Bg. Djie, Proses lingkaran produksi yg komplit disuatu desa di Tkk. Puluhan tahun yg lalu saya pernah mengunjungi suatu desa di Tkk, Ntah dimana dn apa nama desa itu, lupa. Desa itu terutama mrmelihara ulat sutra. Ini adalah suatu proses lingkaran produksi yg komplit tanpa wastage. Didesa ada beberapa kolam ikan dgn dikelilingi pohon2 murberry, daun murberry dipetik untuk makanan ulat sutra, butir2 kotoran yg keluar dari tubuh ulat di sebar dikolam dn menjadi makan ikan,periodikali lumpur dari kotoran ikan dikumpulkan dari kolam dan pakai sebagai pupuk untuk pohon....menjelang tahun baru imlek ikan dalam kolam di"panen". Kepongpong ulat sutra direndam dalam air panas dan benang sutra terlepas yg lalu dipintal dan terlepas dari larvenya. Larves dari kepongpong tinggi kadar protein dan energinya, kuda2 didesa diberi makan tiap hari atau beberapa hari satu kepongpong utk menguatkan badannya. Kalau larves itu digoreng rasanya seperti udang goreng! Nah suatu proses lingkaran berproduksi yg komplit tanpa ada yg terbuang. Lin
On 10-May-2019 11:18 AM, "kh djie [email protected] [GELORA45]" < [email protected]> wrote: > > > > > ---------- Forwarded message --------- > > ---------- Forwarded message --------- > ---------- Forwarded message --------- > > Date: Mon, Apr 29, 2019 at 12:25 PM > Subject: Nice to know. I think China has adopted Israel's agricultural > technology. --Fw: How is China able to provide enough food to feed its > population of over 1 billion people? > > How is China able to provide enough food to feed its population of over 1 > billion people? Do they import food or are they self-sustainable? > <https://www.quora.com/How-is-China-able-to-provide-enough-food-to-feed-its-population-of-over-1-billion-people-Do-they-import-food-or-are-they-self-sustainable> > > How is China able to provide enough food to feed its population of over > ... > > > > > > [image: Janus Dongye] <https://www.quora.com/profile/Janus-Dongye> > Janus Dongye <https://www.quora.com/profile/Janus-Dongye>, Interested in > Chinese history and geography > Updated Sun > <https://www.quora.com/How-is-China-able-to-provide-enough-food-to-feed-its-population-of-over-1-billion-people-Do-they-import-food-or-are-they-self-sustainable/answer/Janus-Dongye> > > > > Seeing is believing. Open your Google Earth and have a look at what is > really going on in China from above. > > Here are the coordinates: > > *Location 1*: Ningde Bay, Fujian, China (26°43'02.8"N 119°57'45..2"E) > > Our first destination is the coastal area in Fujian province. > > If we zoom in, we can find millions of floating houses and cages on the > sea surface. > > If you look around the coastline from Zhejiang province to Guangdong > province along the 1000 miles, you can see those floating cages are > virtually “everywhere”. > > What are those? They are actually Chinese “seafood farms”.. > > Instead of going out to the oceans and catching wild seafood, why not stay > in the same place and raise your own seafood? And you can actually make > more money with much less effort from raising fish, shrimps, crabs, > lobsters, clams, etc. > > It is not just “sea”, the Chinese farmers would find any possible open > water such as reservoirs, rivers, lakes for farming their > seafood/freshwater food. > > Imagine each of the cages contains tens of fishes and crabs. That’s A LOT > of FISH! > > So how much seafood does China consume? > > It is estimated that the global demand for seafood consumption is 143.8 > million tonnes per year and China alone has the largest seafood consumption > (*65 million* tonnes, 45% of global consumption), followed by the > European Union (13 million tonnes), Japan (7.4 million tonnes), the United > States (7.1 million tonnes) and India (4.8 million tonnes). (Source: EU > SCIENCE HUB > <https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/news/how-much-fish-do-we-consume-first-global-seafood-consumption-footprint-published%20(https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/news/how-much-fish-do-we-consume-first-global-seafood-consumption-footprint-published)> > ) > > As we know, both China and India have a similar population but China > consumes *12 times* *more* seafood than India, despite the fact that > India is in a better geographical position surrounded by warmer ocean in a > tropical fishing-rich region. > > Among the 65 million tonnes of seafood consumed in China, only 15 million > tonnes are caught from the wild, the rest of 50 million tonnes are all > raised by aquaculture “farming”. In contrast, 90% of Japanese seafood > consumption is from wild catch. Thanks to seafood farming, normal Chinese > families can afford cheap seafood in their daily meal. This is a typical > family get-together dinner settings: You can see lots of them are seafood! > > This vlog shows how a bigger Chinese family enjoys steamed seafood. The > whole table just costs around $120 US dollars. > > *Location 2*: Nanxun, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China (30°46'14.5"N 120°09'02.9"E) > > Our next destination is the vast flood plain of between the Yangtze River, > Taihu Lake, and Qiantang River. Thanks to the abundance of fresh water > carrying nutrients from the river upstream, this area is so productive that > it has raised over 100 million people here. And it is one of the most > densely populated areas of China. This area is very similar to the flood > plains in Bangladesh, West Bengal in India, Saigon in Vietnam etc. > > What have the Chinese done differently compared to other densely populated > flooded plains in India and Bangladesh? > > Instead of growing rice, the Chinese have been growing a variety of “water > food” that can sell at higher prices and makes them get richer than growing > rice. If you zoom in, you will find millions of fish ponds instead of rice > fields. Besides the fish ponds, you might identify lots of green trees > grown around them. > > These trees are mulberry trees used for silkworm farming. Over the past > two thousand years, the Chinese have developed many sophisticated and > sustainable agriculture ecosystems around these areas. One most famous > eco-cycle is the fish-mulberry tree-silk cycle as shown in the following > graph: > > Chinese farmers have been exploiting the ecosystem in fish, silk farming > for thousands of years without knowing the concept of “sustainable > development”. Nowadays, it is evolved into multiple cycles of “recycling” > on the same land: > > However, in order to raise more fish in the pond, you need an additional > *aerator *that pumps air into the water, otherwise, the fishes would not > have enough space to breathe. In the following picture, the aerator is the > white dot in the centre of each pond. > > Having an aerator requires every fish pond to be connected to electricity.. > How to generate electricity for the aerators? Yes, you are right: add solar > panels on top of the fish pond. > > From Google Earth, it is found that solar panel fish ponds are already > taking over some of the traditional mulberry fish ponds in China. Some of > the areas in Huzhou area have already been placed with solar panels. > > *Above picture: The left is the traditional mulberry fish pond. The right > is the latest solar power fish pond.* > > Local fishermen and farmers are actually forced to learn the latest solar > technology and sustainable techniques provided by professionals from the > local Chinese government. > > Why are the local Chinese governments so eager to promote high tech to the > local farmers? In order for an official to gain promotion to the next rank, > he has to demonstrate his “government performance”. Solar panel fish pond > is one of the best indicators for “promotion” as it fits well in the > sustainable development initiative. > > From this, you might have understood why China has dominated the world’s > silk production (84%), freshwater fish production (66%) and solar energy > generation (25.8%). In the Zhejiang, Jiangsu area, rural people eat fish > almost every day. Some say that’s why people from these regions are more > clever than other regions of China. > > *Eco-cycle option 2*: lotus root - fish > > In the fish pond, you can also grow other kinds of vegetables meanwhile > raising fish. One of the most widely grown vegetables is the *lotus root*.. > China lotus root production is 11 million tonnes which accounts for 90% of > world production and 60% of the world export. Not only Chinese like to eat > them, but most of their lotus roots are also exported to Korea, Japan, and > Vietnam. > > Lotus roots are one of my favourite vegetables too, I do hope China can > promote the rest of the world to enjoy this delicious root as well. > > *Eco-cycle option 3*: canola oil - bee- fish & crab > > You can also grow rapeseed using the same principle. Instead of using > fertilizers, at each winter, Chinese farmers dig the “nutrient mud” from > the bottom of the water and stack on the bank. And then they grow different > plants such as rapeseeds or taros on the mud. After thousands of years of > continuous cultivation, the field has become something like this: > > Location: Duotian(垛田镇), Xinghua, Jiangsu, China 32°56'51.9"N 119°51'50.4"E > > There is no road. You can only navigate around using boats. Of course, > that is why China is also the leading world producer of rapeseed oil (22% > of global production). > > Not to mention the massive *beekeeping* industry that thrived on the rape > flowers in China, China takes over 30% of the global honey production. > > Actually, one-third of the honey consumed in the US are directly or > indirectly from China. To avoid tariffs from the US, Chinese honey > exporters would first export their honey to India, Philippines and > Malaysia. Then they change labels and alter them to domestic production and > sell them to the US. I’m sure this happens to other products too. > > https://www.downtoearth.org.in/c... > <https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/chinese-honey-route-1953> > > One Third Of America's Honey May Be A Dangerous And Illegal Import From > China > <https://www.businessinsider.com/one-third-of-honey-in-the-us-may-be-an-illegal-and-dangerous-import-from-china-2012-2?IR=T&r=US> > > Besides honey, this area is also where the most famous Chinese mitten crab > grew. They can sell at $60 per kilo, therefore only the middle-class > Chinese can afford this. > > *Location 3*: Shouguang, Shandong, China (36°44'15.9"N 118°44'14.7"E) > > Our third destination is the great plain area in Shandong province. > > If we zoom in, we can find millions of reflecting “shiny” houses on the > plain area. Try looking around, it is “everywhere”. > > What are those? They are greenhouses designed to provide regulated and > controlled conditions such as temperatures and humidity for vegetables and > fruits to grow. > > In the greenhouse, you can grow all kinds of different vegetables and > fruits *several times per year* regardless of the time of the year. That > means you can get several times more vegetable and fruit yield compared to > a normal field. > > For example, you need at least *52 days* to grow lettuce from seeds until > you can harvest them in a greenhouse. That means you can grow *7 times* each > year. That is *7x* efficiency. > > Therefore greenhouses can significantly improve agriculture output in a > limited space, which sounds perfect to the Chinese. Eager for promotion, > local Chinese government officials in Northern China have therefore forced > their constituency —the local farmers to install greenhouses with loans > from the “*Chinese Rural Cooperative Bank*”. > > What’s worse, they also forced them to install IoT based surveillance > system in their greenhouses. Farmers are forced to be taught in a > “reeducation camp” to use their mobile phones to monitor the status in the > greenhouse including CO2, light strength, soil temperature, etc. > > As a result, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the > United Nation, the vegetable and fruit production and consumption of China > is around *700 million *tonnes, which is 40% of the world consumption. > Compared to India (180 million), China achieved a 3.8x amount of vegetable > and fruit production, despite the fact that most of the population in India > are claimed to be vegetarians, despite the fact that the arable land in > China is less than India.* The secret key is the greenhouse.* > > List of largest producing countries of agricultural commodities - Wikipedia > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_producing_countries_of_agricultural_commodities> > > Thanks to the greenhouses, the Chinese can enjoy much cheaper and much > more variety of vegetables than any other country in the world all year > around. You can check from the Wikipedia, basically, China* tops the > chart in almost every kind of non-tropical vegetable production*, far > outpacing the second place. There are vegetables that are not ranked > because they are only specific to East Asia, such as the “garlic chives” > (韭菜). > > Similarly, for fruit production, China* tops the global chart in almost > every kind of non-tropical fruit production, far outpacing the second place > as well.* > > I was once been pranked and called as “racist” when I invited a black > friend for a summer BBQ with lots of watermelons. I proved my innocent by > showing him these statistics: > > In Japan, a watermelon typically costs 2000 yen ($18) and in China, you > can afford a much larger watermelon just in 10RMB ($1.5). And watermelon in > China is sweeter if it is grown in Xinjiang. If you love watermelons or any > other melons, come to China, especially Kumul in Xinjiang. > > *Location 4: **Lhasa, Tibet, China (29°41'52.3"N 91°09'18.6"E)* > > Our fourth destination is also about greenhouses but in Tibet. Use your > Google Earth and navigate to any town in Tibet. You will always find > greenhouses. > > I mean, the Chinese government has also forced Tibetans to build a massive > amount of greenhouses on the Tibetan plateau. Those Tibetans have no time > to go to temples for worshipping any more, instead, they have to work in > the greenhouses taking care of tomatoes. This is why Dalai Lama is not so > happy to hear this. > > As a result, the average vegetable prices in Tibet have reduced 90% over > the past decade and they don’t have to import vegetables from nearby > provinces anymore. Most of the Tibetans can finally afford eating > watermelons. Who doesn’t like eating watermelons? > > You know that most Tibetans historically only eat yak meat, milk, cheese, > and bread. They couldn’t grow anything in such a harsh climate. Only monks > could have the luxury to eat vegetables. Now it is the solid proof that the > Chinese government has destroyed Tibetan culture and forced all of them to > eat vegetables and fruit. > > *Location 5*: Kokdala, Ili, Xinjiang, China 43°43'51.2"N 80°35'21.5"E. > > Kokdala is a city in northern Xinjiang, China, bordering Kazakhstan's > Almaty Region to the west. And here is the satellite image of the border > between China and Kazakhstan. > > And you can clearly see there are more green farms on the Chinese side. On > Kazakhstan's side, there is nothing but barren lands. > > And actually, these lands are just wasted land as their soils are too acid > and there is limited water to grow any food. You can only count on the > water from the melting glaciers in the surrounding mountains. *For people > in Kazakhstan, it is too expensive to grow and they don’t have a big market > to sell their products*. That’s why those Kazakhs in Kazakhstan decided > not to cultivate on those lands. > > On the Chinese side, all the barren lands are cultivated by the special > division of the Chinese government: XPCC Xinjiang Production and > Construction Corps - Wikipedia > <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps>. > This is a state enterprise with a military background. XPCC has amassed 2..6 > million employees and farmers including Uyghurs and Hans and operate as a > giant organisation. Therefore due to its scale, the cost of operation can > be reduced and their market can be directly connected to the whole Chinese > market. > > Since the past three decades, XPCC has been sending its agriculture > professionals to *Israel *every year to learn Israeli’s most advanced > agriculture technology in a similar desert climate. Those Chinese students > then returned to China and started cultivating those lands using the latest > high technology such as drip irrigation etc. Once they found those > technologies can actually mature into profits, they would sell some of the > newly cultivated lands to local Uyghur, Han, and Kazakhs families or hire > them directly in the cooperations. > > Some of these Uyghurs, Kazakhs are sent to the reeducation camps and they > are forced to learn Mandarin Chinese and the latest drip irrigation > techniques to save water and reduce costs. Moreover, each village is > assigned with one or more communist party members to guide them through to > make sure that they don’t mess up the newly cultivated land. > > Yes, the drip irrigation technique can significantly reduce water usage > and cost. Thanks to the Israeli and domestic Chinese technology, they make > the barren land in Xinjiang more and more fertile and productive. > > So what are those people growing on the new land? > > Tomatoes, chillies, melons, grapes, and cotton. All of them can sell > higher prices than wheat. > > Thanks to the strong sunlight and cold night in Xinjiang, those products > are normally sweeter and tastier, so that they can sell really good prices > in the whole market of China and the world. In China, people prefer to buy > fruits from Xinjiang than the rest of China because of its great taste and > quality. > > Actually, agriculture efficiency is so high in Xinjiang that it produces > much more than the Chinese market actually needs. Instead of relying on the > “free market” causing the prices to drop and hurt those Uyghur farmers, > XPCC, as a state enterprise, is pushing to sell those products to the rest > of the world at higher prices or to more countries. > > *What if the rest of the country doesn’t want to buy the products?* > > ...
