>
> Ken
>
> Sorry to miss your talk Monday in Seattle; I’m out of town for a while.
>
> I agree with you on the upwelling-only problems—and indeed I have agreed 
> since about 2005 when you gave a nice talk at the ocean acidification 
> workshop in Seattle. My cautions about up-only fertilization are in both my 
> 2008 and 2012 books. So here I am talking *only* of push-pull ocean 
> pumping. (We physiologists tend to be surrounded by push-pull pumps in the 
> lab, which is likely why I began exploring pushing down at the same time as 
> pulling up.)
>
> Upwelling and downwelling in combination is a different animal than 
> up-only. For example, increasing surface ocean (and thus atmospheric) CO2 
> by pumping deep water up is a problem that goes away with the addition of 
> simultaneously pushing surface water down. Even if no fertilization results 
> from pulling up, the DIC pulled up may be only half of the ~1g/m3 DOC 
> pushed down. With fertilization, one is pumping down both additional 
> organisms and much more DOC. It’s important to sink this carbon soup before 
> it has a chance to become surface DIC.
>
> My illustrative push-pull scheme is, of course, only an idealized sketch. 
> It will take a Second Manhattan Project of real experts (such as yourself) 
> to get it right. But my sketch does, I think, show that there is class of 
> potential solutions that are possibly big enough (600 GtC), fast enough (20 
> yr), and secure enough against backsliding (for a millennium) to quality as 
> a climate repair.
>
> Unlike anything else on the table, something like this looks capable of 
> actually reversing the overheating, the acidification, and the thermal 
> expansion portion of sea level rise. It would seem worth exploring.
>
-Bill            [email protected]

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