Add an API around managing the lifetime of cache_entry structs. Abstracting
memory management details behind an API will allow for alternative memory
management strategies without affecting all the call sites.  This commit does
not change how memory is allocated / freed. A later commit in this series will
allocate cache entries from memory pools as appropriate.

Motivation:
It has been observed that the time spent loading an index with a large
number of entries is partly dominated by malloc() calls. This
change is in preparation for using memory pools to reduce the number
of malloc() calls made when loading an index.

This API makes a distinction between cache entries that are intended for use
with a particular to an index and cache entries that are not. This enables us
to use the knowledge about how a cache entry will be used to make informed
decisions about how to handle the corresponding memory.
---
 apply.c                |  26 ++++++------
 blame.c                |   5 +--
 builtin/checkout.c     |   8 ++--
 builtin/difftool.c     |   8 ++--
 builtin/reset.c        |   6 +--
 builtin/update-index.c |  26 ++++++------
 cache.h                |  29 +++++++++++++-
 merge-recursive.c      |   2 +-
 read-cache.c           | 105 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 resolve-undo.c         |   6 ++-
 split-index.c          |   8 ++--
 tree.c                 |   4 +-
 unpack-trees.c         |  27 ++++++++-----
 13 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)

diff --git a/apply.c b/apply.c
index 7e5792c996..47903f427b 100644
--- a/apply.c
+++ b/apply.c
@@ -4090,12 +4090,12 @@ static int build_fake_ancestor(struct apply_state 
*state, struct patch *list)
                        return error(_("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
                                       "(%s)."), name);
 
-               ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, oid.hash, name, 0, 0);
+               ce = make_index_cache_entry(&result, patch->old_mode, oid.hash, 
name, 0, 0);
                if (!ce)
-                       return error(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"),
+                       return error(_("make_index_cache_entry failed for path 
'%s'"),
                                     name);
                if (add_index_entry(&result, ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
-                       free(ce);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                        return error(_("could not add %s to temporary index"),
                                     name);
                }
@@ -4263,12 +4263,11 @@ static int add_index_file(struct apply_state *state,
        struct stat st;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
        int namelen = strlen(path);
-       unsigned ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
 
        if (!state->update_index)
                return 0;
 
-       ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(&the_index, namelen);
        memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
        ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
        ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
@@ -4278,13 +4277,13 @@ static int add_index_file(struct apply_state *state,
 
                if (!skip_prefix(buf, "Subproject commit ", &s) ||
                    get_oid_hex(s, &ce->oid)) {
-                       free(ce);
-                      return error(_("corrupt patch for submodule %s"), path);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
+                       return error(_("corrupt patch for submodule %s"), path);
                }
        } else {
                if (!state->cached) {
                        if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
-                               free(ce);
+                               index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                                return error_errno(_("unable to stat newly "
                                                     "created file '%s'"),
                                                   path);
@@ -4292,13 +4291,13 @@ static int add_index_file(struct apply_state *state,
                        fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
                }
                if (write_object_file(buf, size, blob_type, &ce->oid) < 0) {
-                       free(ce);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                        return error(_("unable to create backing store "
                                       "for newly created file %s"), path);
                }
        }
        if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0) {
-               free(ce);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                return error(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"), path);
        }
 
@@ -4422,27 +4421,26 @@ static int add_conflicted_stages_file(struct 
apply_state *state,
                                       struct patch *patch)
 {
        int stage, namelen;
-       unsigned ce_size, mode;
+       unsigned mode;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
 
        if (!state->update_index)
                return 0;
        namelen = strlen(patch->new_name);
-       ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
        mode = patch->new_mode ? patch->new_mode : (S_IFREG | 0644);
 
        remove_file_from_cache(patch->new_name);
        for (stage = 1; stage < 4; stage++) {
                if (is_null_oid(&patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]))
                        continue;
-               ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
+               ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(&the_index, namelen);
                memcpy(ce->name, patch->new_name, namelen);
                ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
                ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
                ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
                oidcpy(&ce->oid, &patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]);
                if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0) {
-                       free(ce);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                        return error(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"),
                                     patch->new_name);
                }
diff --git a/blame.c b/blame.c
index 78c9808bd1..8067e398a1 100644
--- a/blame.c
+++ b/blame.c
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct 
diff_options *opt,
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *ident;
        time_t now;
-       int size, len;
+       int len;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
        unsigned mode;
        struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -252,8 +252,7 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct 
diff_options *opt,
                        /* Let's not bother reading from HEAD tree */
                        mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
        }
-       size = cache_entry_size(len);
-       ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(&the_index, len);
        oidcpy(&ce->oid, &origin->blob_oid);
        memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
        ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index b49b582071..2ae2aff81a 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static int update_some(const struct object_id *oid, struct 
strbuf *base,
                return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
 
        len = base->len + strlen(pathname);
-       ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(&the_index, len);
        oidcpy(&ce->oid, oid);
        memcpy(ce->name, base->buf, base->len);
        memcpy(ce->name + base->len, pathname, len - base->len);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ static int update_some(const struct object_id *oid, struct 
strbuf *base,
                if (ce->ce_mode == old->ce_mode &&
                    !oidcmp(&ce->oid, &old->oid)) {
                        old->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE;
-                       free(ce);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                        return 0;
                }
        }
@@ -230,11 +230,11 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, const struct checkout 
*state)
        if (write_object_file(result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size, blob_type, &oid))
                die(_("Unable to add merge result for '%s'"), path);
        free(result_buf.ptr);
-       ce = make_cache_entry(mode, oid.hash, path, 2, 0);
+       ce = make_transient_cache_entry(mode, oid.hash, path, 2);
        if (!ce)
                die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"), path);
        status = checkout_entry(ce, state, NULL);
-       free(ce);
+       transient_cache_entry_discard(ce);
        return status;
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/difftool.c b/builtin/difftool.c
index ee8dce019e..db7b256a7b 100644
--- a/builtin/difftool.c
+++ b/builtin/difftool.c
@@ -321,10 +321,10 @@ static int checkout_path(unsigned mode, struct object_id 
*oid,
        struct cache_entry *ce;
        int ret;
 
-       ce = make_cache_entry(mode, oid->hash, path, 0, 0);
+       ce = make_transient_cache_entry(mode, oid->hash, path, 0);
        ret = checkout_entry(ce, state, NULL);
 
-       free(ce);
+       transient_cache_entry_discard(ce);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ static int run_dir_diff(const char *extcmd, int symlinks, 
const char *prefix,
                                 * index.
                                 */
                                struct cache_entry *ce2 =
-                                       make_cache_entry(rmode, roid.hash,
-                                                        dst_path, 0, 0);
+                                       make_index_cache_entry(&wtindex, rmode, 
roid.hash,
+                                                              dst_path, 0, 0);
 
                                add_index_entry(&wtindex, ce2,
                                                ADD_CACHE_JUST_APPEND);
diff --git a/builtin/reset.c b/builtin/reset.c
index 7f1c3f02a3..1062dab73f 100644
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ static void update_index_from_diff(struct 
diff_queue_struct *q,
                        continue;
                }
 
-               ce = make_cache_entry(one->mode, one->oid.hash, one->path,
-                                     0, 0);
+               ce = make_index_cache_entry(&the_index, one->mode, 
one->oid.hash, one->path,
+                                           0, 0);
                if (!ce)
-                       die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"),
+                       die(_("make_index_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"),
                            one->path);
                if (is_missing) {
                        ce->ce_flags |= CE_INTENT_TO_ADD;
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index 10d070a76f..9adb366d6c 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -268,15 +268,14 @@ static int process_lstat_error(const char *path, int err)
 
 static int add_one_path(const struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int 
len, struct stat *st)
 {
-       int option, size;
+       int option;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
 
        /* Was the old index entry already up-to-date? */
        if (old && !ce_stage(old) && !ce_match_stat(old, st, 0))
                return 0;
 
-       size = cache_entry_size(len);
-       ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(&the_index, len);
        memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
        ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
        ce->ce_namelen = len;
@@ -285,13 +284,13 @@ static int add_one_path(const struct cache_entry *old, 
const char *path, int len
 
        if (index_path(&ce->oid, path, st,
                       info_only ? 0 : HASH_WRITE_OBJECT)) {
-               free(ce);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                return -1;
        }
        option = allow_add ? ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD : 0;
        option |= allow_replace ? ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE : 0;
        if (add_cache_entry(ce, option)) {
-               free(ce);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                return error("%s: cannot add to the index - missing --add 
option?", path);
        }
        return 0;
@@ -403,15 +402,14 @@ static int process_path(const char *path)
 static int add_cacheinfo(unsigned int mode, const struct object_id *oid,
                         const char *path, int stage)
 {
-       int size, len, option;
+       int len, option;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
 
        if (!verify_path(path))
                return error("Invalid path '%s'", path);
 
        len = strlen(path);
-       size = cache_entry_size(len);
-       ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(&the_index, len);
 
        oidcpy(&ce->oid, oid);
        memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
@@ -589,7 +587,6 @@ static struct cache_entry *read_one_ent(const char *which,
 {
        unsigned mode;
        struct object_id oid;
-       int size;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
 
        if (get_tree_entry(ent, path, &oid, &mode)) {
@@ -602,8 +599,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *read_one_ent(const char *which,
                        error("%s: not a blob in %s branch.", path, which);
                return NULL;
        }
-       size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
-       ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(&the_index, namelen);
 
        oidcpy(&ce->oid, &oid);
        memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
@@ -680,8 +676,8 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
        error("%s: cannot add their version to the index.", path);
        ret = -1;
  free_return:
-       free(ce_2);
-       free(ce_3);
+       index_cache_entry_discard(ce_2);
+       index_cache_entry_discard(ce_3);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -748,7 +744,7 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
                                           ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0);
                if (old && ce->ce_mode == old->ce_mode &&
                    !oidcmp(&ce->oid, &old->oid)) {
-                       free(old);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(old);
                        continue; /* unchanged */
                }
                /* Be careful.  The working tree may not have the
@@ -759,7 +755,7 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
                path = xstrdup(ce->name);
                update_one(path);
                free(path);
-               free(old);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(old);
                if (save_nr != active_nr)
                        goto redo;
        }
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index e50a847aea..eedf154815 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -339,6 +339,34 @@ extern void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, 
struct cache_entry *ce)
 extern void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate);
 
 
+/* Cache entry creation and freeing */
+
+/*
+ * Create cache_entry intended for use in the specified index. Caller
+ * is responsible for discarding the cache_entry with
+ * `index_cache_entry_discard`.
+ */
+extern struct cache_entry *make_index_cache_entry(struct index_state *istate, 
unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, 
unsigned int refresh_options);
+extern struct cache_entry *make_empty_index_cache_entry(struct index_state 
*istate, size_t name_len);
+
+/*
+ * Create a cache_entry that is not intended to be added to an index.
+ * Caller is responsible for discarding the cache_entry
+ * with `transient_cache_entry_discard`.
+ */
+extern struct cache_entry *make_transient_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const 
unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage);
+extern struct cache_entry *make_empty_transient_cache_entry(size_t name_len);
+
+/*
+ * Discard cache entry allocated via `make_*_index_cache_entry`.
+ */
+void index_cache_entry_discard(struct cache_entry *ce);
+
+/*
+ * Discard cache entry allocated via `make_*_transient_cache_entry`.
+ */
+void transient_cache_entry_discard(struct cache_entry *ce);
+
 #ifndef NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #define active_cache (the_index.cache)
 #define active_nr (the_index.cache_nr)
@@ -690,7 +718,6 @@ extern int remove_file_from_index(struct index_state *, 
const char *path);
 extern int add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, struct stat *, 
int flags);
 extern int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, int 
flags);
 
-extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned 
char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, unsigned int refresh_options);
 extern int chmod_index_entry(struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *ce, 
char flip);
 extern int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry 
*b);
 extern void set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(struct cache_entry *ce);
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index 693f60e0a3..be118c0c6d 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ static int add_cacheinfo(struct merge_options *o,
        struct cache_entry *ce;
        int ret;
 
-       ce = make_cache_entry(mode, oid ? oid->hash : null_sha1, path, stage, 
0);
+       ce = make_index_cache_entry(&the_index, mode, oid ? oid->hash : 
null_sha1, path, stage, 0);
        if (!ce)
                return err(o, _("addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"), path);
 
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index 2cb4f53b57..04fa7e1bd0 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static void replace_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, 
int nr, struct cache
 
        replace_index_entry_in_base(istate, old, ce);
        remove_name_hash(istate, old);
-       free(old);
+       index_cache_entry_discard(old);
        ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_HASHED;
        set_index_entry(istate, nr, ce);
        ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int 
nr, const char *new_n
        struct cache_entry *old_entry = istate->cache[nr], *new_entry;
        int namelen = strlen(new_name);
 
-       new_entry = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(namelen));
+       new_entry = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, namelen);
        copy_cache_entry(new_entry, old_entry);
        new_entry->ce_flags &= ~CE_HASHED;
        new_entry->ce_namelen = namelen;
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_alias_ce(struct 
index_state *istate,
 
        /* Ok, create the new entry using the name of the existing alias */
        len = ce_namelen(alias);
-       new_entry = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
+       new_entry = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, len);
        memcpy(new_entry->name, alias->name, len);
        copy_cache_entry(new_entry, ce);
        save_or_free_index_entry(istate, ce);
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ void set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(struct 
cache_entry *ce)
 
 int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat 
*st, int flags)
 {
-       int size, namelen, was_same;
+       int namelen, was_same;
        mode_t st_mode = st->st_mode;
        struct cache_entry *ce, *alias = NULL;
        unsigned ce_option = 
CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE|CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY;
@@ -662,8 +662,7 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char 
*path, struct stat *st,
                while (namelen && path[namelen-1] == '/')
                        namelen--;
        }
-       size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
-       ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, namelen);
        memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
        ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
        if (!intent_only)
@@ -704,13 +703,13 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char 
*path, struct stat *st,
                                ce_mark_uptodate(alias);
                        alias->ce_flags |= CE_ADDED;
 
-                       free(ce);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        if (!intent_only) {
                if (index_path(&ce->oid, path, st, newflags)) {
-                       free(ce);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                        return error("unable to index file %s", path);
                }
        } else
@@ -727,9 +726,9 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char 
*path, struct stat *st,
                    ce->ce_mode == alias->ce_mode);
 
        if (pretend)
-               free(ce);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
        else if (add_index_entry(istate, ce, add_option)) {
-               free(ce);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                return error("unable to add %s to index", path);
        }
        if (verbose && !was_same)
@@ -745,12 +744,22 @@ int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const 
char *path, int flags)
        return add_to_index(istate, path, &st, flags);
 }
 
-struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
-               const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage,
-               unsigned int refresh_options)
+struct cache_entry *make_empty_index_cache_entry(struct index_state *istate, 
size_t len)
+{
+       return xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
+}
+
+struct cache_entry *make_empty_transient_cache_entry(size_t len)
+{
+       return xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
+}
+
+struct cache_entry *make_index_cache_entry(struct index_state *istate, 
unsigned int mode,
+                           const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path,
+                           int stage, unsigned int refresh_options)
 {
-       int size, len;
        struct cache_entry *ce, *ret;
+       int len;
 
        if (!verify_path(path)) {
                error("Invalid path '%s'", path);
@@ -758,8 +767,7 @@ struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
        }
 
        len = strlen(path);
-       size = cache_entry_size(len);
-       ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, len);
 
        hashcpy(ce->oid.hash, sha1);
        memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
@@ -769,10 +777,34 @@ struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
 
        ret = refresh_cache_entry(&the_index, ce, refresh_options);
        if (ret != ce)
-               free(ce);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
+
        return ret;
 }
 
+struct cache_entry *make_transient_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const 
unsigned char *sha1,
+                          const char *path, int stage)
+{
+       struct cache_entry *ce;
+       int len;
+
+       if (!verify_path(path)) {
+               error("Invalid path '%s'", path);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       len = strlen(path);
+       ce = make_empty_transient_cache_entry(len);
+
+       hashcpy(ce->oid.hash, sha1);
+       memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
+       ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+       ce->ce_namelen = len;
+       ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+
+       return ce;
+}
+
 /*
  * Chmod an index entry with either +x or -x.
  *
@@ -1243,7 +1275,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct 
index_state *istate,
 {
        struct stat st;
        struct cache_entry *updated;
-       int changed, size;
+       int changed;
        int refresh = options & CE_MATCH_REFRESH;
        int ignore_valid = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID;
        int ignore_skip_worktree = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
@@ -1323,8 +1355,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct 
index_state *istate,
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       size = ce_size(ce);
-       updated = xmalloc(size);
+       updated = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, ce_namelen(ce));
        copy_cache_entry(updated, ce);
        memcpy(updated->name, ce->name, ce->ce_namelen + 1);
        fill_stat_cache_info(updated, &st);
@@ -1610,12 +1641,13 @@ int read_index(struct index_state *istate)
        return read_index_from(istate, get_index_file(), get_git_dir());
 }
 
-static struct cache_entry *cache_entry_from_ondisk(struct ondisk_cache_entry 
*ondisk,
+static struct cache_entry *cache_entry_from_ondisk(struct index_state *istate,
+                                                  struct ondisk_cache_entry 
*ondisk,
                                                   unsigned int flags,
                                                   const char *name,
                                                   size_t len)
 {
-       struct cache_entry *ce = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(len));
+       struct cache_entry *ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, len);
 
        ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec = get_be32(&ondisk->ctime.sec);
        ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec = get_be32(&ondisk->mtime.sec);
@@ -1657,7 +1689,8 @@ static unsigned long expand_name_field(struct strbuf 
*name, const char *cp_)
        return (const char *)ep + 1 - cp_;
 }
 
-static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
+static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct index_state *istate,
+                                           struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
                                            unsigned long *ent_size,
                                            struct strbuf *previous_name)
 {
@@ -1688,13 +1721,13 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct 
ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
                /* v3 and earlier */
                if (len == CE_NAMEMASK)
                        len = strlen(name);
-               ce = cache_entry_from_ondisk(ondisk, flags, name, len);
+               ce = cache_entry_from_ondisk(istate, ondisk, flags, name, len);
 
                *ent_size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
        } else {
                unsigned long consumed;
                consumed = expand_name_field(previous_name, name);
-               ce = cache_entry_from_ondisk(ondisk, flags,
+               ce = cache_entry_from_ondisk(istate, ondisk, flags,
                                             previous_name->buf,
                                             previous_name->len);
 
@@ -1826,7 +1859,7 @@ int do_read_index(struct index_state *istate, const char 
*path, int must_exist)
                unsigned long consumed;
 
                disk_ce = (struct ondisk_cache_entry *)((char *)mmap + 
src_offset);
-               ce = create_from_disk(disk_ce, &consumed, previous_name);
+               ce = create_from_disk(istate, disk_ce, &consumed, 
previous_name);
                set_index_entry(istate, i, ce);
 
                src_offset += consumed;
@@ -1932,7 +1965,7 @@ int discard_index(struct index_state *istate)
                    istate->cache[i]->index <= 
istate->split_index->base->cache_nr &&
                    istate->cache[i] == 
istate->split_index->base->cache[istate->cache[i]->index - 1])
                        continue;
-               free(istate->cache[i]);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(istate->cache[i]);
        }
        resolve_undo_clear_index(istate);
        istate->cache_nr = 0;
@@ -2622,14 +2655,13 @@ int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *istate)
        for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
                struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
                struct cache_entry *new_ce;
-               int size, len;
+               int len;
 
                if (!ce_stage(ce))
                        continue;
                unmerged = 1;
                len = ce_namelen(ce);
-               size = cache_entry_size(len);
-               new_ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+               new_ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, len);
                memcpy(new_ce->name, ce->name, len);
                new_ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0) | CE_CONFLICTED;
                new_ce->ce_namelen = len;
@@ -2738,3 +2770,16 @@ void move_index_extensions(struct index_state *dst, 
struct index_state *src)
        dst->untracked = src->untracked;
        src->untracked = NULL;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Free cache entry allocated for an index.
+ */
+void index_cache_entry_discard(struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+       free(ce);
+}
+
+void transient_cache_entry_discard(struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+       free(ce);
+}
diff --git a/resolve-undo.c b/resolve-undo.c
index aed95b4b35..96ef6307a6 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.c
+++ b/resolve-undo.c
@@ -146,8 +146,10 @@ int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int 
pos)
                struct cache_entry *nce;
                if (!ru->mode[i])
                        continue;
-               nce = make_cache_entry(ru->mode[i], ru->oid[i].hash,
-                                      name, i + 1, 0);
+               nce = make_index_cache_entry(istate,
+                                            ru->mode[i],
+                                            ru->oid[i].hash,
+                                            name, i + 1, 0);
                if (matched)
                        nce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
                if (add_index_entry(istate, nce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
diff --git a/split-index.c b/split-index.c
index 3eb8ff1b43..361c821096 100644
--- a/split-index.c
+++ b/split-index.c
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static void replace_entry(size_t pos, void *data)
        src->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
        src->ce_namelen = dst->ce_namelen;
        copy_cache_entry(dst, src);
-       free(src);
+       index_cache_entry_discard(src);
        si->nr_replacements++;
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void prepare_to_write_split_index(struct index_state 
*istate)
                        base->ce_flags = base_flags;
                        if (ret)
                                ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
-                       free(base);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(base);
                        si->base->cache[ce->index - 1] = ce;
                }
                for (i = 0; i < si->base->cache_nr; i++) {
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ void save_or_free_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, 
struct cache_entry *ce
            ce == istate->split_index->base->cache[ce->index - 1])
                ce->ce_flags |= CE_REMOVE;
        else
-               free(ce);
+               index_cache_entry_discard(ce);
 }
 
 void replace_index_entry_in_base(struct index_state *istate,
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ void replace_index_entry_in_base(struct index_state *istate,
            old_entry->index <= istate->split_index->base->cache_nr) {
                new_entry->index = old_entry->index;
                if (old_entry != 
istate->split_index->base->cache[new_entry->index - 1])
-                       free(istate->split_index->base->cache[new_entry->index 
- 1]);
+                       
index_cache_entry_discard(istate->split_index->base->cache[new_entry->index - 
1]);
                istate->split_index->base->cache[new_entry->index - 1] = 
new_entry;
        }
 }
diff --git a/tree.c b/tree.c
index 1c68ea586b..1ba39c9374 100644
--- a/tree.c
+++ b/tree.c
@@ -16,15 +16,13 @@ static int read_one_entry_opt(struct index_state *istate,
                              unsigned mode, int stage, int opt)
 {
        int len;
-       unsigned int size;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
 
        if (S_ISDIR(mode))
                return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
 
        len = strlen(pathname);
-       size = cache_entry_size(baselen + len);
-       ce = xcalloc(1, size);
+       ce = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, baselen + len);
 
        ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
        ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index e73745051e..232cdecc72 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ static int do_add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, 
struct cache_entry *ce,
                               ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 }
 
-static struct cache_entry *dup_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
+static struct cache_entry *dup_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct 
index_state *istate)
 {
        unsigned int size = ce_size(ce);
-       struct cache_entry *new_entry = xmalloc(size);
+       struct cache_entry *new_entry = make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, 
ce_namelen(ce));
 
        memcpy(new_entry, ce, size);
        return new_entry;
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
                      const struct cache_entry *ce,
                      unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
 {
-       do_add_entry(o, dup_entry(ce), set, clear);
+       do_add_entry(o, dup_entry(ce, &o->result), set, clear);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -786,10 +786,17 @@ static int ce_in_traverse_path(const struct cache_entry 
*ce,
        return (info->pathlen < ce_namelen(ce));
 }
 
-static struct cache_entry *create_ce_entry(const struct traverse_info *info, 
const struct name_entry *n, int stage)
+static struct cache_entry *create_ce_entry(const struct traverse_info *info,
+       const struct name_entry *n,
+       int stage,
+       struct index_state *istate,
+       int is_transient)
 {
        int len = traverse_path_len(info, n);
-       struct cache_entry *ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
+       struct cache_entry *ce =
+               is_transient ?
+               make_empty_transient_cache_entry(len) :
+               make_empty_index_cache_entry(istate, len);
 
        ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(n->mode);
        ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
@@ -835,7 +842,7 @@ static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
                        stage = 3;
                else
                        stage = 2;
-               src[i + o->merge] = create_ce_entry(info, names + i, stage);
+               src[i + o->merge] = create_ce_entry(info, names + i, stage, 
&o->result, o->merge);
        }
 
        if (o->merge) {
@@ -844,7 +851,7 @@ static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
                for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                        struct cache_entry *ce = src[i + o->merge];
                        if (ce != o->df_conflict_entry)
-                               free(ce);
+                               transient_cache_entry_discard(ce);
                }
                return rc;
        }
@@ -1765,7 +1772,7 @@ static int merged_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
                        struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
        int update = CE_UPDATE;
-       struct cache_entry *merge = dup_entry(ce);
+       struct cache_entry *merge = dup_entry(ce, &o->result);
 
        if (!old) {
                /*
@@ -1785,7 +1792,7 @@ static int merged_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 
                if (verify_absent(merge,
                                  ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o)) {
-                       free(merge);
+                       index_cache_entry_discard(merge);
                        return -1;
                }
                invalidate_ce_path(merge, o);
@@ -1811,7 +1818,7 @@ static int merged_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
                        update = 0;
                } else {
                        if (verify_uptodate(old, o)) {
-                               free(merge);
+                               index_cache_entry_discard(merge);
                                return -1;
                        }
                        /* Migrate old flags over */
-- 
2.14.3

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