https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780128141045000259
<https://www.sciencedirect.com:5037/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780128141045000259>

*Authors: *Anthony Harding, Juan B. Moreno-Cruz

*16 November 2025*

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814104-5.00025-9

*Abstract*
Geoengineering provides an alternative strategy from abatement to
counteract or mask impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Geoengineering
strategies can be classified as either solar radiation management (SRM) or
carbon dioxide removal (CDR). SRM strategies are cheap, quick, but
imperfect. CDR strategies are expensive, slow, but perfect and can generate
negative net emissions. High abatement costs and shared global benefits
have created a free-rider problem, but properties of geoengineering have
the potential to disrupt that impasse. Geoengineering can also introduce
new problems through additional risks and uncertainties. Even if the use of
geoengineering is found to be optimal, strategic decision making may
produce suboptimal outcomes. Over the past decade, research has examined if
geoengineering is a serious alternative and when the benefits of using it
outweigh the costs.

*Source: ScienceDirect *

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