Besides reporting on the recent developments at United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)s annual roadshow UN Conference of Parties
25 (COP25) currently meeting in Madrid, Spain, there is also a passage of sad
news item - just emerged - which I must pass as first:
IN MEMORIAM: DR MATTI K. LAPPALAINEN
Dr. Matti K. Lappalainen, Councellor of the State of Finland on Environment
('Ymparistoneuvos'), the world's foremost expert in large water body
oxygenation (oceans, seas, the Amazon river etc) has died in a research-related
accident. As a Vice-President, Environmental Affairs at Sea Research Society, I
was often doing projects with him and he was my co-author on research on
mitigation of the Amazon ecosystems for the changing climate which we presented
at the World Water Week, Stockholm, August 2007. More recently Matti worked to
oxygenate the Baltic Sea. In Tammisaari, Finland he rehabilitated 28km2 pilot
plot and another anoxic sea area near Stockholm, Sweden of slightly smaller
size. Future plans held for oxygenation of anoxic sea area east of Gotland,
Sweden and in various other locations around the Baltic Sea. Before Dr
Lappalainen, no one had ever attempted or succeeded in recovering anoxic seas
and oceans by the breakthrough Mixox technology. He also made dissertation of
his work for the University of Oulu. The world has lost one of its greatest
minds and unique expert who is near impossible to replace.
https://www.academia.edu/4299120/Kallio_Veli_A._and_Lappalainen_M._Preparing_the_Amazon_Ecosystems_for_the_Changing_Climate_pp._240-241
[http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif]<https://www.academia.edu/4299120/Kallio_Veli_A._and_Lappalainen_M._Preparing_the_Amazon_Ecosystems_for_the_Changing_Climate_pp._240-241>
(PDF) Kallio, Veli A. & Lappalainen, M.: Preparing the Amazon Ecosystems for
the Changing Climate, pp. 240-241. | Veli Albert Kallio -
Academia.edu<https://www.academia.edu/4299120/Kallio_Veli_A._and_Lappalainen_M._Preparing_the_Amazon_Ecosystems_for_the_Changing_Climate_pp._240-241>
"A catastrophic draught event was reported across much of the north of South
America during August - December 2005. This resulted in extensive and
irreversible damage in parts of the Amazon river network. The 2005 Amazon
draught followed very
www.academia.edu
The issue is absolutely important, the United Nations Conference of Parties 25
is just debating on the matter:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=501&v=s-C9RfKdiow&feature=emb_logo
[https://i.ytimg.com/vi/s-C9RfKdiow/hqdefault.jpg]<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=501&v=s-C9RfKdiow&feature=emb_logo>
Prof Dan Daffoley - IUCN Deoxygenation of Oceans -
YouTube<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=501&v=s-C9RfKdiow&feature=emb_logo>
"We are now seeing increasingly low levels of dissolved oxygen across large
areas of the open ocean. This is perhaps the ultimate wake-up call from the
uncon...
www.youtube.com
The most recent research and PhD dissertation of Matti Lappalainen1,2 (268
pages)
1University of Oulu Graduate School
2University of Oulu, Faculty of Technology, Environmental Engineering
The dissertation was publicly defended at the East Finland University in Kuopio
on large water body oxygenation (in this case the Baltic Sea) and analysis of
the problem (with the Baltic Sea's anoxic situation) is downloadable here as
electronic version:
http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219417
http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/isbn978-952-62-1941-7
http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789526219417.pdf
C 663 ACTA - jultika.oulu.fi<http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789526219417.pdf>
Lappalainen, K. Matti, A renewed diagnosis and paradigm for eutrophication of
the Baltic Sea. University of Oulu Graduate School; University of Oulu, Faculty
of Technology
jultika.oulu.fi
The eutrophication of the Baltic Sea continues despite decrease of the external
phosphorus load by as much as 80% of the target confirmed by HELCOM. The aim of
this thesis is to investigate this paradox, critically evaluate previous
explanations for the persistent eutrophication, and to introduce a new
diagnosis and paradigm for the causes and processes behind eutrophication of
the Baltic Sea.
According to the current consensus, anthropogenic nutrient loading is nearly
the sole cause of eutrophication and regular cyanobacterial blooms. However,
this study shows that the areal phosphorus loading rate, when modeled properly,
is surprisingly low, and unlikely to be the primary cause of eutrophication.
Instead, the frequency of the salt water pulses has decreased dramatically
during the past 40 years. This is the root cause of eutrophication, via the
hyper-vicious cycle of the hypoxic and finally anoxic conditions of the deeps
causing internal phosphorus loading, denitrification, and nitrogen and carbon
fixation. Furthermore, this work confirms that nitrogen fixation increases in
low nitrogen conditions, further increasing eutrophication and cyanobacterial
blooms. Thus, the most effective way to break the cycle of eutrophication is to
improve the oxygen conditions of the deeps, which really is impossible to
achieve by decreasing external loading alone.
A key result of this work is that natural processes, rather than human
activity, plays a decisive role in the eutrophication process – a perspective
that typically faces substantial resistance. This thesis discusses how
sociological and political views have affected the scientific community and its
pursuit to model the mechanisms of eutrophication of the Baltic Sea.
In conclusion, this study leads to important novel insights by providing new
models for calculating the external and internal phosphorus loads of the Baltic
Sea, with results highlighting the importance of natural processes of internal
loading from the anoxic deeps. Altogether, this thesis introduces a new a
paradigm for eutrophication of the Baltic Sea.
Veli Albert Kallio, FRGS
Vice-President, Sea Research Society
Environmental Affairs Department
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Research_Society
[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Sea_Research_Society%27s_first_headquarters.jpg/1200px-Sea_Research_Society%27s_first_headquarters.jpg]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Research_Society>
Sea Research Society -
Wikipedia<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Research_Society>
The Sea Research Society (SRS) is a non-profit educational research
organization founded in 1972. Its general purpose is to promote scientific and
educational endeavors in any of the marine sciences or marine histories with
the goal of obtaining knowledge for the ultimate benefit to mankind. It does
both archival research and underwater expeditions in search of historic
shipwrecks.
en.wikipedia.org
https://exploresrs.academia.edu/VeliKallio
Veli Albert Kallio | Sea Research Society -
Academia.edu<https://exploresrs.academia.edu/VeliKallio>
Veli Albert Kallio, Sea Research Society, Environmental Affairs Department,
Faculty Member. Studies Climate Change, Climatology, and Meteorology.
exploresrs.academia.edu
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
"geoengineering" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email
to [email protected].
To view this discussion on the web visit
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/DB6P189MB029605E68B23A01E37A30C96905A0%40DB6P189MB0296.EURP189.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM.
