https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629622000986

Taking it outside: Exploring social opposition to 21 early-stage
experiments in radical climate interventions

Sean Low, Chad M. Baum, Benjamin K. Sovacool

Abstract

Large-scale and highly experimental interventions are being considered as
strategies to address climate change. These include carbon dioxide removal
approaches that are becoming a key pillar of post-Paris assessment and
governance, as well as the more controversial suite of solar geoengineering
methods. In this paper, we ask: Who defends and opposes these experiments,
and why? After screening 44 early-stage experiments, we conduct a
qualitative comparative analysis of 21 of them in five areas: ocean
fertilization, marine cloud brightening, stratospheric aerosol injection,
ice protection, and enhanced weathering. We develop a common framework of
analysis, treating experiments as sites in which the risks and appropriate
governance of early-stage science and technology are envisioned and
disputed among scientists and other social groups. Our contribution is to
map and explain the key issues of contention (why), actors (who), and
tactics (how) that have shaped opposition across these linked fields of
experimentation and technological development, from the 1990s till today.
In doing so, we build upon and connect past studies on particular climate
experiments and develop insights relevant to governance outlooks
perceptions, discourses, and intents surrounding immature but potentially
crucial climate technologies.

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