Poster's note : This result apparently challenges other research which
suggests rain out of injected sulphate aerosol particles would influence
the formation of cirrus clouds.

http://m.sciencemag.org/content/early/2013/05/08/science.1234145

Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1234145Report

Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation

Formation of cirrus clouds depends upon the availability of ice nuclei to
begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. While it is known that only
a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the
critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective has not been
established. We have determined in situ the composition of the residual
particles within cirrus crystals after the ice was sublimated. Our results
demonstrate that mineral dust and metallic particles are the dominant
source of residual particles, while sulfate/organic particles are
underrepresented and elemental carbon and biological material are
essentially absent. Further, composition analysis combined with relative
humidity measurements suggest heterogeneous freezing was the dominant
formation mechanism of these clouds.

Received for publication 17 December 2012.
Accepted for publication 18 April 2013.

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