I have just tried to install the latest 2.6.22-r9 kernel
I copied the config file across from the present 2.6.17.r8 installed kernel, 
then recompiled.

The grub line which works for the 2.6.17-r8 kernel is:
# For booting GNU/Linux
title  Gentoo Linux 2.6.17-r8
root (hd0,4)
kernel /kernel-2.6.17-gentoo-r8 root=/dev/sda3
#initrd /initrd.img

I created the following grub line for the new kernel
# For booting GNU/Linux
title  Gentoo Linux 2.6.22-r9
root (hd0,4)
kernel /kernel-2.6.22-gentoo-r9 root=/dev/sda3
#initrd /initrd.img

The fstab is as follows
# <fs>          <mountpoint>    <type>          <opts>    <dump/pass>
/dev/sda5               /boot    ext3           noauto,noatime  1 2
/dev/sda3               /       ext3            noatime   0 1
/dev/sda2               none     swap           sw      0 0
/dev/dvdrw              /mnt/dvdrw      iso9660       noauto,user     0 0
#/dev/fd0               /mnt/floppy     auto          noauto          0 0
/dev/sda7               /mnt/data       ext3          noatime         0 1
/dev/hde1               /mnt/backup     ext3          noatime         0 1
proc            /proc       proc        defaults      0 0
shm             /dev/shm    tmpfs               nodev,nosuid,noexec   0 0

In other words, the boot directory is at sda5, and the root directory is at 
sda3.  sda3 is the bootable partition.

When I try to access the new kernel, I get the following error text 
(summarised)

Cannot open root device "sda3" or unknown block (0,0)
Please append a correct "root=" boot option.
Here are the available partitions
        hde driver: ide-disk
                hde1
        hdf driver: ide-disk
                hdf1
        hda driver: ide-cdrom
kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)

Can anyone point me in the direction of why the new kernel will not boot, 
while the old one boots fine?

Thanks

Jeff
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