*COMPARISON OF ABECCS AND ADACCS PERFORMANCE USING MODEL DESIGNS*
*ABECCS numbers from Green et al for Hawaii above*
*ADACCS numbers from LDM calculation see below*
*Total land area in Hawaii 2800 ha in each case*
* Algae Land ha Eucalyptus Land ha
DAC Land ha Electricity Output /year TJ CO2 Output / year
tonnes algae protein yield tonnes / year*
*ABECCS 121 2680
61
29,600 121*
*ADACCS 1200
1600 4800
1.5 M 1200*
*Thus ADACCS yields 10x the protein mass, 50 x the CO2, and 80 x the
electricity output of the ABECCS system *
*ADACCS system design parameters-*
Low Concentration silicon PVT hybrid power with 18% solar electricity
conversion efficiency and 50% solar thermal conversion efficiency at 85C
producing 173 MW average electrical power gross output at 200 w/m2 mean
insolation , 157 MW net output
DAC machine with 26,000 m2 aperture area and 10m/s air velocity with 50%
CO2 capture rate, processing 320 tonnes of air per second using 16MW of
electric power
and 50% operating capacity factor . Thermal energy requirement 5 GJ
/ tonne CO2
On Saturday, May 12, 2018 at 4:07:16 PM UTC+1, chg2 wrote:
>
>
>
> Stories from Nexus Media
> May 9
> https://nexusmedianews.com/burning-our-way-to-a-cleaner-planet-c811b695f062
>
>
> [image: Nexus Media]
> Burning Our Way to a Cleaner PlanetA novel and unproven plan to fight
> climate change and feed humanity.
> Source: Pexels
>
> *By Marlene Cimons*
>
> There are myriad proposals to fight climate change, but the simplest and
> most effective is to leave fossil fuels in the ground — simple in concept,
> yet elusive in practice, to put mildly
> <https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/5/7/17306008/global-warming-climate-change-scenarios-ambition>.
>
> Energy reformers face an economic system built on consumption and
> exploitation, a political system dominated by monied interests and an
> energy system built around fossil fuels. As a result, even the most
> optimistic
> scenarios
> <https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/8/18/16166014/negative-emissions>
> for
> averting climate change call for us to do more than cut carbon pollution —
> we must provide for “negative emissions,” ways of removing carbon dioxide
> from the air.
>
> Enter BECCS, which is short for “bioenergy with carbon capture and
> storage.” BECCS entails growing plants that remove CO2 from the atmosphere,
> burning those plants to generate electricity, and then capturing the
> resulting carbon emissions before they escape into the atmosphere.
>
> The technology is still in its infancy and deeply controversial because it
> calls for growing fuel on land that could otherwise be used to grow wheat,
> rice or corn for human consumption. But there is a new, experimental
> approach to BECCS that could dispense with the controversy by creating
> energy with a valuable byproduct — food. Scientists believe the process may
> not only produce electricity with less planet-heating carbon dioxide but
> also enough food to nourish billions of people by 2050.
> Carbon pollution. Source: Pexels
>
> It’s complicated and still conceptual. Nevertheless, it’s an intriguing
> idea that algae — made with some of the carbon dioxide emitted by burning
> biomass — can be used to shore up the global food supply at a time when
> drought, floods and heat waves, spurred on by climate change, threaten
> widespread famine in vulnerable regions.
>
> “Combining two technologies — BECCS and microalgae production — may seem
> like an odd couple, but it could provide enough scientific synergy to help
> solve world hunger, and at the same time reduce the level of greenhouse
> gases that are changing our climate system,” said Charles Greene, professor
> of earth and atmospheric sciences at Cornell University, who helped develop
> the model.
>
> Greene’s research colleagues include Colin M. Beal and Mark Huntley from
> the University of Hawaii, Zackary Johnson of Duke University, and Ian
> Archibald of Cinglas Ltd, who first came up with the idea. They described
> their work in a study
> <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017EF000704> that
> appears in *Earth’s Future.*
> A microalgae farm. Source: Cyanotech
>
> BECCS combines growing biofuel crops, such as grasses and oilseeds, with
> carbon capture and storage. It’s a technology that snatches the CO2 from
> power plants before it enters the atmosphere, compresses it into a liquid
> form, then traps it deep underground. While the technology still is
> evolving, several BECCS projects
> <http://biorecro.com/?page=beccs_projects> already are underway.
>
> Some experts urge caution. Climate scientist Philip B. Duffy
> <http://whrc.org/about-whrc/who-we-are/leadership/>, president and
> executive director of the Woods Hole Research Center <http://whrc.org/>,
> warns that counting on BECCS to deliver the planet from catastrophic
> climate change could be impractical and unworkable. Duffy said the
> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which includes negative
> emissions from BECCS in future climate scenarios, has “bet the future of
> humanity on massive deployment of BECCS. By ‘bet the future of humanity,’ I
> mean that their scenarios for limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2 degrees C
> — the Paris goals — accomplish that only through assuming that BECCS will
> be used at a truly massive scale. That makes it relatively easy to achieve
> climate policy goals, because as you know BECCS generates energy *and
> *removes
> CO2 from the atmosphere at the same time. At least that’s the idea. So far
> it has been tested only at a very small scale, and there are reasons to
> think it won’t be practical at the very large scale assumed in the models.”
>
> Greene agreed. “Since the last IPCC report, everybody has become excited,
> both positively and negatively, about BECCS,” Greene said. “The proponents
> see it as a straightforward way to generate negative emissions — just let
> terrestrial plants capture CO2 from the atmosphere, burn that biomass in a
> power plant, capture the CO2 from the stack, and then pump it underground.
> The naysayers point out that it would require a huge commitment of land to
> produce the required amounts of plant biomass, and that would take the land
> away from food production, which is already going to be stressed to the
> max. So, we came up with Algae + BECCS = ABECCS.”
> A koala in a eucalyptus tree. Source: Pixabay
>
> Here’s how it works. “In ABECCS, you grow eucalyptus trees for biomass,
> burn it in a power plant, and capture the CO2, just like in BECCS,” Greene
> explained. “However, instead of pumping all of that CO2 underground to
> store it, you use a fraction of it to support algae production. The algae
> can then produce the same amount of food and biofuel as if you were growing
> soy, but from a much smaller footprint of land. When you add the land for
> growing the eucalyptus and the land for growing the algae together and then
> compare it to growing soy on the same amount of total land, you get some
> interesting results.”
>
> Greene said that 7,000-acre ABECCS facility can yield as much protein as
> soybeans produce on the same plot of land, while sequestering 30,000 tons
> of carbon dioxide per year, the equivalent of taking more than 6,000 cars
> off the road.
>
> “The algae and the forestry could be done on adjacent parcels of land, or
> they could be done at different locations as long as the transport costs
> between them are not too large,” he said. “On the Big Island of Hawaii, for
> example, eucalyptus grows very rapidly on the rainy northeast Hamakua
> Coast. Less than 50 miles away, marine algae can grow very rapidly in the
> sunny, desert conditions of the Kona-Kohala Coast. Transport costs between
> these sites 50 miles apart would make such a project commercially feasible
> today.”
> The coast of Hawaii. Source: Pixabay
>
> While nobody has yet attempted to create an actual ABECCS pilot project
> anywhere — yet — Greene believes Hawaii “is a great place to conduct a
> demonstration project, although there are probably other places in the
> world where the lower prices of land might provide a better commercial
> opportunity,” Greene said.
>
> The groundwork is there. AES Hawaii already is burning eucalyptus at its
> power plant in Kalaeloa
> <https://www.hawaii247.com/2011/05/13/aes-hawaii-burning-eucalyptus-for-renewable-energy/>
> to
> test whether the trees can be used as biomass and converted to renewable
> energy, and a demonstration project for growing algae already exists
> adjacent to Kona International Airport.
>
> There is, of course, the problem of selling humans on the idea of eating
> algae, but as Greene noted, “Algae can be used as a nutritious and tasty
> alternative to most dairy products, and can replace just about anything
> that currently uses soy or palm oil.” He added, “Now, many Americans cannot
> imagine their diets being shifted primarily to algae, but I can assure you
> that most of the developing world would prefer to have that algal source of
> protein than to continue being malnourished.”
> ------------------------------
>
> *Marlene Cimons writes for* *Nexus Media* <https://nexusmedianews.com/>*,
> a syndicated newswire covering climate, energy, policy, art and culture.*
>
> - Climate Change
> <https://nexusmedianews.com/tagged/climate-change?source=post>
> - Technology And Design
> <https://nexusmedianews.com/tagged/technology-and-design?source=post>
> - Environment
> <https://nexusmedianews.com/tagged/environment?source=post>
> - Technology <https://nexusmedianews.com/tagged/technology?source=post>
> - Algae <https://nexusmedianews.com/tagged/algae?source=post>
>
>
>
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