. Sources: Pyotr Lidov, Tanya (The first article about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya), Pravda, 27 January 1942 (in Russian) Mikhail Gorinov, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (1923-1941) Otechestvennaya istoriia, ¹1, 2003 (in Russian) Klavdia Miloradova, Memoirs of Klavdia Miloradova in "Life and heroic deed of Zoya" 1998 (in Russian) Further reading: More info about Zoya (in English) is available from Greeklish.org. | | | Comrade Zoya | | | | | | | | | | | Comrade Zoya A short video about the lives of Shura (ALexander) Kosmodemyansky and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The narration Zoya'... | | | During WWII, Soviet women often displayed no less heroism than men, fighting the enemy as pilots, tank drivers, snipers or partisans. Ninety women were decorated with the highest military award, the Hero of the Soviet Union, for their contribution to victory. Lidiya Litvyak Sputnik With 12 air victories, fighter pilot Lidya Litvyak was the best female hotshot not only of WWII, but of all times. She was killed in action on August 1, 1943, when she was only 21. Yekaterina Budanova Wikipedia Yekaterina Budanova was female ace number 2, and a friend of Lidiya Litvyak. She is credited with 11 victories. Budanova never saw the end of the war, since she was killed in 1943 at the age of 26. Maria Oktyabrskaya P.Smirnov/Wikipedia Shortly after the start of WWII, Maria Oktyabrskaya sold all her possessions to donate toward acquiring a tank for the war effort. She christened the tank “Fighting Girlfriend,” and received a personal allowance from Stalin to become its driver mechanic, the first woman in the world who became such. Maria Oktyabrskaya was fatally wounded in northern Belorussia in 1944, when she was 38. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Wikipedia The first woman decorated as a Hero of the Soviet Union during WWII, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya acted as a saboteur in the German rear. She was caught, tortured and hanged on November 21, 1941, when she was only 18. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became one of the most popular symbols of the Nazi resistance in the Soviet Union. Natalya Meklin Sputnik Natalya Meklin was a link commander in the famous 46th Guards Night Bomber Regiment, widely known as the “Night Witches.” She completed 980 combat missions. Successfully surviving the war, Meklin died in 2005 at the age of 82. Lyudmila Pavlichenko Sputnik Credited with 309 kills, Lyudmila Pavlichenko is regarded not only as sniper number 1 among women, but also as one of the best snipers overall. In 1942 she visited the USA as a part of a Soviet delegation and met President Franklin Roosevelt. Pavlichenko died in 1974 at the age of 58. Tatyana Makarova Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation A link commander in the “Night Witches” regiment, Tatyana Makarova was killed in action on August 25, 1944, in the skies over Poland. She was 23 years old. Alexandra Samusenko Anatoly Morozov/Wikipedia Female tank operator Alexandra Samusenko was a T-34 tank commander and the only woman deputy commander of the tank battalion. The 23-year-old Samusenko died of wounds on March 3, 1945. Roza Shanina Wikipedia Soviet sniper Roza Shanina was known for her capacity of making doublets – hitting two targets with two rounds fired in quick succession. Before she was killed at the age of 20 on January 28, 1945, Shanina eliminated 59 enemy soldiers and officers. Nina Petrova Wikipedia The most senior female sniper, Nina Petrova was 46 when the Great Patriotic War started. She voluntarily joined the army and managed to eliminate 122 enemy soldiers during the whole period. She died in a car crash on the very eve of victory – May 1, 1945. Helene Kullman Wikipedia Soviet Estonian Helene Kullman was an intelligence agent who operated in the territory of Nazi-occupied Estonia. She was caught and executed on March 6, 1943, at the age of 23. Aniela Krzywoń Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation Aniela Krzywoń was a private in the "Emilia Plater" Independent Women's Battalion of the Polish People’s Army, which operated within the Soviet troops during the war. On October 12, 1943, the 18-year-old Emilia died while rescuing wounded soldiers and saving important documents from a burning truck after a Luftwaffe raid. She is the only Polish female awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.
