On Sunday 10 Aug 2003 03:18, Renat Golubchyk wrote:
> Hi list!
>
> What is better to use for backups at home - CD-Rs, CD-RWs, another
> harddrive or something else?
>
> The standard way is to use tapes, but they are way too expensive for
> a home desktop system. Harddrives are also not that good, because I
> want to backup a harddrive in the first place, and anyway my system
> is already full so I'd have to swap harddrives or buy an external one
> for backup. And that is not really cheap also.
>
> So what do you suggest? How and how often do you make backups?
>
Hard disks are cheap. I have a 140GB drive dedicated to backups. It
currently holds 13 full backups. I run the following script nightly as
a cron job and can forget about it until I need to restore something:
#===================================================
#! /bin/bash
# /usr/local/bin/backup
#######################
# Backup Script
#######################
# Jason Calabrese <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
# modified by Peter Ruskin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 24-Jul-03
BACKUP_TO=/mnt/backup
HOST=$( hostname|cut -f1 -d. )
echo " Backup started at `date +'%H:%M'`"
echo
echo " Mounting boot partition..."
mount /boot
echo
echo " Mounting backup disk..."
mount $BACKUP_TO
sleep 4
echo
# Variables and calculations before backup
FILE=$BACKUP_TO/$HOST-$( date +"%F-%H%M" ).tar
FILE_LIST=$BACKUP_TO/$HOST-$( date +"%F-%H%M" ).list
EXCLUDE='--exclude --exclude /mnt/downloads/Pan --exclude /mnt/backup
--exclude /mnt/cdrom --exclude /mnt/floppy --exclude /mnt/KROH-LIESE
--exclude /mnt/KROH-PETER --exclude /mnt/PENGUIN --exclude /proc
--exclude /usr/portage/distfiles --exclude /mdk90 --exclude
/mnt/win/d/Pan --exclude /root/.ccache --exclude /home/peter/.ccache'
USEDSPACE=$( du -sh $BACKUP_TO | grep G | awk '{print $1}' | cut -f1 -dG
)
NUMBAKUPS=$( ls $BACKUP_TO/${HOST}-*.tar | wc -w | awk '{print $1}' )
TOTALBLOCKS=$(cat /proc/partitions|grep
ide/host0/bus1/target0/lun0/part1|awk '{print $3}')
CAPACITY=$(( $TOTALBLOCKS/1024/1024 ))
SPACELEFT=$(( $CAPACITY-$USEDSPACE ))
AVSIZE=$(( $USEDSPACE/$NUMBAKUPS ))
ESTBKUPS=$(( $CAPACITY/$AVSIZE ))
MYDATE="${ESTBKUPS} days ago"
OLD_FILE=$BACKUP_TO/$HOST-$( date --date="$MYDATE" +"%F" )
# Variables and calculations before backup
echo "STATUS BEFORE BACKUP..."
echo " Capacity of backup partition: ${CAPACITY}GB"
echo " Space occupied by backup partition: ${USEDSPACE}GB"
echo " Space left on backup partition: ${SPACELEFT}GB"
echo " Number of backups: $NUMBAKUPS"
echo " Average size per backup: ${AVSIZE}GB"
echo " Estimated total number of backups: $ESTBKUPS"
echo
# For when there's not enough space...
if [[ ${SPACELEFT} -le ${AVSIZE} ]]; then
ESTBKUPS=$(( $ESTBKUPS - 1 ))
NUMBAKUPS=$( ls $BACKUP_TO/${HOST}-*.tar | wc -w | awk '{print $1}' )
# so remove earliest
echo " Removing earliest archive - not enough space for backup..."
ls $BACKUP_TO/*.tar | sort | head -n1 | xargs rm
ls $BACKUP_TO/*.list | sort | head -n1 | xargs rm
echo " Number of backups: $NUMBAKUPS"
echo " Estimated total number of backups: $ESTBKUPS"
echo
fi
if [ ls ${OLD_FILE}* 2> /dev/null ]; then
echo
echo " Removing old archive from $MYDATE..."
ls ${OLD_FILE}*.tar 2> /dev/null && /bin/rm -f ${OLD_FILE}*.tar
ls ${OLD_FILE}*.list 2> /dev/null && /bin/rm -f ${OLD_FILE}*.list
fi
echo
echo " Performing backup - it'll take about half an hour..."
echo
/bin/tar -cpvvf $FILE / $EXCLUDE > $FILE_LIST 2> /dev/null
echo " Backup finished at `date +'%H:%M'`"
echo
# Variables and calculations after backup
USEDSPACE=$( du -sh $BACKUP_TO | grep G | awk '{print $1}' | cut -f1 -dG
)
NUMBAKUPS=$( ls $BACKUP_TO/${HOST}-*.tar | wc -w | awk '{print $1}' )
SPACELEFT=$(( $CAPACITY-$USEDSPACE ))
AVSIZE=$(( $USEDSPACE/$NUMBAKUPS ))
ESTBKUPS=$(( $CAPACITY/$AVSIZE ))
if [[ ${SPACELEFT} -le ${AVSIZE} ]]; then
ESTBKUPS=$(( $ESTBKUPS - 1 ))
# so remove earliest
echo " Removing earliest archive - not enough space for tomorrow..."
ls $BACKUP_TO/*.tar | sort | head -n1 | xargs rm
ls $BACKUP_TO/*.list | sort | head -n1 | xargs rm
echo
USEDSPACE=$( du -sh $BACKUP_TO | grep G | awk '{print $1}' | cut -f1
-dG )
NUMBAKUPS=$( ls $BACKUP_TO/${HOST}-*.tar | wc -w | awk '{print $1}' )
SPACELEFT=$(( $CAPACITY-$USEDSPACE ))
AVSIZE=$(( $USEDSPACE/$NUMBAKUPS ))
ESTBKUPS=$(( $CAPACITY/$AVSIZE ))
fi
echo "STATUS AFTER BACKUP..."
echo " Capacity of backup partition: ${CAPACITY}GB"
echo " Space occupied by backup partition: ${USEDSPACE}GB"
echo " Space left on backup partition: ${SPACELEFT}GB"
echo " Number of backups: $NUMBAKUPS"
echo " Average size per backup: ${AVSIZE}GB"
echo " Estimated total number of backups: $ESTBKUPS"
echo
echo " Unmounting boot and backup partitions..."
/bin/umount -l /boot
/bin/umount -l $BACKUP_TO
echo " Spinning down backup disk..."
/sbin/hdparm -y /dev/hdc # spin down disk
echo
echo " To restore a file, search for it in $FILE_LIST, e.g. etc/fstab,
then:"
echo " # cd /"
echo " # tar -xpvf $FILE etc/fstab"
echo
#===================================================
Peter
--
==================================================
Gentoo Linux: Gentoo Base System version 1.4.3.9
kernel-2.4.22_pre2-gss i686 AMD Athlon(tm) XP 1600+
==================================================
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