> Spellchecked & edited repost of the above:



The most interesting insight in Yu, Toon,  Robock,  et al.'s  paper is its 
confirmation of the "once in a blue moon" rarity of stratospheric smoke 
injections. 

The orignal 1983 TTAPS paper- Owen Toon is the second T, presumed 
stratospheric injection would be the norm, and postulated that teragrams of 
black smoke from thousands of nuclear attack  fires would simultaneously 
rise past the tropopause, creating a hemispheric optical depth of up to 
 20,  reducing sunlight by  roughly 3 to 6  orders of magnitude, dropping 
surface temperatures by tens of degrees to create a lethal global deep 
freeze lasting for months or years. 

Climate communicator Carl Sagan, the S in TTAPS,  publicly equated the 
modeled effects with those of the K-T asteroid impact and wrote that:
 " The extinction of* Homo sapiens* cannot be excluded."  
He asserted his "Apocalyptic predictions" to be the "robust" products of a 
"sophisticated one dimensional model." and wrote  in *Foreign Affairs * that 
, never mind the smoke,  cooling from dust alone. even from a 50 megaton a 
nuclear war 100 times smaller that TTAPS 5,000 megaton "baseline" case 
would produce equally dire effects.

Forest fire experiments were accordingly carried out in Canada  in the 80's 
to test TTAPS 'nuclear winter' hypothesis but they failed to produce 
produce high optical depths or evidence of solar plume bouyancy or 
stratospheric smoke transport. It took three decades before one natural 
wildfire out of hundreds produced either.

Black smoke from the appallingly intense Kuwait Oil Fires also failed to 
penetrate the tropopause. although Sagan warned ABC *Nightline *viewers 
that their emissions would collapse the Asian monsoon and cause a regional 
famine. It didn't happen.

There was once a case for climate modeling hyperbole in the service of 
disarmament, but the Cold War is long gone. While  Alan Robock remains  at 
liberty to call radiative forcing , and single digit temperature changes 
 from   more modern and realistic  low optical depth GCM  model 
intercomparisons, "nuclear winter ", the  two most salient feature of this 
study are that, as was objected in the 1980's, photochemisry militates
* against * the ooptical depth persistance that  TTAPS presumed in adducing 
the term 'nuclear winter.

Smoke plumes that reach the stratosphere remaiin rare outliers-  we had to 
wait more than a generation for satellites to catch one in the act. 
While it is  easy  to paint  a model's  sky black- just tell the systems 
programmer to adjust the code, models are not things ,and the material 
world is under no obligation to emulate parameters chosen or guessed at in 
the name of the precautionary principle.  

TTAPS and the term 'nuclear winter were criticized as just such a case by 
climate modelers and statregic policy analyst alike, notably* Climatic 
Change *founder  Steve Schneider, and John Holdren's predecessor as Pugwash 
president, George Rathjens of MIT.

CF
https://www.nature.com/articles/475037b 

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