David Keith comes across as quite logical here, doesn't he? The failure to 
rein in emissions is the main, indeed the only rationale he gives for the 
necessity of his brand of geoengineering to be tried out. and since 
emissions reduction gets near-exclusive attention from public media and 
intergovernmental conferences, his arguments steadily gain in 
persuasiveness.

There is another failure in evidence, however: the failure to see climate 
change as a natural process that may be reversible if understood not just 
in technological terms but as a largely biological process. Participants in 
this list debate the distinctions between SRM and CDR which define 
technological handles to be applied to the earth's atmospheric and oceanic 
envelopes; I would caution however that without the complex ecologies 
created by millions of other species our power to manipulate the climate 
would be nonexistent.

In engineering terms, reversal of overall climate warming trends clearly 
requires massive sequestration of atmospheric CO2, which is not addressed 
by Keith's methods. Yet CDR as an alternative is, I think, an ambiguous 
category because "removal" is ecologically meaningless. Where is the 
"removed" carbon to be disposed of? The ongoing boondoggle of CCS is a 
painful example of technological solutions that have no relation to natural 
cycles; it treats carbon like some poison that needs to be locked away 
forever.

Some methods offered under the category of CDR do indeed support natural 
cycles, however. Biochar for example certainly has a place in sequestering 
carbon in soil and jumpstarting microbial communities. I would suggest that 
the way to correct climate imbalance is not to "remove" but to *use *carbon 
in the ways it has been used since long before humans learned engineering. 
The ecological effects of desertification, deforestation, and industrial 
agriculture are all demonstrably harmful practices which humans have 
imposed on the biosphere; isn't it self-evident that reversing climate 
change can be accomplished by reversing these disastrous practices?

Brian Cartwright

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