commit: 0a27a7a39a7d6944618009f8027fb09a22244c34
Author: Matt Turner <mattst88 <AT> gentoo <DOT> org>
AuthorDate: Wed Apr 8 01:54:36 2020 +0000
Commit: Matt Turner <mattst88 <AT> gentoo <DOT> org>
CommitDate: Wed Aug 12 21:54:06 2020 +0000
URL: https://gitweb.gentoo.org/proj/catalyst.git/commit/?id=0a27a7a3
targets: Use GRUB for BIOS boot
grub-mkrescue produces an ISO that is bootable from EFI as well as from
the BIOS, so isolinux isn't necessary to accomplish that. The benefits
are that (1) we reduce the number of dependencies required to make the
ISO, (2) the same GRUB set up works for EFI and BIOS systems, and (3)
grub-mkrescue replaces a whole lot of code that we no longer need to
maintain.
This patch has the side effect of removing the F[2-7] help texts and the
memtest86+ option, since those were done via isolinux. I feel okay
removing those since isolinux was only used on BIOS systems and not on
EFI, so none of those things were available to the vast majority of our
users.
It also has the side-effect of removing Fedora's signed UEFI shim
(sys-boot/shim) which could be used to add a hash for the live CD's grub
binary so that you could install under Secure Boot. That doesn't offer
any protection, and the author of the code indicated to me that the
value in offering this feature is that it allows installation on systems
with broken firmware under which important hardware (like the NVMe
drive) isn't exposed unless using Secure Boot. After quite a bit of
searching the internet, I can't find any mentions of this being a
problem.
Signed-off-by: Matt Turner <mattst88 <AT> gentoo.org>
doc/catalyst-spec.5.txt | 5 +--
examples/livecd-stage2_template.spec | 5 +--
livecd/files/x86-F2.msg | 22 ----------
livecd/files/x86-F3.msg | 22 ----------
livecd/files/x86-F4.msg | 20 ---------
livecd/files/x86-F5.msg | 22 ----------
livecd/files/x86-F6.msg | 14 ------
livecd/files/x86-F7.msg | 22 ----------
targets/support/bootloader-setup.sh | 83 +-----------------------------------
targets/support/create-iso.sh | 68 +----------------------------
targets/support/functions.sh | 69 ------------------------------
11 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 347 deletions(-)
diff --git a/doc/catalyst-spec.5.txt b/doc/catalyst-spec.5.txt
index cf6b9cd7..43cd5d2f 100644
--- a/doc/catalyst-spec.5.txt
+++ b/doc/catalyst-spec.5.txt
@@ -192,10 +192,7 @@ Bootloader
This is required for livecd-stage2 on all arches except amd64 and x86 which
can autogenerate one
if USE=system-bootloader is set.
The cdtar is essentially the bootloader for the CD. It also holds the
-main configuration for the bootloader. On x86/amd64, it also can
-include a small memory testing application, called memtest86+
-(example:
-`/usr/share/catalyst/livecd/cdtar/isolinux-2.13-memtest86+-cdtar.tar.bz2`).
+main configuration for the bootloader.
Kernel and boot issues
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/examples/livecd-stage2_template.spec
b/examples/livecd-stage2_template.spec
index a296cfa1..56bda84a 100644
--- a/examples/livecd-stage2_template.spec
+++ b/examples/livecd-stage2_template.spec
@@ -94,10 +94,9 @@ livecd/fstype:
livecd/fsops:
# The cdtar is essentially the bootloader for the CD. It also holds the main
-# configuration for the bootloader. On x86/amd64, it also can include a small
-# memory testing application, called memtest86+.
+# configuration for the bootloader.
# example:
-# livecd/cdtar:
/usr/share/catalyst/livecd/cdtar/isolinux-2.13-memtest86+-cdtar.tar.bz2
+# livecd/cdtar: /usr/share/catalyst/livecd/cdtar/[...].cdtar.tar.bz2
livecd/cdtar:
# This is the full path and filename to the ISO image that the livecd-stage2
diff --git a/livecd/files/x86-F2.msg b/livecd/files/x86-F2.msg
deleted file mode 100644
index eb1638b8..00000000
--- a/livecd/files/x86-F2.msg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Gentoo Linux LiveCD boot options - [F1 to display available kernels]
-
-Please hit F1 to see the available kernels on this livecd. Please note that
-the -nofb counterparts to each kernel disable the framebuffer
-and splash images. Additionally, the memtest86 boot option is available
-to test local RAM for errors. To use memtest86, just type 'memtest86'.
-
-This lists the possible command line options that can be used to tweak the boot
-process of this CD. This lists the Gentoo-specific options, along with a few
-options that are built-in to the kernel, but that have been proven very useful
-to our users. Also, all options that start with "do" have a "no" inverse, that
-does the opposite. For example, "doscsi" enables SCSI support in the initial
-ramdisk boot, while "noscsi" disables it.
-
-To list the options, please press keys from F3 through F7.
-
-F3: Hardware (Page 1)
-F4: Hardware (Page 2)
-F5: Hardware (Page 3)
-F6: Volume Management
-F7: Misc.
-
diff --git a/livecd/files/x86-F3.msg b/livecd/files/x86-F3.msg
deleted file mode 100644
index e0ec2bd8..00000000
--- a/livecd/files/x86-F3.msg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Hardware options (Page 1):
-acpi=on This loads support for ACPI and also causes the acpid daemon to
- be started by the CD on boot. This is only needed if your
- system requires ACPI to function properly. This is not
- required for Hyperthreading support.
-acpi=off Completely disables ACPI. This is useful on some older systems
- and is also a requirement for using APM. This will disable any
- Hyperthreading support of your processor.
-console=X This sets up serial console access for the CD. The first
- option is the device, usually ttyS0 on x86, followed by any
- connection options, which are comma separated. The default
- options are 9600,8,n,1.
-dmraid=X This allows for passing options to the device-mapper RAID
- subsystem. Options should be encapsulated in quotes.
-doapm This loads APM driver support. This requires you to also use
- acpi=off.
-dopcmcia This loads support for PCMCIA and Cardbus hardware and also
- causes the pcmcia cardmgr to be started by the CD on boot.
- This is only required when booting from PCMCIA/Cardbus devices.
-doscsi This loads support for most SCSI controllers. This is also a
- requirement for booting most USB devices, as they use the SCSI
- subsystem of the kernel.
diff --git a/livecd/files/x86-F4.msg b/livecd/files/x86-F4.msg
deleted file mode 100644
index 77ded0e3..00000000
--- a/livecd/files/x86-F4.msg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-Hardware options (Page 2):
-hda=stroke This allows you to partition the whole hard disk even when your
- BIOS is unable to handle large disks. This option is only used
- on machines with an older BIOS. Replace hda with the device
- that is requiring this option.
-ide=nodma This forces the disabling of DMA in the kernel and is required
- by some IDE chipsets and also by some CDROM drives. If your
- system is having trouble reading from your IDE CDROM, try this
- option. This also disables the default hdparm settings from
- being executed.
-noapic This disables the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
- that is present on newer motherboards. It has been known to
- cause some problems on older hardware.
-nodetect This disables all of the autodetection done by the CD,
- including device autodetection and DHCP probing. This is
- useful for doing debugging of a failing CD or driver.
-nodhcp This disables DHCP probing on detected network cards. This is
- useful on networks with only static addresses.
-nodmraid Disables support for device-mapper RAID, such as that used for
- on-board IDE/SATA RAID controllers.
diff --git a/livecd/files/x86-F5.msg b/livecd/files/x86-F5.msg
deleted file mode 100644
index adfb0197..00000000
--- a/livecd/files/x86-F5.msg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Hardware options (Page 3):
-nofirewire This disables the loading of Firewire modules. This should
- only be necessary if your Firewire hardware is causing
- a problem with booting the CD.
-nogpm This diables gpm console mouse support.
-nohotplug This disables the loading of the hotplug and coldplug init
- scripts at boot. This is useful for doing debugging of a
- failing CD or driver.
-nokeymap This disables the keymap selection used to select non-US
- keyboard layouts.
-nolapic This disables the local APIC on Uniprocessor kernels.
-nosata This disables the loading of Serial ATA modules. This is used
- if your system is having problems with the SATA subsystem.
-nosmp This disables SMP, or Symmetric Multiprocessing, on SMP-enabled
- kernels. This is useful for debugging SMP-related issues with
- certain drivers and motherboards.
-nosound This disables sound support and volume setting. This is useful
- for systems where sound support causes problems.
-nousb This disables the autoloading of USB modules. This is useful
- for debugging USB issues.
-slowusb This adds some extra pauses into the boot process for slow
- USB CDROMs, like in the IBM BladeCenter.
diff --git a/livecd/files/x86-F6.msg b/livecd/files/x86-F6.msg
deleted file mode 100644
index b61ee9c9..00000000
--- a/livecd/files/x86-F6.msg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-Volume/Device Management:
-doevms This enables support for IBM's pluggable EVMS, or Enterprise
- Volume Management System. This is not safe to use with lvm2.
-dolvm This enables support for Linux's Logical Volume Management.
- This is not safe to use with evms2.
-Screen reader access:
-speakup.synth=synth starts speakup using a given synthesizer.
- supported synths are acntpc, acntsa, apollo, audptr, bns,
- decext, dectlk, dtlk, keypc, ltlk, spkout and txprt.
- Also, soft is supported for software speech and dummy is
- supported for testing.
-speakup.quiet=1 sets the synthesizer not to speak until a key is pressed.
-speakup_SYNTH.port=n sets the port for internal synthesizers.
-speakup_SYNTH.ser=n sets the serial port for external synthesizers.
diff --git a/livecd/files/x86-F7.msg b/livecd/files/x86-F7.msg
deleted file mode 100644
index 82306245..00000000
--- a/livecd/files/x86-F7.msg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Other options:
-debug Enables debugging code. This might get messy, as it displays
- a lot of data to the screen.
-docache This caches the entire runtime portion of the CD into RAM,
- which allows you to umount /mnt/cdrom and mount another CDROM.
- This option requires that you have at least twice as much
- available RAM as the size of the CD.
-doload=X This causes the initial ramdisk to load any module listed, as
- well as dependencies. Replace X with the module name.
- Multiple modules can be specified by a comma-separated list.
-noload=X This causes the initial ramdisk to skip the loading of a
- specific module that may be causing a problem. Syntax matches
- that of doload.
-nox This causes an X-enabled LiveCD to not automatically start X,
- but rather, to drop to the command line instead.
-scandelay This causes the CD to pause for 10 seconds during certain
- portions the boot process to allow for devices that are slow to
- initialize to be ready for use.
-scandelay=X This allows you to specify a given delay, in seconds, to be
- added to certain portions of the boot process to allow for
- devices that are slow to initialize to be ready for use.
- Replace X with the number of seconds to pause.
diff --git a/targets/support/bootloader-setup.sh
b/targets/support/bootloader-setup.sh
index 71da0c40..0643a04c 100755
--- a/targets/support/bootloader-setup.sh
+++ b/targets/support/bootloader-setup.sh
@@ -4,15 +4,9 @@ source ${clst_shdir}/support/functions.sh
# $1 is the destination root
-# We handle boot loader a little special. Most arches require a cdtar with
bootloader files
-# but we can generate one for amd64/x86 now
if [ -n "${clst_cdtar}" ]
then
extract_cdtar $1
-elif [ "${clst_hostarch}" = "x86" ] || [ "${clst_hostarch}" = "amd64" ]
-then
- #assume if there is no cdtar and we are on a supported arch that the
user just wants us to handle this
- create_bootloader $1
else
#While this seems a little crazy, it's entirely possible the bootloader
is just shoved in isoroot overlay
echo "No cdtar and unable to auto generate boot loader files... good
luck"
@@ -97,82 +91,7 @@ case ${clst_hostarch} in
echo "--recoverykernel=boot/${x}" >> ${icfg}
done
;;
- x86|amd64)
- if [ -e $1/isolinux/isolinux.bin ]
- then
- # the rest of this function sets up the config file for
isolinux
- icfg=$1/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
- kmsg=$1/isolinux/kernels.msg
- echo "default ${first}" > ${icfg}
- echo "timeout 150" >> ${icfg}
- echo "ontimeout localhost" >> ${icfg}
- echo "prompt 1" >> ${icfg}
- echo "display boot.msg" >> ${icfg}
- echo "F1 kernels.msg" >> ${icfg}
- for k in {2..7}
- do
- echo "F${k} F${k}.msg" >> ${icfg}
- done
-
- echo "Available kernels:" > ${kmsg}
- for i in {2..7}
- do
- cp ${clst_sharedir}/livecd/files/x86-F$i.msg \
- $1/isolinux/F$i.msg
- done
-
- for x in ${clst_boot_kernel}
- do
- eval custom_kopts=\$${x}_kernelopts
- echo "APPENDING CUSTOM KERNEL ARGS:
${custom_kopts}"
- echo >> ${icfg}
-
- eval
"clst_kernel_softlevel=\$clst_boot_kernel_${x}_softlevel"
-
- if [ -n "${clst_kernel_softlevel}" ]
- then
- for y in ${clst_kernel_softlevel}
- do
- echo "label ${x}-${y}" >>
${icfg}
- echo " kernel /boot/${x}" >>
${icfg}
- echo " append
${default_append_line[@]} softlevel=${y} initrd=/boot/${x}.igz vga=791" >>
${icfg}
-
- echo >> ${icfg}
- echo " ${x}" >> ${kmsg}
- echo "label ${x}-${y}-nofb" >>
${icfg}
- echo " kernel /boot/${x}" >>
${icfg}
- echo " append
${default_append_line[@]} softlevel=${y} initrd=/boot/${x}.igz" >> ${icfg}
- echo >> ${icfg}
- echo " ${x}-nofb" >> ${kmsg}
- done
- else
- echo "label ${x}" >> ${icfg}
- echo " kernel /boot/${x}" >> ${icfg}
- echo " append
${default_append_line[@]} initrd=/boot/${x}.igz vga=791" >> ${icfg}
- echo >> ${icfg}
- echo " ${x}" >> ${kmsg}
- echo "label ${x}-nofb" >> ${icfg}
- echo " kernel /boot/${x}" >> ${icfg}
- echo " append
${default_append_line[@]} initrd=/boot/${x}.igz" >> ${icfg}
- echo >> ${icfg}
- echo " ${x}-nofb" >> ${kmsg}
- fi
- done
-
- if [ -f $1/isolinux/memtest86 ]
- then
- echo >> $icfg
- echo " memtest86" >> $kmsg
- echo "label memtest86" >> $icfg
- echo " kernel memtest86" >> $icfg
- fi
- echo >> $icfg
- echo "label localhost" >> $icfg
- echo " localboot -1" >> $icfg
- echo " MENU HIDE" >> $icfg
- fi
- ;&
- ia64|ppc*|powerpc*|sparc*)
+ amd64|ia64|ppc*|powerpc*|sparc*|x86)
kern_subdir=/boot
iacfg=$1/boot/grub/grub.cfg
mkdir -p $1/boot/grub
diff --git a/targets/support/create-iso.sh b/targets/support/create-iso.sh
index ccfbf4ef..ac97ef56 100755
--- a/targets/support/create-iso.sh
+++ b/targets/support/create-iso.sh
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ case ${clst_hostarch} in
# o= output image (burnable to CD; readable by fdisk)
/usr/bin/sgibootcd c=${cfg} o=${clst_iso}
;;
- ia64|ppc*|powerpc*|sparc*)
+ amd64|ia64|ppc*|powerpc*|sparc*|x86)
isoroot_checksum
case ${clst_hostarch} in
@@ -194,71 +194,5 @@ case ${clst_hostarch} in
echo ">> Running grub-mkrescue to create iso image...."
grub-mkrescue ${extra_opts} -o "${1}" "${clst_target_path}"
;;
- x86|amd64)
- # detect if an EFI bootloader is desired
- if [ -d "${clst_target_path}/boot/efi" ] || \
- [ -d "${clst_target_path}/boot/EFI" ] || \
- [ -e "${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg" ]
- then
- if [ -e "${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg" ]
- then
- echo "Found prepared EFI boot image at \
- ${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg"
- else
- echo "Preparing EFI boot image"
- if [ -d "${clst_target_path}/boot/efi" ] && [ !
-d "${clst_target_path}/boot/EFI" ]; then
- echo "Moving /boot/efi to /boot/EFI"
- mv "${clst_target_path}/boot/efi"
"${clst_target_path}/boot/EFI"
- fi
- # prepare gentoo.efimg from clst_target_path
/boot/EFI dir
- iaSizeTemp=$(du -sk --apparent-size
"${clst_target_path}/boot/EFI" 2>/dev/null)
- iaSizeB=$(echo ${iaSizeTemp} | cut '-d ' -f1)
- iaSize=$((${iaSizeB}+64)) # add slack, tested
near minimum for overhead
- echo "Creating loopback file of size
${iaSize}kB"
- dd if=/dev/zero
of="${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg" bs=1k \
- count=${iaSize}
- echo "Formatting loopback file with FAT16 FS"
- mkfs.vfat -F 16 -n GENTOOLIVE
"${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg"
-
- mkdir
"${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg.mountPoint"
- echo "Mounting FAT16 loopback file"
- mount -t vfat -o loop
"${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg" \
-
"${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg.mountPoint" || die "Failed to mount EFI image
file"
-
- echo "Populating EFI image file from
${clst_target_path}/boot/EFI"
- cp -rv "${clst_target_path}"/boot/EFI/ \
-
"${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg.mountPoint" || die "Failed to populate EFI
image file"
-
- umount
"${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg.mountPoint"
- rmdir
"${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg.mountPoint"
-
- echo "Copying /boot/EFI to /EFI for rufus
compatability"
- cp -rv "${clst_target_path}"/boot/EFI/
"${clst_target_path}"
- fi
- fi
-
- if [ -e "${clst_target_path}/isolinux/isolinux.bin" ]; then
- echo '** Found ISOLINUX bootloader'
- if [ -e "${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg" ]; then
- # have BIOS isolinux, plus an EFI loader image
- echo '** Found GRUB2 EFI bootloader'
- echo 'Creating ISO using both ISOLINUX and EFI
bootloader'
- run_mkisofs -J -R -l -V "${clst_iso_volume_id}"
-o "${1}" -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot
-boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -eltorito-alt-boot -eltorito-platform efi -b
gentoo.efimg -no-emul-boot -z "${clst_target_path}"/
- isohybrid --uefi "${1}"
- else
- echo 'Creating ISO using ISOLINUX bootloader'
- run_mkisofs -J -R -l -V "${clst_iso_volume_id}" -o
"${1}" -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot
-boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table "${clst_target_path}"/
- isohybrid "${1}"
- fi
- elif [ -e "${clst_target_path}/gentoo.efimg" ]; then
- echo '** Found GRUB2 EFI bootloader'
- echo 'Creating ISO using EFI bootloader'
- run_mkisofs -J -R -l -V "${clst_iso_volume_id}" -o
"${1}" -b gentoo.efimg -c boot.cat -no-emul-boot "${clst_target_path}"/
- else
- echo '** Found no known bootloader'
- echo 'Creating ISO with fingers crossed that you know
what you are doing...'
- run_mkisofs -J -R -l -V "${clst_iso_volume_id}" -o
"${1}" "${clst_target_path}"/
- fi
- ;;
esac
exit $?
diff --git a/targets/support/functions.sh b/targets/support/functions.sh
index dd9e6b12..d1252369 100755
--- a/targets/support/functions.sh
+++ b/targets/support/functions.sh
@@ -43,75 +43,6 @@ extract_cdtar() {
tar -I lbzip2 -xpf ${clst_cdtar} -C $1 || die "Couldn't extract cdtar
${cdtar}"
}
-create_bootloader() {
- # For amd64 and x86 we attempt to copy boot loader files from the live
system and configure it right
- # this prevents (among other issues) needing to keep a cdtar up to
date. All files are thrown into $clst_target_path
- # Future improvement may make bootloaders optional, but for now there
is only one option
- if [ -x "/usr/bin/grub2-mkstandalone" ]; then
- grubmkstndaln="/usr/bin/grub2-mkstandalone"
- elif [ -x "/usr/bin/grub-mkstandalone" ]; then
- grubmkstndaln="/usr/bin/grub-mkstandalone"
- else
- die "Unable to find grub-mkstandalone"
- fi
-
- pushd "${1}" || die "Failed to enter livecd dir ${1}"
-
- # while $1/grub is unused here, it triggers grub config building in
bootloader-setup.sh
- mkdir -p boot/EFI/BOOT isolinux
- #create boot.msg for isolinux
- echo "Gentoo Linux Installation LiveCD
http://www.gentoo.org/"; > isolinux/boot.msg
- echo "Enter to boot; F1 for kernels F2 for options." >>
isolinux/boot.msg
- echo "Press any key in the next 15 seconds or we'll try to boot from
disk." >> isolinux/boot.msg
- #install isolinux files
- if [ -f /usr/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin ]; then
- cp /usr/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin isolinux/
- #isolinux support files
- for i in libcom32.c32 libutil.c32 ldlinux.c32 reboot.c32 vesamenu.c32; do
- if [ -f "/usr/share/syslinux/${i}" ]; then
- cp "/usr/share/syslinux/${i}" isolinux/
- fi
- done
- #isolinux hardware detection toolkit, useful for system info and debugging
- if [ -f "/usr/share/syslinux/hdt.c32" ]; then
- cp /usr/share/syslinux/hdt.c32 isolinux/
- if [ -f "/usr/share/misc/pci.ids" ]; then
- cp /usr/share/misc/pci.ids isolinux/
- fi
- fi
- #memtest goes under isolinux since it doesn't work for uefi right now
- if [ -f /usr/share/memtest86+/memtest ]; then
- cp /usr/share/memtest86+/memtest.bin isolinux/memtest86
- else
- echo "Missing /usr/share/memtest86+/memtest.bin, this livecd will not
have memtest86+ support. Enable USE=system-bootloader on catalyst to pull in
the correct deps"
- fi
- else
- echo "Missing /usr/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin, this livecd will not bios
boot. Enable USE=system-bootloader on catalyst to pull in the correct deps"
- fi
-
- #create grub-stub.cfg for embedding in grub-mkstandalone
- echo "insmod part_gpt" > grub-stub.cfg
- echo "insmod part_msdos" >> grub-stub.cfg
- echo "search --no-floppy --set=root --file /livecd" >> grub-stub.cfg
- echo "configfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg" >> grub-stub.cfg
-
- # some 64 bit machines have 32 bit UEFI, and you might want to boot 32 bit
on a 64 bit machine, so we take the safest path and include both
- # set up 32 bit uefi
- ${grubmkstndaln} /boot/grub/grub.cfg=./grub-stub.cfg --compress=xz -O
i386-efi -o ./boot/EFI/BOOT/grubia32.efi --themes= || die "Failed to make
grubia32.efi"
- #secure boot shim
- cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI boot/EFI/BOOT/
- cp /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi boot/EFI/BOOT/
-
- #set up 64 bit uefi
- ${grubmkstndaln} /boot/grub/grub.cfg=./grub-stub.cfg --compress=xz -O
x86_64-efi -o ./boot/EFI/BOOT/grubx64.efi --themes= || die "Failed to make
grubx64.efi"
- #secure boot shim
- cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI boot/EFI/BOOT/
- cp /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi boot/EFI/BOOT/
-
- rm grub-stub.cfg || echo "Failed to remove grub-stub.cfg, but this hurts
nothing"
- popd || die "Failed to leave livecd dir"
-}
-
extract_kernels() {
# extract multiple kernels
# $1 = Destination
