http://keith.seas.harvard.edu/papers/168.MacMartin.ControlProblem.pdf

Geoengineering: the World’s largest control problem
Douglas G. MacMartin, Ben Kravitz, and David W. Keith
Abstract— Solar geoengineering (or Solar Radiation Management, SRM) refers
to any intentional, large-scale manipulation of the Earth’s incoming solar
radiation to offset some of the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases,
reducing the associated risks from climate changes. Examples of such
methods are injecting aerosols into the stratosphere or increasing marine
cloud reflectivity, both of which would reflect some sunlight back to
space. There are many serious concerns associated with any such approach,
and also many challenges. One often overlooked aspect in geoengineering
research is that this is a control problem, requiring (a) feedback of the
observed climate state to manage significant uncertainty in both the
radiative forcing and the climate’s dynamic response to this forcing, and
(b) optimization of the distribution of radiative effect to minimize
regional disparities as well as side-effects from the geoengineering
implementation. We present recent progress on control for this challenging
problem, building on [1, 2], and discuss open research gaps. This is the
first time an explicit external feedback loop has been implemented in a
fully coupled general circulation model of the Earth’s climate.

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