Drs. Durbrow, Salter and Caldeira,
The use of both marine cloud *creation* *and* brightening (MCCB) would seem to be useful along the California coast at this time as the drought is proving to be highly disruptive with no end in sight. The use of diesel engines for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) generation has been shown to create substantial cloud streets known as 'Ship Tracks<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_tracks>'. And, using a carbon negative marine based biodiesel or gas would be optimal for this use. Further, the introduction of the natural species (non-GMO) *Pseudomonas syringae,* <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_syringae>* ,*within the CCN production stream (engine exhaust)*,* would enhance the cloudstreet formation*. Most importantly, all scientific aspects of this proposal are well understood, supportable and can be tested out at the regional level.* The initial test site can be set up well off shore, within the subtropical convergence zones (STCZs), and fully tested out before the installations are moved into range of the California coast. The potential range of this method may actually extend from the STCZs to the coast yet accurately predicting the range may be difficult until empirical date is in hand. This regional level global warming mitigation and adaptation method can be viewed as a regional form of a *'Pineapple Express'*<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineapple_Express> mimic. If we take a look at Fig 1 of *Marine cloud brightening*<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405666/> (Latham et al.), the S. California coastal region is typically within a prime zone for elevated cloud droplet concentration (CDC) yet the current conditions seems to be changed enough to prevent the usual level of precipitation thus drought conditions prevail. Deploying static MCCB installations, to provide an increase level of CDC/CCN, and thus a flexible counter to this "Emergency" situation, would seem to be supportable from the scientific, public and state/national policy levels. The deployment of sub-GE level large scale marine biomass based biofuel production installations along the lines of a Large Scale Mariculture<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m9VXozADC0IIE6mYx5NsnJLrUvF_fWJN_GyigCzDLn0/pub>installation, to support MCCB, may also be viewed as supportable at the scientific, public and state/national policy levels due to the net carbon negative nature of the fuel. To bring this into focus concerning Dr. Durbrow's original question of *"**How then do we evaluate each if they occur simultaneously in roughly the same area?", *we may want to look at not just separate and seperated evaluations of the different methods but also the combination of select concepts to test out the possible synergistic benefits. Best, Michael On Friday, January 17, 2014 10:05:33 AM UTC-8, Stephen Salter wrote: > > Dear Dr Durbrow > > It may be possible to test the initial effects marine cloud brightening in > a wide range of conditions at a very small scale. > > If you go to �� www.see.ed.ac.uk/~shs���� open the /Climate > change folder and download /Field trial simulation�� you will see how > by adding together a large number of satellite images which have been > translated to make the source positions congruent and then rotated to align > local wind directions you can detect changes to reflected energy which > would not be visible in a single image of a cloud field. > > If spray vessels are not ready we might be able to do this from dust-free > land bases with long fetches of sea on both sides.��� What happens > after the sea surface has been cooled is a bit harder but you might be able > to do something with climate models using the technique described in /Coded > modulation. > > Stephen Salter > > On 17/01/2014 16:58, Ken Caldeira wrote: > > Nobody is proposing tests at this time that will have detectable climate > effects.� > > People want to better understand local processes. �Thus spatially > separated tests should not produce any substantial interference. > > > _______________ > Ken Caldeira > > Carnegie Institution for Science� > Dept of Global Ecology > 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA > +1 650 704 7212�[email protected] <javascript:> > http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab�� > https://twitter.com/KenCaldeira > > > > On Thu, Jan 16, 2014 at 6:36 PM, Dr D <[email protected] <javascript:>>wrote: > >> I'm reading David Keith's book, A Case for Climate Engineering, and I've >> gotten to his proposal for phases in climate modification testing and >> deployment. It occurred to me, however, that different climate engineering >> schemes may occur at the same time� For example, marine cloud brightening >> and aerosol injection might be deployed at the same time in the Pacific. >> How then do we evaluate each if they occur simultaneously in roughly the >> same area? 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