https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-025-04059-3

*Authirs: *Britta Clark

*10 November 2025*

*Abstract*
It is increasingly common to hear solar geoengineering compared to opioids.
I argue that probing this analogy can help us appreciate the following
surprising point: Common arguments for solar geoengineering, if taken to
their logical conclusion, imply that the technology should be used to slow
the pace of emissions reductions. Indeed, Integrated Assessment Models
(IAMs)—a widely used and influential climate policy tool—produce the same
result. This conclusion is striking because, if there is one area of
consensus across debates about solar geoengineering, it is that the
technology should not be used as a ‘substitute for’ or to ‘delay’ the
energy transition. I argue that we can make sense of this apparent tension
by recognizing that different parties to the solar geoengineering debate
have different conceptions of the kind of ‘substitution’ or ‘delay’ to be
avoided. The surface-level consensus that solar geoengineering should not
substitute for emissions reductions thus masks an important dispute: How
does the prospect of solar geoengineering influence the speed of emissions
cuts we should aim for? In the final pages of the paper, I’ll return to the
opioids analogy to briefly draw out the implications of answering this
question in the way recommended by IAMs. In short, we risk adopting an
approach to solar geoengineering policy that advances our own interests at
the expense of locking those that follow us into a form of addiction.

*Source: Springer Nature Link *

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