John,

As usual, you have come up with very good arguments, with very bad
supporting evidence!

You need to put $ values on the benefits, and weight the risks for the
arguments to be seen as hard-nosed business sense (FT), not
bleeding-heart liberal (Guardian).

That way you can convince the lazy, skeptical and the ostriches!

A

2008/12/12 John Nissen <[email protected]>:
> Gentlemen,
>
> Your arguing makes it seem that SRM is terribly expensive.  It is peanuts in
> relation to its use in saving the Arctic sea ice, which has acted as a
> global thermostat throughout the Ice Ages until we just broke it.  The signs
> are that the whole climate system is now heading for a new super-hot state,
> unless we are careful. Thus the future of civilisation hangs in the
> balance.  Now can you see that the SRM cost, being no more than a few
> billion dollars per annum, is peanuts?
>
> The enormity of the problem we have to face is difficult to grasp.  But for
> other more tangible benefits of SRM (stratospheric and tropospheric
> techniques working together or individually) which I compiled for my
> submission to the Royal Society yesterday:
>
>
> SRM in the Arctic can help to save an entire ecosystem for animals and sea
> creatures, with their food chain having repercussions elsewhere;
> SRM in the Arctic could restore a way of life for Inuit people.
> Marine cloud brightening can be used regionally or for particular
> ecosystems, such as corals.
> SRM for halting global warming would much reduce the need for extremely
> expensive adaptation measures.
> SRM for halting global warming could save millions of lives otherwise lost
> through the affects of climate change or inability to adapt, regardless of
> the Arctic sea ice.
> SRM for halting global warming could prevent a mass extinction event.
> SRM might be applied in the Antarctic to halt the decline of the WAIS,
> detachment of ice shelves and ecosystem stress (for penguins, etc.).
> SRM applied to both Arctic and Arctic might prevent a significant sea level
> rise this century, and hence avoid mass emigration from low-lying regions,
> cost of flood defences, etc.
> SRM for halting global warming would protect oceanic and terrestrial carbon
> sinks, whose efficacy reduces with temperature.
> SRM for halting global warming, or perhaps just for mountainous regions,
> could maintain glaciers and associated water supplies for millions of
> people, their crops and livestock.
> SRM and cloud seeding techniques could be combined regionally for reducing
> droughts or countering desertification.
> Note that the use of both stratospheric and tropospheric techniques together
> offer advantages in terms of balancing cost, the targeting of specific
> regions, reduction of side-effects, etc.
>
> If these aren't "public good", I don't know what is.  If anybody pays for
> SRM, it is because they have the public interest - and/or their own survival
> - at heart.
>
> If SRM had to be "incentivised", the motives of any funding could be
> criticised (as you get for ocean iron fertilisation - OIF).  Whereas, at
> present, any SRM financial support that materialises from the private sector
> can be seen to be ultruistic and self-preserving, rather than of narrow
> commercial interest.
>
> I would see this as a positive advantage of SRM.
>
> But we need to see ultruistic people with money stepping forward, where
> governments fear to tread.  Has anybody worked on Bill Gates?  Here's a
> chance to save the world!
>
> Cheers,
>
> John
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: David Schnare
> To: Lane, Lee O.
> Cc: Geoengineering
> Sent: Friday, December 12, 2008 7:27 PM
> Subject: [geo] Re: Cap and Trade Haters Recommend Incentivizing Geo
> Lee:
>
> Nicely put.  Keep in mind, however, Coase assumes a perfect market for these
> tradeoffs.  As there is a free-rider problem, I'm not sure the balance
> between the parties is sufficiently free from market imperfections as to
> allow an appropriate (government free) trade.  There is also the problem
> that this is not merely about temperature, but CO2 as well (ocean impacts).
> Thus, SRM is, at best, only going to deal with the temperature effects,
> which is to say, those living by the ocean should not pay full price for SRM
> as it does not deal with the loss of ocean chemistry.
>
> In this case, those who want carbon emission reduction are not willing to
> allow anyone to pay for SRM, although a few of them are beginning to put the
> potential for catastrophic impacts ahead of their desire for carbon
> emissions reductions at a size that they think would be necessary to prevent
> the harm.  (e.g., Hansen).
>
> David.
>
> On Fri, Dec 12, 2008 at 2:04 PM, Lane, Lee O. <[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>> Dear David and Mike,
>>
>>
>>
>> I wonder about part of this discussion. As Nobel laureate Ronald Coase
>> pointed out long ago, what are referred to as external costs are more
>> clearly thought of as negative interactions among various activities. The
>> doctor's demand for quiet in his consulting room could impose noise control
>> costs on the nearby factory just as clearly as the noise from the factory
>> could impose costs on the doctor's practice. (This was, as I recall, an
>> actual court case cited in the famous Coase article, "The Problem of Social
>> Cost".)
>>
>>
>>
>> Attempts to categorize some actors as perpetrators and some as victims
>> miss the whole point. That point is, Coase teaches, that it is the
>> interaction that causes the costs. Move the doctor's office to another
>> location or move the factory, and the social cost disappears. Therefore, it
>> may be possible to reduce these costs by changing the behavior of either of
>> the actors (or both of them). The policy maker's job is to define the
>> property rights, or other social rules, so as to minimize the losses that
>> stem from the negative aspects of some interactions.
>>
>>
>>
>> In the case of climate change, we can reduce the potential harm by keeping
>> people from building flimsy structures in hurricane-prone areas. And we can
>> also reduce it by curtailing emissions from coal-fired power plants. Both of
>> these activities are raising the total social costs from climate change. The
>> net cost-minimizing solution is almost certainly to do some of both. Trying
>> to cast the problem in moral terms does not just cause confusion. It may
>> lead us to miss less expensive opportunities to reduce the total social harm
>> from climate change.
>>
>>
>>
>> This error seems to me to be one of the main harms likely to spring from
>> the current tendency to treat near-term greenhouse gas emission controls as
>> the only tool, or overwhelmingly the preferred tool, for curbing the
>> potential damage from climate change. This narrow attitude encourages an
>> under estimate of the potential value of adaptation. Indeed, the neglect of
>> SRM is, in a real sense, merely an extension of the neglect of adaptation.
>>
>>
>>
>> Thank you both for raising interesting points.
>>
>>
>>
>> Best regards,
>>
>>
>>
>> Lee Lane
>>
>> ________________________________
>>
>> From: [email protected] on behalf of David Schnare
>> Sent: Fri 12/12/2008 12:26 PM
>> To: Geoengineering
>> Subject: [geo] Re: Cap and Trade Haters Recommend Incentivizing Geo
>>
>>
>> Gents:
>>
>> I think you are on the wrong track.  Incentives are intended to change
>> behavior.  One does not pay victims to continue to be victims.  One pays the
>> perpetrator to quit perpetrating the bad act.  So, one penalizes a person
>> who lives in the flood plain the increased amount needed in the insurance
>> pool to pay for his damages when the flood comes.  An incentive to prevent
>> his home from flooding would be to give him a low cost loan to build above
>> the flood plain.
>>
>> Hence, who's behavior do you want to alter.  Surely the person living in
>> the flood plain is not the person who's behavior you want to alter, at least
>> with regard to carbon emissions.  He may suffer the consequences, but he is
>> not (in the main) the cause of the problem.
>>
>> The correct question is:  Who would make money out of geoengineering, and
>> is now causing the problem?  Not merely who would benefit from it, but who
>> would actually have an incentive to create wealth out of it.  That would be
>> the folks working on planetary scale carbon sequestration.  I don't see
>> anyone making money out of SRM.  Hence, if you want an incentive for SRM,
>> you need to link it to something else that will make money.
>>
>> Begin from this point for your discussion.
>>
>> David.
>>
>>
>> On Fri, Dec 12, 2008 at 11:50 AM, John Nissen <[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>>        Hi Mike,
>>
>>        Perhaps we should try insurance companies, or even better,
>> reinsurance.  They are interested in avoiding disasters, however they are
>> caused.  Does anybody have good contacts?
>>
>>        I have a particular interest in avoiding sea level rise, tidal
>> surges and high precipitation floods, living by tidal Thames.  Hey, what
>> about the former mayor, Ken Livingston?  (The new mayor wouldn't be
>> interested.)
>>
>>        Cheers from Chiswick
>>
>>
>>        John
>>
>>
>>
>>                ----- Original Message -----
>>                From: Mike MacCracken <mailto:[email protected]>
>>                To: [email protected] ; Alvia Gaskill
>> <mailto:[email protected]>
>>                Cc: Geoengineering <mailto:[email protected]>
>>                Sent: Friday, December 12, 2008 4:22 PM
>>                Subject: [geo] Re: Cap and Trade Haters Recommend
>> Incentivizing Geo
>>
>>                Hi David-Your proposal is just the reason why there is
>> resistance to geoengineering. The idea is to not have geoengineering slow
>> the needed rapid reduction in GHG emissions, but to be in addition to it-for
>> given how rapidly the environment is changing we will need to have
>> geoengineering as well as aggressive mitigation.
>>
>>                We really need to find another alternative to incentivizing
>> geoengineering-for example, having funding for it come out of what would
>> otherwise need to be going to defending the coasts against sea level rise-so
>> like an insurance premium of coastal homeowners-you only get insurance if
>> you live along the coasts if you pay an additional amount for
>> geoengineering.
>>
>>                Mike MacCracken
>>
>>
>>                On 12/12/08 9:13 AM, "David Schnare" <[email protected]
>> <http://[email protected]/> > wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>>                        You would link it to carbon emissions , allowing
>> greater emissions in direct trade with investment on mass scale carbon
>> sequestration and a premium (lesser but still real emissions allowances) for
>> X years for SRM.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>                        On Fri, Dec 12, 2008 at 7:30 AM, Alvia Gaskill
>> <[email protected] <http://[email protected]/> > wrote:
>>
>>
>>                                How would you "incentivize" investment in
>> geoengineering?
>>
>>
>>  http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU0812/S00286.htm
>>
>>                                Coalition Warns Governments Against
>> Emissions Cap
>>                                Friday, 12 December 2008, 3:33 pm
>>                                Press Release: New Zealand Business
>> Roundtable
>>
>>                                EMBARGOED UNTIL 1:00PM FRIDAY 12 DECEMBER
>>
>>                                Climate Change Coalition Warns Governments
>> Against Global Cap on Emissions
>>
>>                                As the eleven thousand participants in the
>> United Nations Climate Change Conference descend on Poznan, Poland, this
>> week, a coalition of 50 civil society organisations from 38 countries is
>> warning governments against opting for strategies that would "do little to
>> protect humanity against the threat of climate change but would drastically
>> increase the threat of global economic catastrophe."
>>
>>                                The Civil Society Coalition on Climate
>> Change (www.csccc.info <http://www.csccc.info/>  <http://www.csccc.info/> )
>> of which the New Zealand Business Roundtable is a member, has today released
>> a new report with a stark message to governments about the economic flow-on
>> effect, particularly on poorer countries, of adopting a global cap on
>> emissions.
>>
>>                                Describing the idea as "economic lunacy",
>> the report's author, Professor Julian Morris, said a global cap would divert
>> resources into "low carbon" technologies and away from more productive uses.
>>
>>                                "This would slow economic growth and harm
>> the ability of the poor to address the real problems they face every day,
>> such as diseases, water scarcity, and inadequate nutrition", said Professor
>> Morris.
>>
>>                                The report canvases policy options
>> available to governments and concludes that adaptation, coupled with
>> improving the institutions that enable economic growth, is likely to be the
>> best response to gradual warming. It further suggests that one approach to
>> addressing the remote but possible threat of catastrophic warming would be
>> to incentivise investment in geoengineering, and advises governments 'hell
>> bent' on limiting carbon emissions to consider a tax on emissions rather
>> than a cap and trade scheme.
>>
>>                                Business Roundtable executive director
>> Roger Kerr said the report, titled Which Policy to Address Climate Change?
>> was a timely and valuable addition to the debate on what constitutes an
>> appropriate response to climate change.
>>
>>                                "We have long held the view, as set out in
>> the attached submission, that a cap and trade scheme of the type being
>> considered in New Zealand would impose heavy costs on households, businesses
>> and the economy. It is also likely to discourage investment and lead to
>> losses in business confidence and jobs.
>>
>>                                "It is to be hoped that common sense will
>> prevail in Poznan and that a few European ministers will not succeed in
>> imposing further pain on countries already struggling with much more serious
>> problems", said Mr Kerr.
>>
>>
>>                                ENDS
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
> --
> David W. Schnare
> Center for Environmental Stewardship
> >
>

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