westonpace commented on issue #36302:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/36302#issuecomment-1632861575

   Yes, the casting will happen after we read the column into memory.  
Something like (this is just pseudocode)...
   
   ```
   # column is a string array
   column = read_from_parquet_file(col_index)
   desired_type = dataset_schema.types[col_index]
   if column.type != desired_type:
     # now column is a timestamp array
     column = cast(column, desired_type)
   ...
   table = build_table_from_columns(...)
   ...
   # filter happens down here
   ```
   
   However, if you apply the filter to a dataset, then we are going to try and 
use it for pushdown filtering.  So if we zoom out a little on the above 
pseudocode...
   
   ```
   metadata = get_parquet_metadata()
   for simple_filter_clause in filter: # e.g. things like x > 0
     for row_group in metadata.row_groups:
       row_group_stats = row_group.statistics
       # Casting error is being thrown here
       if simple_filter_clause.cannot_match(row_group_stats):
         skip_row_group()
   
   # column is a string array
   column = read_from_parquet_file(col_index)
   desired_type = dataset_schema.types[col_index]
   if column.type != desired_type:
     # now column is a timestamp array
     column = cast(column, desired_type)
   ...
   table = build_table_from_columns(...)
   ...
   # filter happens down here
   ```
   
   So we cannot use the filter for pushdown directly.  I don't think we can 
safely cast it.  We _could_ just skip this filter (exclude it from pushdown) 
and then allow it to be applied later on.  So I think it is possible to get 
better behavior here.


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