The basic point of this paper is not surprising but it is good to have it
in the literature:

 We find that solar shading approaches can redistribute productivity in the
water column but do not change total production.

Typically there is a sub-surface chlorophyll maximum because over most of
the ocean organisms are more limited by nutrients than they are by light.

The implicit question posed by the CBD is: if, in a high co2 world, solar
geoengineering reduces the amount of temperature change by 90% or so, the
amount of precipitation change by 70% or so, reduces sunlight by 2% or so
(but increase diffuse radiation to 20% or so), will this overall protect or
harm biodiversity?

A subsidiary question is: if the answer to the above question is unknown,
will relevant experimentation do more to help or harm prospects for marine
biodiversity?


On Tuesday, November 5, 2013, Michael Hayes wrote:

> Dr. Seitz et. al.,
>
> I do expect that the complexity of predicting the response of *free
> swimming* photosynthetic organisms, propagated due to a large scale
> mariculture installations' passive cooling of the surface water, is such
> that their contribution to the overall maricultural operations' CO2 usage
> would/should be considered incidental until field trials can provide
> empirical data.
>
> The use of space based assets will be highly useful in the initial field
> trials. The paper: Mapping size-specific phytoplankton primary production
> on a global scale <http://journalofmaps.com/student/10_01_Brewin.pdf> has
> been my primary reference on the imaging side of this concept. Such imaging
> may also prove useful in selecting installation locations.  You referenced
> Hardman Montford et al., should I seek out more recent works of his?
>
> Also, the architecture of large scale mariculture installations would be
> web like structures most likely based upon hexagonal sections. This large
> scale infrastructure would provide an excellent support/distribution means
> for the use of Bright Water (BW). The use of BW, in itself, will have a
> significant cooling effect on the surface water which will, in turn, affect
> the nutricline depth. This would be especially true if the compressed air
> was cooled/piped through deep water before release. This use of Ocean
> Thermal Conversion (OTC) for direct surface cooling through BW seems to be
> an efficient use of resources.
>
> Best,
>
> Michael
>
> On Saturday, November 2, 2013 9:38:13 AM UTC-7, Russell Seitz wrote:
>>
>> The response of  free swimmng marine photosynthetic organisms  to changes
>> in the light fiels are complicated , because most  utilize upwelling and
>> scattered light as well as the direct rays of the sun in photosynthesis.
>> The modeling results Hardman-Montford et al report recall simulations run
>> at  the ERES summer  school two years ago.
>>
>> On Friday, November 1, 2013 12:28:17 PM UTC-4, andrewjlockley wrote:
>>>
>>> http://planetearth.nerc.ac.uk/news/story.aspx?id=1544&cookieConsent=A
>>>
>>> Link above is plain English. Abstract below
>>>
>>> Impacts of light shading and nutrient enrichment geo-engineering
>>> approaches on the productivity of a stratified, oligotrophic ocean
>>> ecosystem.
>>>
>>> Authors
>>>
>>> Hardman-Mountford NJ, et al. Show all
>>>
>>> Journal
>>>
>>> J R Soc Interface. 2013 Oct 16;10(89):20130701. doi:
>>> 10.1098/rsif.2013.0701. Print 2013.
>>>
>>> Affiliation
>>>
>>> Plymouth Marine Laboratory, , Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
>>>
>>> Abstract
>>>
>>> Geo-engineering proposals to mitigate global warming have focused either
>>> on methods of carbon dioxide removal, particularly nutrient fertilization
>>> of plant growth, or on cooling the Earth's surface by reducing incoming
>>> solar radiation (shading). Marine phytoplankton contribute half the Earth's
>>> biological carbon fixation and carbon export in the ocean is modulated by
>>> the actions of microbes and grazing communities in recycling nutrients.
>>> Both nutrients and light are essential for photosynthesis, so understanding
>>> the relative influence of both these geo-engineering approaches on ocean
>>> ecosystem production and processes is critical to the evaluation of their
>>> effectiveness. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between light
>>> and nutrient availability on productivity in a stratified, oligotrophic
>>> subtropical ocean ecosystem using a one-dimensional water column model
>>> coupled to a multi-plankton ecosystem model, with the goal of elucidating
>>> potential impacts of these geo-engineering approaches on ecosystem
>>> production. We find that solar shading approaches can redistribute
>>> productivity in the water column but do not change total production.
>>> Macronutrient enrichment is able to enhance the export of carbon, although
>>> heterotrophic recycling reduces the efficiency of carbon export
>>> substantially over time. Our results highlight the requirement for a fuller
>>> consideration of marine ecosystem interactions and feedbacks, beyond simply
>>> the stimulation of surface blooms, in the evaluation of putative
>>> geo-engineering approaches.
>>>
>>> PMID
>>>
>>>  24132201 [PubMed - in process]
>>>
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-- 
_______________
Ken Caldeira

Carnegie Institution for Science
Dept of Global Ecology
260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
+1 650 704 7212 [email protected]
http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab
https://twitter.com/KenCaldeira

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