https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340925008686

*Authors: *Cody C, Soroosh Afzali, Willem Schellingerhout, Tom Meijeraan,
Fonger Ypma

*08 October 2025*

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2025.112147

*Abstract*
A field campaign in the Milan Arm of Pistolet Bay in Newfoundland, Canada
was conducted to gather data on sea ice restoration by artificial flooding
between February and May of 2025. Sea ice thickening was initiated by
pumping sea water from below the first-year sea ice onto the surface
without significantly modifying the overall snow cover beforehand. Pumping
consisted of 84 discrete events, for which GPS location, pumping start time
and duration, and local snow and ice thicknesses were recorded. Remote data
collection and monitoring were executed by three thermistor chains, three
radiation sensors, and one anemometer. All remote measurement systems
remained in the field until recovery of the floating systems following ice
break-up in late spring. Additionally, coring systems were used to extract
10 ice cores for analysis of temperature and bulk salinity profiles through
the ice depth to assess the effect of artificial flooding on sea ice
formation and ablation. Two of the ice cores were used and three seawater
samples were collected for analysis of the biological content of
phytoplankton. Transects of surface composition across select flooded sites
were assessed for the formation and solidification of ice and slush layers.
Snow thickness and density data were sampled for a representative region of
the entire site to assess spatial variability. All these data were
complemented by timelapse camera imaging from each monitoring station and
aerial drone imaging, including thermal imaging, of the entire region.

The dataset can be used to investigate the physical processes involved in
sea ice growth before, during, and after flooding. The dataset can be used,
in a limited manner, to understand the formation, growth, and ablation of
snow ice. The radiation data can be used to analyze the surface radiation
fluxes of the parent, flooded, and melting ice. The data gathered during
the melting season can be used to investigate the melting of thickened sea
ice in comparison to that of natural sea ice. The data on bulk salinity can
be used to investigate short-term brine migration. The data on
phytoplankton content can be used to assess its change due to the impact of
flooding. Combining the various data, thermodynamic ice growth and melt
models of sea ice, including snow, slush, and snow ice, can be validated.
The understanding of rain and meltwater drainage events could be improved
and flow models for simulation of artificial flooding of snow-covered
first-year sea ice could be further developed using the data. Aerial
imagery obtained by drone provides insights into the flooding behavior of
water over snow-covered ice, allowing for the detection and temporal
tracking of both visibly impacted and visually concealed areas that may not
be apparent to the naked eye.

*Source: ScienceDirect *

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