Sunburned Surveyor a écrit :
> [1] Is there any documentation on the GeoTools code that deals with map 
> projections and spatial reference systems?

There is some documentation there:

http://docs.codehaus.org/display/GEOTOOLS/Spatial+referencing

There is some demos there:

http://svn.geotools.org/geotools/trunk/gt/demo/referencing/src/main/java/org/geotools/demo/referencing/



> [2] What is in the " org.opengis" packages referenced to in the GeoTools 
> Javadoc, and how is this code related to GeoTools?

GeoAPI is an OpenGeospatial (http://www.opengeospatial.org/) working group. 
They 
were formely named "OpenGIS", abbreviated OGC. The main purpose of OGC is to 
create a set of specifications for geospatial informations. The goal is to 
achieve interoperability between different GIS vendor.

OGC work together with ISO, and some OGC specifications are actually join OGC / 
ISO specifications.

On spatial reference systems, I suggest that you go to this page:

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/as

and download "Topic 2 - Spatial Referencing by Coordinates". This is the ISO 
19111 specification, which Geotools tries to implement through GeoAPI.

GeoAPI (http://geoapi.sourceforge.net/) is a project that try to translate OGC 
/ 
ISO specifications into Java interfaces. GeoAPI do not provides any 
implementation, only interfaces. This is somewhat similar to JDBC in J2SE.

Geotools is a partial GeoAPI implementation. So the Geotools referencing module 
is an implementation of "org.opengis.referencing". If you code only against 
GeoAPI interfaces, in theory you could switch implementation with minimal 
effort. An other partial GeoAPI implementation (less advanced than Geotools 
however) is JScience (http://www.jscience.org/).

        Martin

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