Hi all,
Discussion on the [DISCUSS] thread seems to have wound down, so I'd like to
call a VOTE on acceptance of Kudu into the ASF Incubator. The proposal is
pasted below and also available on the wiki at:
https://wiki.apache.org/incubator/KuduProposal
The proposal is unchanged since the original version, except for the
addition of Carl Steinbach as a Mentor.
Please cast your votes:
[] +1, accept Kudu into the Incubator
[] +/-0, positive/negative non-counted expression of feelings
[] -1, do not accept Kudu into the incubator (please state reasoning)
Given the US holiday this week, I imagine many folks are traveling or
otherwise offline. So, let's run the vote for a full week rather than the
traditional 72 hours. Unless the IPMC objects to the extended voting
period, the vote will close on Tues, Dec 1st at noon PST.
Thanks
-Todd
-----
= Kudu Proposal =
== Abstract ==
Kudu is a distributed columnar storage engine built for the Apache Hadoop
ecosystem.
== Proposal ==
Kudu is an open source storage engine for structured data which supports
low-latency random access together with efficient analytical access
patterns. Kudu distributes data using horizontal partitioning and
replicates each partition using Raft consensus, providing low
mean-time-to-recovery and low tail latencies. Kudu is designed within the
context of the Apache Hadoop ecosystem and supports many integrations with
other data analytics projects both inside and outside of the Apache
Software Foundation.
We propose to incubate Kudu as a project of the Apache Software Foundation.
== Background ==
In recent years, explosive growth in the amount of data being generated and
captured by enterprises has resulted in the rapid adoption of open source
technology which is able to store massive data sets at scale and at low
cost. In particular, the Apache Hadoop ecosystem has become a focal point
for such “big data” workloads, because many traditional open source
database systems have lagged in offering a scalable alternative.
Structured storage in the Hadoop ecosystem has typically been achieved in
two ways: for static data sets, data is typically stored on Apache HDFS
using binary data formats such as Apache Avro or Apache Parquet. However,
neither HDFS nor these formats has any provision for updating individual
records, or for efficient random access. Mutable data sets are typically
stored in semi-structured stores such as Apache HBase or Apache Cassandra.
These systems allow for low-latency record-level reads and writes, but lag
far behind the static file formats in terms of sequential read throughput
for applications such as SQL-based analytics or machine learning.
Kudu is a new storage system designed and implemented from the ground up to
fill this gap between high-throughput sequential-access storage systems
such as HDFS and low-latency random-access systems such as HBase or
Cassandra. While these existing systems continue to hold advantages in some
situations, Kudu offers a “happy medium” alternative that can dramatically
simplify the architecture of many common workloads. In particular, Kudu
offers a simple API for row-level inserts, updates, and deletes, while
providing table scans at throughputs similar to Parquet, a commonly-used
columnar format for static data.
More information on Kudu can be found at the existing open source project
website: http://getkudu.io and in particular in the Kudu white-paper PDF:
http://getkudu.io/kudu.pdf from which the above was excerpted.
== Rationale ==
As described above, Kudu fills an important gap in the open source storage
ecosystem. After our initial open source project release in September 2015,
we have seen a great amount of interest across a diverse set of users and
companies. We believe that, as a storage system, it is critical to build an
equally diverse set of contributors in the development community. Our
experiences as committers and PMC members on other Apache projects have
taught us the value of diverse communities in ensuring both longevity and
high quality for such foundational systems.
== Initial Goals ==
* Move the existing codebase, website, documentation, and mailing lists to
Apache-hosted infrastructure
* Work with the infrastructure team to implement and approve our code
review, build, and testing workflows in the context of the ASF
* Incremental development and releases per Apache guidelines
== Current Status ==
==== Releases ====
Kudu has undergone one public release, tagged here
https://github.com/cloudera/kudu/tree/kudu0.5.0-release
This initial release was not performed in the typical ASF fashion -- no
source tarball was released, but rather only convenience binaries made
available in Cloudera’s repositories. We will adopt the ASF source release
process upon joining the incubator.
==== Source ====
Kudu’s source is currently hosted on GitHub at
https://github.com/cloudera/kudu
This repository will be transitioned to Apache’s git hosting during
incubation.
==== Code review ====
Kudu’s code reviews are currently public and hosted on Gerrit at
http://gerrit.cloudera.org:8080/#/q/status:open+project:kudu
The Kudu developer community is very happy with gerrit and hopes to work
with the Apache Infrastructure team to figure out how we can continue to
use Gerrit within ASF policies.
==== Issue tracking ====
Kudu’s bug and feature tracking is hosted on JIRA at:
https://issues.cloudera.org/projects/KUDU/summary
This JIRA instance contains bugs and development discussion dating back 2
years prior to Kudu’s open source release and will provide an initial seed
for the ASF JIRA.
==== Community discussion ====
Kudu has several public discussion forums, linked here:
http://getkudu.io/community.html
==== Build Infrastructure ====
The Kudu Gerrit instance is configured to only allow patches to be
committed after running them through an extensive set of pre-commit tests
and code lints. The project currently makes use of elastic public cloud
resources to perform these tests. Until this point, these resources have
been internal to Cloudera, though we are currently investing in moving to a
publicly accessible infrastructure.
==== Development practices ====
Given that Kudu is a persistent storage engine, the community has a high
quality bar for contributions to its core. We have a firm belief that high
quality is achieved through automation, not manual inspection, and hence
put a focus on thorough testing and build infrastructure to ensure that
bar. The development community also practices review-then-commit for all
changes to ensure that changes are accompanied by appropriate tests, are
well commented, etc.
Rather than seeing these practices as barriers to contribution, we believe
that a fully automated and standardized review and testing practice makes
it easier for new contributors to have patches accepted. Any new developer
may post a patch to Gerrit using the same workflow as a seasoned
contributor, and the same suite of tests will be automatically run. If the
tests pass, a committer can quickly review and commit the contribution from
their web browser.
=== Meritocracy ===
We believe strongly in meritocracy in electing committers and PMC members.
We believe that contributions can come in forms other than just code: for
example, one of our initial proposed committers has contributed solely in
the area of project documentation. We will encourage contributions and
participation of all types, and ensure that contributors are appropriately
recognized.
=== Community ===
Though Kudu is relatively new as an open source project, it has already
seen promising growth in its community across several organizations:
* '''Cloudera''' is the original development sponsor for Kudu.
* '''Xiaomi''' has been helping to develop and optimize Kudu for a new
production use case, contributing code, benchmarks, feedback, and
conference talks.
* '''Intel''' has contributed optimizations related to their hardware
technologies.
* '''Dropbox''' has been experimenting with Kudu for a machine monitoring
use case, and has been contributing bug reports and product feedback.
* '''Dremio''' is working on integration with Apache Drill and exploring
using Kudu in a production use case.
* Several community-built Docker images, tutorials, and blog posts have
sprouted up since Kudu’s release.
By bringing Kudu to Apache, we hope to encourage further contribution from
the above organizations as well as to engage new users and contributors in
the community.
=== Core Developers ===
Kudu was initially developed as a project at Cloudera. Most of the
contributions to date have been by developers employed by Cloudera.
Many of the developers are committers or PMC members on other Apache
projects.
=== Alignment ===
As a project in the big data ecosystem, Kudu is aligned with several other
ASF projects. Kudu includes input/output format integration with Apache
Hadoop, and this integration can also provide a bridge to Apache Spark. We
are planning to integrate with Apache Hive in the near future. We also
integrate closely with Cloudera Impala, which is also currently being
proposed for incubation. We have also scheduled a hackathon with the Apache
Drill team to work on integration with that query engine.
== Known Risks ==
=== Orphaned Products ===
The risk of Kudu being abandoned is low. Cloudera has invested a great deal
in the initial development of the project, and intends to grow its
investment over time as Kudu becomes a product adopted by its customer
base. Several other organizations are also experimenting with Kudu for
production use cases which would live for many years.
=== Inexperience with Open Source ===
Kudu has been released in the open for less than two months. However, from
our very first public announcement we have been committed to open-source
style development:
* our code reviews are fully public and documented on a mailing list
* our daily development chatter is in a public chat room
* we send out weekly “community status” reports highlighting news and
contributions
* we published our entire JIRA history and discuss bugs in the open
* we published our entire Git commit history, going back three years (no
squashing)
Several of the initial committers are experienced open source developers,
several being committers and/or PMC members on other ASF projects (Hadoop,
HBase, Thrift, Flume, et al). Those who are not ASF committers have
experience on non-ASF open source projects (Kiji, open-vm-tools, et al).
=== Homogenous Developers ===
The initial committers are employees or former employees of Cloudera.
However, the committers are spread across multiple offices (Palo Alto, San
Francisco, Melbourne), so the team is familiar with working in a
distributed environment across varied time zones.
The project has received some contributions from developers outside of
Cloudera, and is starting to attract a ''user'' community as well. We hope
to continue to encourage contributions from these developers and community
members and grow them into committers after they have had time to continue
their contributions.
=== Reliance on Salaried Developers ===
As mentioned above, the majority of development up to this point has been
sponsored by Cloudera. We have seen several community users participate in
discussions who are hobbyists interested in distributed systems and
databases, and hope that they will continue their participation in the
project going forward.
=== Relationships with Other Apache Products ===
Kudu is currently related to the following other Apache projects:
* Hadoop: Kudu provides MapReduce input/output formats for integration
* Spark: Kudu integrates with Spark via the above-mentioned input formats,
and work is progressing on support for Spark Data Frames and Spark SQL.
The Kudu team has reached out to several other Apache projects to start
discussing integrations, including Flume, Kafka, Hive, and Drill.
Kudu integrates with Impala, which is also being proposed for incubation.
Kudu is already collaborating on ValueVector, a proposed TLP spinning out
from the Apache Drill community.
We look forward to continuing to integrate and collaborate with these
communities.
=== An Excessive Fascination with the Apache Brand ===
Many of the initial committers are already experienced Apache committers,
and understand the true value provided by the Apache Way and the principles
of the ASF. We believe that this development and contribution model is
especially appropriate for storage products, where Apache’s
community-over-code philosophy ensures long term viability and
consensus-based participation.
== Documentation ==
* Documentation is written in AsciiDoc and committed in the Kudu source
repository:
* https://github.com/cloudera/kudu/tree/master/docs
* The Kudu web site is version-controlled on the ‘gh-pages’ branch of the
above repository.
* A LaTeX whitepaper is also published, and the source is available within
the same repository.
* APIs are documented within the source code as JavaDoc or C++-style
documentation comments.
* Many design documents are stored within the source code repository as
text files next to the code being documented.
== Source and Intellectual Property Submission Plan ==
The Kudu codebase and web site is currently hosted on GitHub and will be
transitioned to the ASF repositories during incubation. Kudu is already
licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.
Some portions of the code are imported from other open source projects
under the Apache 2.0, BSD, or MIT licenses, with copyrights held by authors
other than the initial committers. These copyright notices are maintained
in those files as well as a top-level NOTICE.txt file. We believe this to
be permissible under the license terms and ASF policies, and confirmed via
a recent thread on general@incubator.apache.org .
The “Kudu” name is not a registered trademark, though before the initial
release of the project, we performed a trademark search and Cloudera’s
legal counsel deemed it acceptable in the context of a data storage engine.
There exists an unrelated open source project by the same name related to
deployments on Microsoft’s Azure cloud service. We have been in contact
with legal counsel from Microsoft and have obtained their approval for the
use of the Kudu name.
Cloudera currently owns several domain names related to Kudu (getkudu.io,
kududb.io, et al) which will be transferred to the ASF and redirected to
the official page during incubation.
Portions of Kudu are protected by pending or published patents owned by
Cloudera. Given the protections already granted by the Apache License, we
do not anticipate any explicit licensing or transfer of this intellectual
property.
== External Dependencies ==
The full set of dependencies and licenses are listed in
https://github.com/cloudera/kudu/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
and summarized here:
* '''Twitter Bootstrap''': Apache 2.0
* '''d3''': BSD 3-clause
* '''epoch JS library''': MIT
* '''lz4''': BSD 2-clause
* '''gflags''': BSD 3-clause
* '''glog''': BSD 3-clause
* '''gperftools''': BSD 3-clause
* '''libev''': BSD 2-clause
* '''squeasel''':MIT license
* '''protobuf''': BSD 3-clause
* '''rapidjson''': MIT
* '''snappy''': BSD 3-clause
* '''trace-viewer''': BSD 3-clause
* '''zlib''': zlib license
* '''llvm''': University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source (BSD-alike)
* '''bitshuffle''': MIT
* '''boost''': Boost license
* '''curl''': MIT
* '''libunwind''': MIT
* '''nvml''': BSD 3-clause
* '''cyrus-sasl''': Cyrus SASL license (BSD-alike)
* '''openssl''': OpenSSL License (BSD-alike)
* '''Guava''': Apache 2.0
* '''StumbleUpon Async''': BSD
* '''Apache Hadoop''': Apache 2.0
* '''Apache log4j''': Apache 2.0
* '''Netty''': Apache 2.0
* '''slf4j''': MIT
* '''Apache Commons''': Apache 2.0
* '''murmur''': Apache 2.0
'''Build/test-only dependencies''':
* '''CMake''': BSD 3-clause
* '''gcovr''': BSD 3-clause
* '''gmock''': BSD 3-clause
* '''Apache Maven''': Apache 2.0
* '''JUnit''': EPL
* '''Mockito''': MIT
== Cryptography ==
Kudu does not currently include any cryptography-related code.
== Required Resources ==
=== Mailing lists ===
* priv...@kudu.incubator.apache.org (PMC)
* comm...@kudu.incubator.apache.org (git push emails)
* iss...@kudu.incubator.apache.org (JIRA issue feed)
* d...@kudu.incubator.apache.org (Gerrit code reviews plus dev discussion)
* u...@kudu.incubator.apache.org (User questions)
=== Repository ===
* git://git.apache.org/kudu
=== Gerrit ===
We hope to continue using Gerrit for our code review and commit workflow.
The Kudu team has already been in contact with Jake Farrell to start
discussions on how Gerrit can fit into the ASF. We know that several other
ASF projects and podlings are also interested in Gerrit.
If the Infrastructure team does not have the bandwidth to support Gerrit,
we will continue to support our own instance of Gerrit for Kudu, and make
the necessary integrations such that commits are properly authenticated and
maintain sufficient provenance to uphold the ASF standards (e.g. via the
solution adopted by the AsterixDB podling).
== Issue Tracking ==
We would like to import our current JIRA project into the ASF JIRA, such
that our historical commit messages and code comments continue to reference
the appropriate bug numbers.
== Initial Committers ==
* Adar Dembo a...@cloudera.com
* Alex Feinberg a...@strlen.net
* Andrew Wang w...@apache.org
* Dan Burkert d...@cloudera.com
* David Alves dral...@apache.org
* Jean-Daniel Cryans jdcry...@apache.org
* Mike Percy mpe...@apache.org
* Misty Stanley-Jones mi...@apache.org
* Todd Lipcon t...@apache.org
The initial list of committers was seeded by listing those contributors who
have contributed 20 or more patches in the last 12 months, indicating that
they are active and have achieved merit through participation on the
project. We chose not to include other contributors who either have not yet
contributed a significant number of patches, or whose contributions are far
in the past and we don’t expect to be active within the ASF.
== Affiliations ==
* Adar Dembo - Cloudera
* Alex Feinberg - Forward Networks
* Andrew Wang - Cloudera
* Dan Burkert - Cloudera
* David Alves - Cloudera
* Jean-Daniel Cryans - Cloudera
* Mike Percy - Cloudera
* Misty Stanley-Jones - Cloudera
* Todd Lipcon - Cloudera
== Sponsors ==
=== Champion ===
* Todd Lipcon
=== Nominated Mentors ===
* Jake Farrell - ASF Member and Infra team member, Acquia
* Brock Noland - ASF Member, StreamSets
* Michael Stack - ASF Member, Cloudera
* Jarek Jarcec Cecho - ASF Member, Cloudera
* Chris Mattmann - ASF Member, NASA JPL and USC
* Julien Le Dem - Incubator PMC, Dremio
* Carl Steinbach - ASF Member, LinkedIn
=== Sponsoring Entity ===
The Apache Incubator
