Very thought provoking, David.  Could I ask:

- Is the Intrinsic format you're referring to related to what Avi Bar-Ze'ev 
describes at 
http://www.realityprime.com/articles/how-google-earth-really-works?  Or is what 
Avi's describing dealing with a different part of the GE process, or a 
different problem, somehow?

- Is your Navy Virtual Earth activity focused on e.g. rendering cities and 
such, as opposed to providing the base 3D globe itself, a la Google Earth?  
That is, is it positioned as a more feature-capable and standards-based 
approach to the problem Google is poking at in a view-only way with their 3D 
Cities activity?  Or is it more an alternative to Google Earth?  (It seems like 
the former, based on e.g. http://www.planet9.com/demos/P9_Virtual_Earth.pdf -- 
but couldn't tell for sure)

I've been a part (from a distance) of various discussions about a OGC 
standards-based "3D globe", but the focus was on evolving past a proprietary 
solution for the problem being addressed by Google Earth Enterprise.  But I 
thought it wasn't getting any traction at the OGC level (WMTS being about the 
only place it was progressing, though I don't think most people view that as a 
solution to a full 3D globe, worldwide coverage with high resolution imagery, 
like I'm talking about).  If there IS any active effort, I have some people who 
I think it would make sense to connect to it, that currently aren't.
 

-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] 
[mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of David Colleen
Sent: Friday, August 28, 2009 11:06 AM
To: 'J. Andrew Rogers'; [email protected]; 'Alan Hudson'; 'Don 
Brutzman'; 'McCann, Mike'
Subject: Re: [Geowanking] simple 3D geocode for AR

Hi Andrew

I really appreciate the depth and importance of your questions. This is in some 
regards a question for Michael Jones and the team at Google Earth. GE, started 
as Keyhole a sister company to Intrinsic the middle ware game engine company. 
GE was built on the Intrinsic engine and I confirmed with one of their 
engineers that their proprietary 3D format is still in use. I suspect that over 
the years, the Intrinsic format has been highly customized to serve a single 
goal.... serving Earth to millions of users. KML/Collada was added much later 
as a "bolt on" to support user contributed data. (Note that Keyhole, Intrinsic 
and Collada were all funded by Sony). Clearly, GE has developed a robust, 
scalable system and much could be learned from their experience if they would 
share. Michael has participated in X3D Earth sessions. One interesting comment 
that he made was the OGC's WMS/WFS were designed in a way that could not 
support intense user loads.

I will also share my own experience. Our CTO, Chris Nicholas, founded 
GlobeExplorer prior to joining Planet 9. GX was the largest aggregator of 
aerial and satellite imagery and needed to supply map tiles at a scale similar 
to Google. Early on, they used both Oracle and Microsoft servers and found that 
they could not afford the server licenses. They turned to open source efforts 
including PostgreSQL for their DB.

We built P9's streaming MU server along similar lines. Over the past year, we 
have been ramping up to support millions of 3D social networking users. We 
recently decided to switch from PostgreSQL to MySQL for scaling reasons. Our 
GeoFeeder server streams 3D data in many formats but primarily X3D to PC 
clients and MD3DM (mobile direct X binary) to cell phone clients. MD3DM has 
been used, rather than X3D, because of handset support and tool chain issues. 
Hopefully, we will serve a unified X3D stream in the future. 

We are also the lead architects for the US Navy - Virtual Earth system. NVE's 
goal is to supply an open standards based system, supporting GIS, A&E and other 
data types for users in GIS, CAD, security, flight training, etc. NVE is built 
on OGC's open source Geoserver with an Oracle DB and Web 3D's X3D Earth 
framework. Our development efforts for the Navy have been contributed back to 
OGC's source. It has been a great, ongoing challenge to reconcile the needs of 
AutoCAD and ESRI based users all within a 3D Earth globe framework.

Both NVE and Geofeeder are designed for large user populations but have yet to 
be fully tested at GE use levels. 

Now, coming back to one of your original questions Andrew.... almost all 3D 
scene graphs are syntactically similar and the resulting file sizes are also 
very similar. VRML, encoded as X3D (xml) is about 5-10% larger in file size. 
Encoded as Collada, the file grow by 40% in my tests. This is largely due to 
each vertex being described in lat long rather than in a local coordinate 
system. Clearly, GE has successfully used a stripped down version of Collada to 
display individual building on their globe. I have heard that those who tried 
to execute entire cities in Collada have had severe scaling issues. Collada was 
designed as a data storage and exchange format... not for real time use. I 
suspect that GE uses the Intrisic derived format for large city display. We 
have been running full city models in X3D for many year and are now doing 
likewise on iPhones... streamed from GeoFeeder.

As an aside, I think that quad or oct tree tile based Earth displays needed to 
be replaced by CLOD based systems. We funded VTP to do this but the effort 
proved to be too large. Recently, I saw the CLODDY platform in Germany. It 
looks very promising.

I hope this helps.

David Colleen
Planet 9
______________________________

I agree with most everything that is stated here, and I will confess
that I am not all that familiar with X3D though it looks pretty
well-engineered as such things go at first glance.  However, when I
look at the docs -- and standards are on my mind at the moment --
there is a giant question that looms large and for which I cannot
easily find an answer. How well does the protocol design scale for
real workloads? What kinds of scales were considered in its design?
Many elements of it seem biased toward mostly static models.

Consider, for example, workloads where you are supporting a sustained
update rate of tens of millions of geospatial polygons per second to a
single, contiguous earth model with billions to trillions of polygon
records. That is not an unrealistic application by any stretch of the
imagination, but there are many aspects of the protocol design that
while negligible on a small scale seem likely to become expensive when
scaled up.  By analogy, consider the evolution of a binary-encoded XML
protocols because real XML lacked properties that would allow it to
scale well for that purpose (so they reinvented ASN.1 wire encoding).
Good for when apps are small-ish, but that order of magnitude
performance penalty adds up when apps get big. I am having a hard time
thinking of *any* protocol that was properly engineered for
scalability in its early releases.

I'm not saying it is not designed to scale well generally, and I am
asking because I am too lazy and short on time to do serious research.
;-)  Just how suited is the standard for non-trivial real-time 3-d
geospatial models?  Obviously Google Earth comes up very short in this
domain, but is X3D just buying a modest extension of capability or is
it a genuinely robust model that can handle anything thrown at it?

-- 
J. Andrew Rogers
realityminer.blogspot.com


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