https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021GL092696

Abstract

Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering focused on the Arctic could
substantially reduce local and worldwide impacts of anthropogenic global
warming. Because the Arctic receives little sunlight during the winter,
stratospheric aerosols present in the winter at high latitudes have little
impact on the climate, whereas stratospheric aerosols present during the
summer achieve larger changes in radiative forcing. Injecting SO2 in the
spring leads to peak aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the summer. We
demonstrate that spring injection produces approximately twice as much
summer AOD as year‐round injection and restores approximately twice as much
September sea ice, resulting in less increase in stratospheric sulfur
burden, stratospheric heating, and stratospheric ozone depletion per unit
of sea ice restored. We also find that differences in AOD between different
seasonal injection strategies are small compared to the difference between
annual and spring injection.

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