gitmodules(5) sayeth:

   submodule.<name>.branch
       A remote branch name for tracking updates in the upstream
       submodule. If the option is not specified, it defaults to master.

This doesn't allow having a "pinned" submodule that should not be updated
from upstream. We should change this to have no default --- if branch is
not specified, don't update that submodule, just like in Gerrit's
corresponding feature[1].

[1] 
https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/user-submodules.html#_defining_the_submodule_branch

Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbel...@google.com>
---
 Documentation/gitmodules.txt | 11 ++++++-----
 git-submodule.sh             | 19 +++++++++++--------
 t/t7406-submodule-update.sh  | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index 4d63def2069..3b8739f8294 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -50,11 +50,12 @@ submodule.<name>.update::
 
 submodule.<name>.branch::
        A remote branch name for tracking updates in the upstream submodule.
-       If the option is not specified, it defaults to 'master'.  A special
-       value of `.` is used to indicate that the name of the branch in the
-       submodule should be the same name as the current branch in the
-       current repository.  See the `--remote` documentation in
-       linkgit:git-submodule[1] for details.
+       A special value of `.` is used to indicate that the name of the
+       branch in the submodule should be the same name as the current
+       branch in the current repository.  See the `--remote` documentation
+       in linkgit:git-submodule[1] for details.
+       If the option is not specified, do not update to any branch but
+       the object id of the remote.
 
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
        This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
index f7fd80345cd..342050ae934 100755
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -568,16 +568,19 @@ cmd_update()
                if test -n "$remote"
                then
                        branch=$(git submodule--helper remote-branch "$sm_path")
-                       if test -z "$nofetch"
+                       if test -n "$branch"
                        then
-                               # Fetch remote before determining tracking $sha1
-                               fetch_in_submodule "$sm_path" $depth ||
-                               die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in 
submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+                               if test -z "$nofetch"
+                               then
+                                       # Fetch remote before determining 
tracking $sha1
+                                       fetch_in_submodule "$sm_path" $depth ||
+                                       die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in 
submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+                               fi
+                               remote_name=$(sanitize_submodule_env; cd 
"$sm_path" && get_default_remote)
+                               sha1=$(sanitize_submodule_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
+                                       git rev-parse --verify 
"${remote_name}/${branch}") ||
+                               die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current 
\${remote_name}/\${branch} revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
                        fi
-                       remote_name=$(sanitize_submodule_env; cd "$sm_path" && 
get_default_remote)
-                       sha1=$(sanitize_submodule_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
-                               git rev-parse --verify 
"${remote_name}/${branch}") ||
-                       die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current 
\${remote_name}/\${branch} revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
                fi
 
                if ! $(git config -f "$(git rev-parse 
--git-common-dir)/modules/$name/config" core.worktree) 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
index 10dc91620a6..f04884743fd 100755
--- a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
+++ b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
@@ -260,6 +260,28 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update --remote should 
fetch upstream changes wit
        )
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --remote should not fetch upstream when 
no branch is set' '
+       (
+               cd super &&
+               test_might_fail git config --unset -f .gitmodules 
submodule."submodule".branch &&
+               git add .gitmodules &&
+               git commit --allow-empty -m "submodules: pin in superproject 
branch"
+       ) &&
+       (
+               cd submodule &&
+               echo line4b >>file &&
+               git add file &&
+               test_tick &&
+               git commit -m "upstream line4b"
+       ) &&
+       (
+               cd super &&
+               git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+               git -C submodule log -1 --oneline >actual &&
+               ! grep line4b actual
+       )
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'local config should override .gitmodules branch' '
        (cd submodule &&
         git checkout test-branch &&
-- 
2.19.0.rc2.392.g5ba43deb5a-goog

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