A review on microwave assisted pyrolysis of coal and biomass for fuel 
production
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114005255

Abstract

The energy insecurity from oil and natural gas and increased CO2 emission 
from fossil fuels is driving societies to look for sustainable and 
renewable energy supply. The huge coal resources can serve as a potential 
source for fuels. Bio-energy from biomass has been recognized as renewable 
energy to reduce CO2emission. Although fast pyrolysis has emerged as the 
most promising technology to convert organic materials to liquid fuels at 
shorter duration but it still faces some technical challenges in improving 
product yield, its quality and process energy efficiency. Microwave 
assisted pyrolysis of coal and biomass in the presence of microwave 
absorber provides distinctive environment to resolve these challenges. The 
microwave absorber can indirectly heat coal and biomass particles which are 
relatively microwave transparent and influence product yield and its 
quality by contributing as a catalytic precursor. The microwave heating of 
coal or biomass particles with microwave absorber shows efficient heating 
and sufficient contact of volatile or gas phase species with specific 
microwave absorber can improve fuel quality.

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