At a checkpoint, fast-import resets all branches and tags on disk to the
OID that we have in memory. If --force is not given, only branch resets
that result in fast forwards with respect to the state on disk are
allowed.

With this approach, even for refs that fast-import has not been
commanded to change for a long time (or ever), at each checkpoint, we
will systematically reset them to the last state this process knows
about, a state which may have been set before the previous checkpoint.
Any changes made to these refs by a different process since the last
checkpoint will be overwritten.

1> is one process, 2> is another:

        1> $ git fast-import --force
        1> reset refs/heads/master
        1> from $A
        1> checkpoint
        2> $ git branch -f refs/heads/master $B
        1> reset refs/heads/tip
        1> from $C
        1> checkpoint

At this point master points again to $A.

This problem is mitigated somewhat for branches when --force is not
specified (the default), as requiring a fast forward means in practice
that concurrent external changes are likely to be preserved. But it's
not foolproof either:

        1> $ git fast-import
        1> reset refs/heads/master
        1> from $A
        1> checkpoint
        2> $ git branch -f refs/heads/master refs/heads/master~1
        1> reset refs/heads/tip
        1> from $C
        1> checkpoint

At this point, master points again to $A, not $A~1 as requested by the
second process.

We now keep track of whether branches and tags have been changed by this
fast-import process since our last checkpoint (or startup). At the next
checkpoint, only refs and tags that new commands have changed are
written to disk.
---
 fast-import.c          | 14 +++++++++++
 t/t9300-fast-import.sh | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 67 insertions(+)


Please let me know what you think of the change itself, before I spend
some quality time bashing out a way to avoid using sleep(1) in the
tests.

Thanks.


diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index 95600c78e048..d25be5c83110 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@ struct branch {
        uintmax_t num_notes;
        unsigned active : 1;
        unsigned delete : 1;
+       unsigned changed : 1;
        unsigned pack_id : PACK_ID_BITS;
        struct object_id oid;
 };
@@ -257,6 +258,7 @@ struct branch {
 struct tag {
        struct tag *next_tag;
        const char *name;
+       unsigned changed : 1;
        unsigned int pack_id;
        struct object_id oid;
 };
@@ -728,6 +730,7 @@ static struct branch *new_branch(const char *name)
        b->branch_tree.versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
        b->num_notes = 0;
        b->active = 0;
+       b->changed = 0;
        b->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
        branch_table[hc] = b;
        branch_count++;
@@ -1715,6 +1718,10 @@ static int update_branch(struct branch *b)
        struct object_id old_oid;
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+       if (!b->changed)
+               return 0;
+       b->changed = 0;
+
        if (is_null_oid(&b->oid)) {
                if (b->delete)
                        delete_ref(NULL, b->name, NULL, 0);
@@ -1780,6 +1787,10 @@ static void dump_tags(void)
                goto cleanup;
        }
        for (t = first_tag; t; t = t->next_tag) {
+               if (!t->changed)
+                       continue;
+               t->changed = 0;
+
                strbuf_reset(&ref_name);
                strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/tags/%s", t->name);
 
@@ -2813,6 +2824,7 @@ static void parse_new_commit(const char *arg)
 
        if (!store_object(OBJ_COMMIT, &new_data, NULL, &b->oid, next_mark))
                b->pack_id = pack_id;
+       b->changed = 1;
        b->last_commit = object_count_by_type[OBJ_COMMIT];
 }
 
@@ -2894,6 +2906,7 @@ static void parse_new_tag(const char *arg)
                t->pack_id = MAX_PACK_ID;
        else
                t->pack_id = pack_id;
+       t->changed = 1;
 }
 
 static void parse_reset_branch(const char *arg)
@@ -2914,6 +2927,7 @@ static void parse_reset_branch(const char *arg)
                b = new_branch(arg);
        read_next_command();
        parse_from(b);
+       b->changed = 1;
        if (command_buf.len > 0)
                unread_command_buf = 1;
 }
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 40fe7e49767a..548994dfbeb3 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -3123,6 +3123,9 @@ test_expect_success 'U: validate root delete result' '
 
 # The commands in input_file should not produce any output on the file
 # descriptor set with --cat-blob-fd (or stdout if unspecified).
+# 
+# If input_file2 is specified, sleep 2 seconds before writing it to fast-import
+# stdin.
 #
 # To make sure you're observing the side effects of checkpoint *before*
 # fast-import terminates (and thus writes out its state), check that the
@@ -3131,6 +3134,7 @@ test_expect_success 'U: validate root delete result' '
 background_import_then_checkpoint () {
        options=$1
        input_file=$2
+       input_file2=$3
 
        mkfifo V.input
        exec 8<>V.input
@@ -3155,6 +3159,7 @@ background_import_then_checkpoint () {
        # because there is no reader on &9 yet.
        (
                cat "$input_file"
+               [ -n "$input_file2" ] && sleep 2 && cat "$input_file2"
                echo "checkpoint"
                echo "progress checkpoint"
        ) >&8 &
@@ -3262,4 +3267,52 @@ test_expect_success PIPE 'V: checkpoint updates tags 
after tag' '
        background_import_still_running
 '
 
+test_expect_success PIPE 'V: checkpoint only resets changed branches' '
+       cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+       reset refs/heads/V3
+       from refs/heads/U
+
+       checkpoint
+       INPUT_END
+
+       cat >input2 <<-INPUT_END &&
+       reset refs/heads/V4
+       from refs/heads/U
+
+       INPUT_END
+
+       background_import_then_checkpoint "" input input2 &&
+       sleep 1 &&
+       git branch -f V3 refs/heads/V &&
+       sleep 2 &&
+       test "$(git rev-parse --verify V3)" = "$(git rev-parse --verify V)" &&
+       background_import_still_running
+'
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'V: checkpoint only updates changed tags' '
+       cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+       tag Vtag2
+       from refs/heads/U
+       tagger $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+       data 0
+
+       checkpoint
+       INPUT_END
+
+       cat >input2 <<-INPUT_END &&
+       tag Vtag3
+       from refs/heads/U
+       tagger $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+       data 0
+
+       INPUT_END
+
+       background_import_then_checkpoint "" input input2 &&
+       sleep 1 &&
+       git tag -f Vtag2 refs/heads/V &&
+       sleep 2 &&
+       test "$(git rev-parse --verify Vtag2)" = "$(git rev-parse --verify V)" 
&&
+       background_import_still_running
+'
+
 test_done
-- 
2.19.1

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