I fully agree with both Peter Fiekowsky (Climate Restoration) and Robert
Tulip ("The single biggest step the world can take by 2030 to keep 1.5C
within reach is to increase albedo."). The Arctic Ice Project (
https://www.arcticiceproject.org) seeks to do both things. We focus on
restoring Arctic Sea Ice to a more historically normal condition by
increasing the albedo of young thin sea ice before its summer melt, thus
extending its persistence longer into the summer months. Doing so will
significantly decrease solar energy absorption and the Earth's energy
imbalance.Steve Zornetzer On Sun, Dec 24, 2023 at 2:10 AM <[email protected]> wrote: > [email protected] > <https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email#!forum/geoengineering/topics> > Google > Groups > <https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email/#!overview> > <https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email/#!overview> > Topic digest > View all topics > <https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email#!forum/geoengineering/topics> > > - [HCA-list] Peter Fiekowsky Ocean Iron Fertilization & Biden Project > <#m_-4036942612812329871_m_47447528156480945_group_thread_0> - 1 Update > - [CDR] Key Takeaways From COP28 UAE > <#m_-4036942612812329871_m_47447528156480945_group_thread_1> - 1 Update > - The Indonesian Throughflow circulation under solar geoengineering > <#m_-4036942612812329871_m_47447528156480945_group_thread_2> - 1 Update > > [HCA-list] Peter Fiekowsky Ocean Iron Fertilization & Biden Project > <http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering/t/78e66e1b1c762eb6?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email> > Peter Fiekowsky <[email protected]>: Dec 23 05:48PM -0800 > > Doug- > > Good question. Logically I'd say yes, Arctic & Antarctic SRM are safe > to promote. But in terms of messaging I say only promote polar SRM along > with promoting climate restoration--until the world speaks the explicit > goal of giving our children a safe climate. > > Actually-if we establish the rule that all promotion of SRM includes > promoting the goal of giving our children an historically safe climate, > that would be a win for our children. > > Thank you for provoking more thinking. > > The message for 2024 is "We ARE restoring the climate". We say this because > we know that nature has done it, and we can start from nature's methods and > do it safely too--when we decide to do so. > > Warmly, > Peter > > > On Fri, Dec 22, 2023 at 4:37 AM Douglas Grandt <[email protected]> > wrote: > > Back to top <#m_-4036942612812329871_m_47447528156480945_digest_top> > [CDR] Key Takeaways From COP28 UAE > <http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering/t/4b8d97ea79ed5704?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email> > "Robert Tulip" <[email protected]>: Dec 24 03:00AM +1100 > > “According to the IEA’s Roadmap to Net Zero report, the < > https://www.iea.org/commentaries/tripling-renewable-power-capacity-by-2030-is-vital-to-keep-the-150c-goal-within-reach> > tripling of renewables is the single biggest step the world can take by > 2030 to keep 1.5C within reach.” > > > > This IEA statement is wrong. The single biggest step the world can take by > 2030 to keep 1.5C within reach is to increase albedo. > > > > Robert Tulip > > > > From: [email protected] < > [email protected]> On Behalf Of Geoengineering News > Sent: Wednesday, December 20, 2023 1:30 AM > To: [email protected] > Subject: [CDR] Key Takeaways From COP28 UAE > > > > This item and others will be in the weekly “Carbon Removal Updates > Substack” newsletter: <https://carbonremovalupdates.substack.com/> > https://carbonremovalupdates.substack.com/ > > ________________________________________ > > > > https://carbonherald.com/cop28-uae-key-takeaways/ > > > > <https://carbonherald.com/author/petyacarbonherald-com/> Petya > Trendafilova > > > > December 15, 2023 > > < > https://carbonherald.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/5f8a479d-e3e7-45a4-a014-2f837f786c03_-1-800x500.jpg> > Photo by COP28 / Mahmoud Khaled > > On December 13th, at the end of the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) > to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that took place > in Dubai, 197 nations attending the negotiations signed a new climate > agreement <https://unfccc.int/event/cma-5?item=4> that should set the > world on a path to achieve the goals laid out in the Paris Agreement of > 2015. > > > Global Stocktake > > > The COP28 agreement, also called the Global Stocktake, is the first COP > text that openly states that countries need to “transition away from fossil > fuels”. > > The Global Stocktake – the systematic process designed for nations and > stakeholders to assess every five years their progress in achieving the > objectives of the Paris Climate Change Agreement – recognizes that the > world is on track to reach an increase in temperatures in the range of > 2.1–2.8 °C with the full implementation of the latest nationally determined > contributions. > > It also acknowledges the progress that has been made since prior to the > adoption of the Paris Agreement when some projections showed a global > temperature increase of 4°C. > > Therefore the stocktake recognizes the need for deep, rapid and sustained > reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in line with 1.5 °C pathways, > showing there is a lot that still needs to be done. It calls on Parties to > contribute to some of the following global efforts, in nationally > determined contributions: > > * Tripling renewable energy capacity globally and doubling the global > average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030; > * Transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems, in a just, > orderly and equitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, > so as to achieve net zero by 2050 in keeping with the science; > * Accelerating efforts towards the phase-down of unabated coal power; > * Accelerating zero- and low-emission technologies, including, inter alia, > renewables, nuclear, abatement and removal technologies such as carbon > capture and utilization and storage, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors, > and low-carbon hydrogen production; > * Accelerating and substantially reducing non-carbon-dioxide emissions > globally, including in particular methane emissions by 2030; > * Accelerating the reduction of emissions from road transport on a range > of pathways, including through development of infrastructure and rapid > deployment of zero- and low-emission vehicles; > * Phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that do not address energy > poverty or just transitions, as soon as possible. > > < > https://carbonherald.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/unnamed-4-1024x618.jpg> > Credit: Petya Trendafilova | Carbon Herald > > Even though the final text is an improvement of the draft proposed at the > beginning of the week, the language still omits the phasing out of fossil > fuels altogether. > > It is, however, for the first time addressing the need to stop burning > fossil fuels and signals the end of their era. It also confirms the massive > growth of renewables. To close the gap between the current nationally > determined contributions that lead towards 2.1–2.8°C of warming and the > global target of 1.5°C, countries have agreed to triple the renewables > capacity to 11,000 GW by 2030. > > Relevant: BREAKING: Countries Reject Article 6 At COP28 < > https://carbonherald.com/breaking-countries-reject-article-6-at-cop28/> > > According to the IEA’s Roadmap to Net Zero report, the tripling of > renewables < > https://www.iea.org/commentaries/tripling-renewable-power-capacity-by-2030-is-vital-to-keep-the-150c-goal-within-reach> > is the single biggest step the world can take by 2030 to keep 1.5C within > reach. > > Government targets already add up to a doubling of renewable capacity by > 2030 and estimates show the gap between doubling and a global tripling is > 3.7 TW. Expanding renewable capacity on this scale would avoid around 7 > billion tonnes of CO2 emissions between 2023 and 2030 which is equivalent > to all the current CO2 emissions from China’s power sector. > > The numbers show just how much governments need to do in terms of > increasing emission reductions and addressing residual emissions. > > > Carbon Dioxide Removal > > > Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) took center stage at discussions during > COP28. It can help support countries in bridging the gap between current > emission reduction commitments and what is needed to limit global warming > to 1.5°C. To fulfill its potential, it should be accelerated massively by > 2030. According to CDR.fyi, durable CDR credits would need to scale almost > 1,000 times to reach 40 million tons in 2030. The end goal is for them to > be scaled to a gigaton’s annual capacity to support progress towards > eliminating global emissions. > > “Currently we have about $1 to $2 billion that has been deployed in CDR > mostly from off-take agreements. Over the whole decade, we need to do well > over $100 billion in order to put CDR on the growth path, so it can meet > the gigaton scale by mid-century,” commented Robert Höglund < > https://www.marginalcarbon.com/> , climate advisor, manager of Milkywire > Climate Transformation Fund < > https://www.milkywire.com/climate-transformation-fund> and co-founder of > CDR.fyi <https://www.cdr.fyi/> . > > < > https://carbonherald.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/shutterstock_2139611735.jpg> > Image: d.ee_angelo/Shutterstock < > https://www.shutterstock.com/g/Dee60141735> > > Some companies like Nasdaq < > https://www.nasdaq.com/solutions/carbon-removal-platform> are also > working to create efficient technology and infrastructure for the carbon > markets and interconnect them. The company recognizes the need to connect > local carbon markets with each other, and local exchanges and registries > with global carbon removal solutions in a more efficient way to serve the > rapidly growing carbon market. > > According to Fredrik Ekström, President of Nasdaq Stockholm, creating a > structure that increases trust in carbon markets and a structure in > off-take agreements enhances the financing of these new technologies and > projects that provide climate change mitigation. > > Relevant: < > https://carbonherald.com/2000-leaders-urge-cop28-president-to-deliver-1-5c-aligned-outcome/> > 2,000 Leaders Urge COP28 President To Deliver 1.5C Aligned Outcome > > Nasdaq is also following how Article 6 will interact in the future with > the voluntary carbon market and country’s individual emissions targets. > Long-term the goal is for a harmonization between compliance markets like > the EU ETS and the voluntary carbon markets to manage the decarbonization > of both countries and corporates under one scheme. > > COP28 gathers experts and professionals who highlight the urgent climate > actions that are needed now for the social costs of carbon to be avoided. > The social costs of carbon – the damages estimated from adding each > additional ton of carbon emissions to the atmosphere, vary substantially, > ranging from $13.36 to $3000/tCO2 but they need to be avoided through rapid > emission reduction strategies. > > In 2021, a study called “The social cost of carbon dioxide under > climate-economy feedbacks and temperature variability” estimated the cost > to be more than $300/tCO2e. A study published in September 2022 in Nature > estimated the social cost of carbon to be $185 per tonne of CO2. > > < > https://carbonherald.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/shutterstock_1427588192.jpg> > Image: Sergei Domashenko/Shutterstock > > That compares to a cost of emission reductions of $20 per ton of CO2 < > https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/the-true-cost-of-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-gillingham> > , provided by the International Monetary Fund. The estimate is demonstrated > with an example of a $20 million spending by a government to develop wind > farms that would reduce emissions by 1 million tons. Compared to the costs > of carbon dioxide removal, estimated in the range of $100 – $800 per ton, > emission reduction provide the largest economic benefits for climate change > mitigation in the short and medium term. > > Ross Sheil, GM of Cloverly <https://cloverly.com/> , a technology powered > climate action platform, helping companies manage emissions, commented on > the efficiency of compliance carbon markets: “ A lot of resistance on > adoption of carbon removals today comes from the voluntary carbon markets > being voluntary. We all have seen how successful a mandatory scheme has > been in reducing emissions looking at the EU over an 18 year period that > has been credited in driving a reduction of 37% in emissions.” > > He also highlighted the need of CDR to scale to bring the necessary > emission reductions: “The VCMI code of practice recommends the appropriate > percentage of carbon removals in a strategy to be 15 – 20%. If all > companies with SBTi targets adopt 20% of carbon removals to offset their > carbon footprint, it’s an additional demand of 6 billion carbon removals > required on an annual basis.” > > > Oceans > > > Separate attention was given to solutions that harness the power of the > world’s oceans. Two whole pavilions were dedicated to the cause, and we > went in for a deeper dive into the subject of how it can help mitigate the > climate crisis with Director of International Partnerships at Ocean Visions > <https://oceanvisions.org/> , Leonardo Valenzuela Pérez, PhD. > > Valenzuela Pérez spoke to Carbon Herald about some of the main challenges > in the way of implementing technologies and processes that could help > mitigate the impacts of climate change or even reverse them. > > “There is a lot of debate about the potential contributions of marine > carbon removal techniques, but the reality is these discussions are > occurring in an environment of very limited field data. To get actionable > information about the potential contributions of marine carbon removal > techniques, we need to advance a comprehensive research, development, and > demonstration effort to answer the fundamental questions about > additionality, durability, safety, costs, and social acceptability. > > This means doing the science and engineering at appropriate scales, > developing enabling policy and regulatory environments that allow for > accelerated R&D — including by making it easier to permit responsible > research—and optimizing technologies to increase their potential for > climate-relevant impact. Our new high-level road map outlines a program to > advance these needs,” Valenzuela Pérez said. > > > Carbon Markets > > > Although the 2-week climate talks did not result in countries moving > forward on Article 6.2 and Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement, the topic of > carbon credits and carbon markets was almost omnipresent throughout the > conference. > > To gain a better understanding of what the current state of the voluntary > carbon market is, and where things might be headed, we spoke to Pankaj > Pandey, Chief Operating Officer of EKI Energy <http://www.enkingint.org/> > – currently the world’s largest carbon project developer. > > Different estimates suggest that at the moment of writing, the company > holds a 15% to 20% share of the global voluntary carbon market (VCM). > > “This past year was very challenging for the carbon market. So, the > expectation here is that at least something will happen to clear out the > integrity and transparency issues that are mainly related to issues with > Measuring, Reporting and Verification (MRV). We’re all hoping COP28 will > help clear the air on this matter.” > > “But I do think people have started to realize that without the voluntary > carbon market, we can’t reach carbon neutrality and net zero goals, so its > importance is acknowledged. Now, it is more up to registries and > standardization bodies to improve their methodologies. And of course, > project developers and investors should apply these methodologies to their > projects. But I’m very optimistic that this challenging period for the VMC > that we’re in right now will come to an end.” > > Source: Carbon Herald > > <https://carbonherald.com/cop28-uae-key-takeaways/#top> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Carbon Dioxide Removal" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected] <mailto: > [email protected]> . > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CAHJsh98Uku9R_7fpzGgRL438NXRkWO5aTv55yoCAvtJqHqKKKg%40mail.gmail.com > < > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CAHJsh98Uku9R_7fpzGgRL438NXRkWO5aTv55yoCAvtJqHqKKKg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > Back to top <#m_-4036942612812329871_m_47447528156480945_digest_top> > The Indonesian Throughflow circulation under solar geoengineering > <http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering/t/992c5e3cb6b4afa8?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email> > Geoengineering News <[email protected]>: Dec 23 05:41PM +0500 > > *This item and others will be in the monthly “Solar Geoengineering Updates > Substack” newsletter:* https://solargeoengineeringupdates.substack.com/ > ----------------------------------------------------------------- > > https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/14/1317/2023/ > > *Authors* > Chencheng Shen, John C. Moore <[email protected]>, Heri Kuswanto > , and Liyun Zhao <[email protected]> > *Citations: *Shen, C., Moore, J. C., Kuswanto, H., and Zhao, L.: The > Indonesian Throughflow circulation under solar geoengineering, Earth Syst. > Dynam., 14, 1317–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-1317-2023, 2023. > *20 December 2023* > *Abstract* > > The Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) is the only low-latitude channel between > the Pacific and Indian oceans, and its variability has important effects on > global climate and biogeochemical cycles. Climate models consistently > predict a decline in ITF transport under global warming, but it has not yet > been examined under solar geoengineering scenarios. We use standard > parameterized methods for estimating the ITF – the Amended Island Rule and > buoyancy forcing – to investigate the ITF under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 > greenhouse gas scenarios and the geoengineering experiments G6solar and > G6sulfur, which reduce net global mean radiative forcing from SSP5-8.5 > levels to SSP2-4.5 levels using solar dimming and sulfate aerosol injection > strategies, respectively. Six-model ensemble-mean projections for 2080–2100 > show reductions of 19 % under the G6solar scenario and 28 % under the > G6sulfur scenario relative to the historical (1980–2014) ITF, which should > be compared with reductions of 23 % and 27 % under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. > Despite standard deviations amounting to 5 %–8 % for each scenario, all > scenarios are significantly different from each other (*p*<0.05) when the > whole 2020–2100 simulation period is considered. Thus, significant > weakening of the ITF occurs under all scenarios, but G6solar more closely > approximates SSP2-4.5 than G6sulfur does. In contrast with the other three > scenarios, which show only reductions in forcing due to ocean upwelling, > the G6sulfur experiment shows a large reduction in ocean surface wind > stress forcing accounting for 47 % (38 %–65 % across the model range) of > the decline in wind + upwelling-driven ITF transport. There are also > reductions in deep-sea upwelling in extratropical western boundary > currents. > *Source: EGU* > Back to top <#m_-4036942612812329871_m_47447528156480945_digest_top> > You received this digest because you're subscribed to updates for this > group. You can change your settings on the group membership page > <https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_source=digest&utm_medium=email#!forum/geoengineering/join> > . > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it send an > email to [email protected]. > -- *Steven **Zornetzer, Ph.D* *Vice-Chair, Board of Directors and* *Member Scientific Advisory Board* *Arctic Ice Project * *+1-669-264-0028* F <https://www.facebook.com/ArcticIceProject> | IG <https://www.instagram.com/ArcticIceProject> | LI <https://www.linkedin.com/company/ArcticIceProject> <https://www.linkedin.com/company/ice911-research-corporation> | T <https://twitter.com/ArcticIceProjct> | Website <http://www.arcticiceproject.org/> [image: arctic-blue.png] -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CAHt2Ejo8uWUnZ2V91zPivGJ-XWb5tDXKxHz1dCDd4sKPABP4PA%40mail.gmail.com.
