Re: [geo] ERL papers on lineThere's no way that increasing CO2 emissions can be 
significantly slowed any time soon.  There's 5 billion people out there that 
want the lifestyle they see 2 billion Westerners enjoying on TV
So the answer has to be to get 10 GtC / yr out of the atmosphere, and a bit 
more so as to bring the level down.  
Do that and you can progressively replace the current flow of fossil fuel with 
a flow of biofuel.
A welcome prospect to those who worry about 'peak oil'.
It doesn't need rocket science, just sensible policy and a bit of organization.
It's all so blindingly obvious
Peter
  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: Mike MacCracken 
  To: John Nissen ; David Keith 
  Cc: Climate Intervention ; Geoengineering ; Ken Caldeira ; Julian Norman 
  Sent: Monday, November 02, 2009 9:50 AM
  Subject: [geo] Re: ERL papers on line


  Dear John—A couple of comments:


    1.. Indeed, keeping the Arctic cold and keeping summer sea ice go hand in 
hand. So, yes, I certainly want to keep summer sea ice around (what would 
actually be helpful is to have thin sea ice in the winter so the heat held by 
the ocean could be conducted through the sea ice and radiated to space, making 
the ice thicker). 
    2.. On the issue of the paper just dealing with solar radiation management, 
my talk in Copenhagen in March 2009 and the World Bank report that I prepared 
on geoengineering for the World Sustainability Report I had a fourth category 
devoted to reducing CO2, which I agree is also essential. This was not covered 
in the paper as the paper was long enough as it was and I am not as 
knowledgeable on that area, but I certainly agree we want to keep CO2 down. As 
long as global fossil fuel emissions are heading upward toward 10 GtC/yr and 
then higher, however, it is hard to see how pulling CO2 from the atmosphere is 
going to have enough of an effect to make a significant difference-we have to 
get emissions down to deal with CO2 related issues such as acidification, and 
keeping sea ice from melting is going to take geoengineering, at the pace we 
are going (the only other alternative is really cutting the non-CO2 GHG 
emissions and soot to zero quickly as their radiative forcing can go down 
faster than the rise in forcing due to rising CO2, at least for a short time. 
You can see my thoughts on dealing with short-lived GHGs at 
http://www.climate.org/PDF/MacCracken_Erice.pdf


  Mike


  On 11/1/09 1:53 PM, "John Nissen" <[email protected]> wrote:



    Thanks for the reference to the Environmental Research Letters, David.

    Only Mike MacCracken's paper considers the context for geoengineering. If 
we are going to have to use geoengineering to tackle certain problems, how 
should we approach it.  He considers three problem areas:
    1) the warming of low-latitude oceans which contribute to more intense 
tropical cyclones and coral bleaching;
    2) the amplified warming of high latitudes and the associated melting of 
ice that has been accelerating sea level rise and altering mid-latitude weather;
    3) the projected reduction in the loading and cooling influence of sulphate 
aerosols, which has the potential to augment warming sufficient to trigger 
methane and carbon feedbacks. 

    I would suggest that the amplified warming of (2) has the potential to 
trigger massive methane discharge (and associated positive feedback on global 
warming) of (3) as well as the potential to trigger rapid sea level rise.  The 
retreat of Arctic sea ice is part of the warming amplification process, so it 
is crucial to prevent its summer disappearance.  Do you agree, Mike?

    If you agree, then the importance of this (i.e. preventing Arctic sea ice 
summer disappearance) makes the arguments against geoengineering in the other 
papers seem rather irrelevant!

    Note that Mike has only considered the problems that could be addressed 
with SRM geoengineering.  If we consider problems such as ocean acidification, 
and addressing them with techniques such biochar, then the arguments in the 
other papers against geoengineering seem irrelevant to the point of absurdity - 
but then perhaps the arguments were directed at SRM geoengineering alone.

    Cheers from Chiswick,

    John

    ---

    David Keith wrote: 

            
       

      Folks,



      There is a set of papers on geoengineering on line at Environmental 
Research Letters. Ken Caldeira and I served as editors of this special issue. 
More papers and a editorial will be added later.



      Cheers,

      David





      http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/4/4/045101



      Focus on Climate Engineering: Intentional Intervention in the Climate 
System

      2009 Environ. Res. Lett. 4 045101   doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045101 
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045101>    
<http://www.iop.org/EJ/help/-topic=abstract/abstract/1748-9326/4/4/045101> 


      Geoengineering techniques for countering climate change have been 
receiving much press recently as a `Plan B' if a global deal to tackle climate 
change is not agreed at the COP15 negotiations in Copenhagen this December. 
However, the field is controversial as the methods may have unforeseen 
consequences, potentially making temperatures rise in some regions or reducing 
rainfall, and many aspects remain under-researched.


      This focus issue of Environmental Research Letters is a collection of 
research articles, invited by David Keith, University of Calgary, and Ken 
Caldeira, Carnegie Institution, that present and evaluate different methods for 
engineering the Earth's climate. Not only do the letters in this issue 
highlight various methods of climate engineering but they also detail the 
arguments for and against climate engineering as a concept.


      Further reading
      Focus on Geoengineering at 
http://environmentalresearchweb.org/cws/subject/tag=geoengineering
       IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science is an open-access 
proceedings service available at www.iop.org/EJ/journal/ees 
<http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/ees> 


      Focus on Climate Engineering: Intentional Intervention in the Climate 
System Contents


      Modification of cirrus clouds to reduce global warming 
<http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/4/4/045102>  
       David L Mitchell and William Finnegan


      Climate engineering and the risk of rapid climate change 
<http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/4/4/045103>  
       Andrew Ross and H Damon Matthews


      Researching geoengineering: should not or could not? 
<http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/4/4/045104>  
       Martin Bunzl


      Of mongooses and mitigation: ecological analogues to geoengineering 
<http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/4/4/045105>  
       H Damon Matthews and Sarah E Turner


      Toward ethical norms and institutions for climate engineering research 
<http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/4/4/045106>  
       David R Morrow, Robert E Kopp and Michael Oppenheimer


      On the possible use of geoengineering to moderate specific climate change 
impacts <http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/4/4/045107>  
       Michael C MacCracken




       
       




  



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