http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120313140434.htm

Input of Iron Linked to Biological Productivity in Ancient Pacific
Ocean

"By closely examining the sedimentary record, Murray and his
colleagues have established a clear relationship between plant
plankton (diatoms) and the input of iron, exactly as Martin
predicted."

...

"By examining the paleo-oceanographic record of iron input and the
deposition of diatoms, Murray and his colleagues found that the
ancient system is highly consistent with what occurs in the oceans
today."

...

"The new publication provides an important sedimentary record from the
high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll region of the equatorial Pacific Ocean,
and shows strong links between iron input and the export and burial of
biogenic silica (opal produced from diatoms) over the past million
years."

The full paper is available on -

Links between iron input and opal deposition in the Pleistocene
equatorial Pacific Ocean
Richard W. Murray,,      Margaret Leinen         & & Christopher W. Knowlton
AffiliationsContributionsCorresponding author
Nature Geoscience (2012) doi:10.1038/ngeo1422
Received 13 January 2011 Accepted 14 February 2012 Published online 11
March 2012

This paper clearly mentions Diatoms as the phytoplankton that
sequester more carbon than other phytoplankton.

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