tlfua opened a new pull request, #7550:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion-comet/pull/7550

   ## Which issue does this PR close?
   
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   Closes #7396.
   
   ## Rationale for this change
   
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   All four HLL expressions required `allowIncompatible` because "estimates may 
differ slightly". That reason was written against datasketches 0.3.0. After the 
upgrade to 0.6.0 (#7395), I compared Comet's code paths with the 
DataSketches-Java 6.2.0 logic Spark uses ([experiment 
run](https://github.com/tlfua/datafusion-comet/actions/runs/42348769378), 
results in 
https://github.com/apache/datafusion-comet/issues/7396#issuecomment-6703600973 
and 
https://github.com/apache/datafusion-comet/issues/7396#issuecomment-6703622409):
   
   | Expression | Result vs Spark |
   | --- | --- |
   | `hll_sketch_estimate` | Bit-identical over 954 cases (lgK 4-21, all modes, 
HLL_4/6/8 inputs) |
   | `hll_sketch_agg` | Sketch bytes differ (compact vs updatable layout). 
Estimate of a multi-partition merge differs by up to about 0.8% |
   | `hll_union` | Sketch bytes differ. With `allowDifferentLgConfigK` and 
different lgK, estimate differs by up to about 1.6% |
   | `hll_union_agg` | Sketch bytes differ. Estimates match |
   
   So `hll_sketch_estimate` can run natively by default, while the other three 
still produce bytes that differ from Spark and stay `Incompatible`, now with a 
reason that says exactly what differs.
   
   Note: the experiment mirrors Spark's Java code and Comet's accumulator logic 
outside a real Spark/DataFusion plan. The tests in this PR verify end to end in 
CI.
   
   ## What changes are included in this PR?
   
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   - `CometHllSketchEstimate`: now `Compatible` (no `allowIncompatible` needed 
on Spark 4.0+).
   - `CometHllSketchAgg`, `CometHllUnion`, `CometHllUnionAgg`: still 
`Incompatible`, with reasons replaced by the concrete differences above. Shared 
text lives in a new `CometHllReasons`.
   - The error class difference (Comet execution error vs Spark's 
`HLL_INVALID_INPUT_SKETCH_BUFFER` / `HLL_UNION_DIFFERENT_LG_K`) moves from 
`getIncompatibleReasons` to `getCompatibleNotes`. Both engines fail on the same 
inputs. The old reason also listed the wrong SQLSTATE for 
`HLL_INVALID_INPUT_SKETCH_BUFFER` (22546, not 22000).
   - Docs: `expressions.md` updated, and audit entries added to 
`expression-audits/agg_funcs.md` and `misc_funcs.md`.
   
   Follow-ups filed by this audit:
   - https://github.com/apache/datafusion-comet/issues/7548 Comet writes 
LIST/SET mode sketches in the compact layout instead of Spark's updatable 
layout.
   - https://github.com/apache/datafusion-comet/issues/7549 HLL errors do not 
use Spark's error classes.
   
   ## How are these changes tested?
   
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   - New SQL file test `expressions/misc/hll_sketch_estimate.sql` (Spark 4.0+, 
Parquet dictionary on and off). Sketches are built by Spark for lgK 4/12/21 and 
5 to 10000 distinct values, plus empty, NULL, and `hll_union_agg` results. The 
estimate query must run natively and match Spark. An invalid-buffer case is 
`query ignore(...)` and linked to #7549.
   - `CometExpressionSuite`: new test checks that `hll_sketch_estimate` runs 
natively with no config and that `hll_sketch_agg` falls back by default with 
the compact-layout reason. Existing HLL tests no longer set 
`HllSketchEstimate.allowIncompatible`.
   
   Local checks (no Maven build locally, CI runs the suites):
   - `scalafmt --config scalafmt.conf --test` (v3.6.1) on the changed Scala 
files: passed.
   - `npx prettier --check` on the changed Markdown files: passed.
   
   Requesting the `run-spark-4.0-tests` / `run-all-spark-profiles` labels, 
since the serdes only apply on Spark 4.x.
   


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