https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/13/1/22

Arctic Sea Ice Decline and Geoengineering Solutions: Cascading Security and
Ethical Considerations

Alec P. Bennett, Troy J. Bouffard and Uma S. Bhatt

Abstract
Climate change is generating sufficient risk for nation-states and citizens
throughout the Arctic to warrant potentially radical geoengineering
solutions. Currently, geoengineering solutions such as surface albedo
modification or aerosol deployment are in the early stages of testing and
development. Due to the scale of deployments necessary to enact change, and
their preliminary nature, these methods are likely to result in unforeseen
consequences. These consequences may range in severity from local ecosystem
impacts to large scale changes in available solar energy. The Arctic is an
area that is experiencing rapid change, increased development, and
exploratory interest, and proposed solutions have the potential to produce
new risks to both natural and human systems. This article examines
potential security and ethical considerations of geoengineering solutions
in the Arctic from the perspectives of securitization, consequentialism,
and risk governance approaches, and argues that proactive and preemptive
frameworks at the international level, and especially the application of
risk governance approaches, will be needed to prevent or limit negative
consequences resulting from geoengineering efforts. Utilizing the unique
structures already present in Arctic governance provides novel options for
addressing these concerns from both the perspective of inclusive governance
and through advancing the understanding of uncertainty analysis and
precautionary principles

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