The RAND report makes the the curious claim that "*U.S. policymakers might
prefer No Norms to Strong Norms or Ban if they believe that SRM technologies
are unlikely to work but that climate change could prove catastrophic.*"

The answer you get depends on the assumptions you make.

Their logic is explained on page 35-36:

*No Norms generally works best for the conflict measure because it is the
U.S. policy that
makes it least likely that a geoengineering system will ever be deployed. No
Norms has high
regret for three of the four measures when geoengineering is likely to
succeed. But this policy
generally performs well at reducing conflict whenever international
conditions are unfavorable
for agreement (second, fourth, sixth, and eighth rows in Figure 3.4). This
result owes to our
assumption that No Norms can lead to conflicting and thus failed
geoengineering tests. This,
in turn, leads to fewer deployments even under catastrophic climate change.*


----

>From the introduction (page xi - xii):

*Under Strong Norms, the U.S. government would encourage the establishment
of international
norms to govern geoenginering research. Under Ban, the United States would
promote
a prohibition on any geoengineering research. Under No Norms, the United
States would
actively discourage the formation of norms governing research. A comparison
of the performance
of these three strategies across many plausible future states of the world
suggests that, if
U.S. policymakers believe that some type of SRM technology is possible, they
ought to prefer
the Strong Norms policy to No Norms or Ban. Under such conditions, this
option outperforms
the alternatives because it increases the likelihood of a successful
deployment in those
cases in which geoengineering proves useful. It also reduces the likelihood
of failed deployments
by nations struggling to respond to serious climate impacts.

If U.S. policymakers believe that no SRM geoengineering technology is likely
to succeed,
they might prefer the Ban or No Norms policy to Strong Norms. The Ban policy
appears the
better of the two if policymakers believe that climate change is highly
unlikely to prove catastrophic.
Under such conditions, this option reduces the risks of
overconfidence—deploying a
geoengineering system that passes its tests but fails in practice. This
option also increases the
likelihood of reaching an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
In contrast, U.S. policymakers might prefer No Norms to Strong Norms or Ban
if they
believe that SRM technologies are unlikely to work but that climate change
could prove catastrophic.**
Under such conditions and a Ban policy, some other nation might defy the
prohibition,
test, and then deploy a SRM system that subsequently fails. The absence of
research norms
might lead to uncoordinated tests by several nations, undermining the
ability to learn from any
test. Thus, in this case, the absence of research norms might prove more
effective than the Ban
at preventing unsuccessful geoengineering deployments under dire
circumstances.*

___________________________________________________
Ken Caldeira

Carnegie Institution Dept of Global Ecology
260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
+1 650 704 7212 [email protected]
http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab  @kencaldeira


On Fri, Apr 29, 2011 at 6:48 AM, Josh Horton <[email protected]>wrote:

> Speaking of circling, while this is a very interesting analysis, its
> results seem tautological.  There are 2 main conclusions:
>
> 1. "If U.S. policymakers believe that some type of SRM technology is
> possible, they ought to prefer the Strong Norms policy" (p. 39).
>
> 2. "If they believe that successful SRM technology is unlikely, U.S.
> policymakers might prefer the Ban or No Norms option to Strong
> Norms" (p. 40).
>
> In other words, if the technology works, support research, if not,
> don't bother.  But these beliefs will be based on research findings.
> Not sure how much this adds to the debate.
>
>
> Josh Horton
> [email protected]
>
>
>
> On Apr 21, 4:20 pm, David Keith <[email protected]> wrote:
> > RAND is circling back to this topic, interesting to compare to RAND
> reports of the1960s
> >
> > -David
> >
> >  RAND, TR846, Lempert, 2011.pdf
> > 622KViewDownload
>
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